1 Ethics Organizations
3 Business Social Responsibility Concept
2 Principles of Social Responsibility of OJSC LUKOIL
3 Social Responsibility Program of JSC RUSAL
Conclusion
Bibliography
Applications
Introduction
Ethics and morals make up the basis of human behavior, especially the economic, economic behavior of people. In modern society, they are the necessary prerequisite for the welfare and operation of social institutions and systems. Under ethics, a broad sense means a system of universal and specific moral requirements and norms of behavior implemented in the process of social life. Ethics of business relations allocates one of the spheres of social life. Based on universal standards and rules of behavior, ethical standards of service relations have some distinctive features.
In recent years, issues of social responsibility and professional ethics in the global business community have come to the fore.
The meaning of the concept of social responsibility of the business lies in the voluntary duty of businessmen to hold such a policy, make such decisions and follow these areas of activity that are desirable from the point of view of the goals and values \u200b\u200bof society. In other words, this is a kind of public contract between entrepreneurs, the population and the state, whose goal is to contribute to the good of the whole society.
Development of the topic. Problems of ethics and social responsibility of business were engaged in such domestic scientists as: V.K. Belolipetsky, L.G. Pavlova, V.N. Lavrinenko, N.G. Moskov residents, S.M. Shevchenko, V.A. Sukharev, V.A.Pivak, Yu.Yu. Petrunin and others.
Among the foreign scientists, J. Yager, J. Chester, D. Karniegy, V.I. were engaged in the problems of ethics and social responsibility Knorring, M.N. Brym, R.T.jorj and others.
The concept of "corporate social responsibility" was formed about 20 years ago. Prior to this period, there were scattered standards in various fields of corporate governance concerning the policy of relations with employees, corporate ethics, approaches to environmental protection. Under the social responsibility of the organization means a certain level of voluntary response to social problems (ecology, hardability, arrangement, cultivation, etc.). The social responsibility of the entrepreneur is to participate in the production of goods required by the Company, increasing their quality, fulfill various social programs, accelerating the implementation of the achievements of scientific and technological progress and others.
Employers pay increasing attention to the issues of ethics of business and personal relationships in the selection of personnel and its admission to work, as well as in the process of directly fulfilling their professional role.
The object of work is organizations and business.
The subject of the work is ethics and social responsibility of organizations and business.
The aim of the work is to study the characteristics of ethics of organizations and ethics of business, the concepts of social responsibility.
The tasks of work are:
1. Study of the theoretical foundations of the ethical aspects of the organization, management and social responsibility of the business;
2. Consider the Ethics of the Organization, Ethics of Business and Ethics of Management;
Consider examples of socially responsible Russian companies;
Determine the practical implementation of the principles of social responsibility by Russian companies;
Determine the principles of social responsibility of JSC LUKOIL and RUSAL OJSC.
The structure of the work consists of administration, two chapters, conclusion, a list of literature and four applications.
Chapter 1. Theoretical aspects of ethical aspects of the organization, management and social responsibility of business
.1 Ethics Organizations
From the standpoint of management, all enterprises (firms) have a common line they are all organizations. The organization is a group of people whose activities are consciously coordinated to achieve a common goal or goals. All complex organizations have common characteristics for all of them. These include: resources, dependence on the external environment, horizontal and vertical division of labor, division, need to control. The essence and content of the control process are manifested in its functions. With these positions, the management of the organization is understood as the process of planning, organizing, motivating and control required in order to formulate and achieve the objectives of the organization. Management in the modern world acts not only as an integral part of joint, combined labor, but also as a function of property implementation. In the control center - people (personnel of specialists), which are the basis of any organization. From these positions, control is and the ability to achieve their goals, directing work, intellect, the motives of the behavior of people working in the organization.
From the point of view of the system approach to the organization and management of it, all organizations are open systems, i.e. Characterized by interaction with the external environment. If the management organization is effective, then during the conversion process, the added value of the inputs is formed, as a result of which many possible additional outputs appear (profit, increase in market share, increase sales, growth of the organization, etc.). The management object from the company in the enterprise is several groups of functional processes: marketing, research and development, production, finance, personnel, etc.
The organization is created, exists and functions due to the interaction of the components of its elements of its internal environment - its goals, structures, functions, technology and personnel. Each manager, in any level he, seeks to achieve the goals, while in a certain structure, performing certain tasks, complying with the requirements of technology and leading people subordinate to him.
Each of the elements of the internal environment with its formation, the development should pass "Test for Ethicity" (Fig. 1.1.1).
Fig.1.1.1 .. The layout of the "ethical filter" when the organization interacts with the external environment
The scale of the estimate "ethical - unethical" should work constantly, regardless of whether the new technology is being mastered or new job descriptions are put into operation for any manager. To ensure the desired level of ethics in the functioning of the internal environment of the organization, various measures are carried out, as, for example:
) Develop an ethical code of organization (department, sector, branch);
) periodically conduct training personnel, primarily managers, the basics of management ethics;
) Form the body of the Committee type, designed to monitor the compliance with the norms of ethics and resolve ethical disorders and conflicts arising on the basis.
The external environment of the organization includes a large number of elements: these are competitors, and consumers of products (or services) produced by this organization, and suppliers of raw materials, materials, etc., and sources of labor resources, and investors, and individual shareholders , state administration authorities. In indirect form, the organization has influence and factors such as the condition and level of development of the economy, the level of development and features of culture, national customs, habits, tastes, moods and expectations of society.
Thus, many subjects affect the organization, and it interacts with them - in different species, in different forms and with different intensity. All types and forms of interaction, all the activities of the organization, starting from the moment of formation, before the end of its life cycle, should be constantly assessed from the position of social responsibility.
Each company has a certain system of generally accepted moral procedures (norms, values, knowledge), mandatory for all employees. The core of corporate ethics is formed by the founders of the organization and is directly related to their life experience and worldview. Reputation and authority of the head, the effectiveness of his work is perceived by subordinates as a given, and they begin to imitate him.
Ethics of national economy is formed by joint efforts in the field of state, business circles, trade union, civil society and church. In the last decade, the ethical side of business relations in organizations began to attach more and more importance. In Western countries, this is explained by the fact that society has become more informed in the field of business relationships and places increased requirements for the ethical level of the organization. The signs of the ethical organization are the following: the organization as a collective member of society: takes care of compliance with laws (even if it is possible to circumvent them); promotes lawmaking, voluntarily providing existing information on additional measures necessary in this industry; complies with the fundamental norms of public morality, without resorting to deception, corruption, etc.; Abroad acts with respect to the laws of the host.
Organization as a manufacturer: Focus on the production of safe and reliable goods at fair prices. Organization as an employer: takes care of the safety of production; cares about the good emotional state of its employees; Does not allow gender, age, national and other discrimination. Organization as a subject of resource management: takes care of their effective use; Cares about the aesthetics of the landlocked land. Organization as an investment object: fully and truthfully provides information on its economic situation. Organization as a competitor: does not participate in dishonest competition; Does not participate in unreasonable restriction of competition. Organizing as a participant in social development: stimulates innovations and introduces new products and technologies; It does not forget that its activity has an impact on the quality of life and recognizes the responsible responsibility.
Many subjects of business relationships face a number of ethical problems, the root causes of which are contradictions in the interests of interested groups - customers, employees, shareholders, suppliers, competitors, government and local communities.
At the macro level, ethical problems are manifested in relations between organizations (unfair competition), organizations and the state (permissible control boundaries), manufacturers of products and consumers (unscrupulous advertising, imposed demand, concealing information on consumer characteristics), organizations and investors (owners) (manipulation with Investments, understatement or overestimation of income), organizations and local communities (the obligation to participate in the development of the local community, the preservation of unprofitable enterprises), organizations and the environment (concealing true information, the transfer of production in less "strict" regions ", bribing officials).
On micro-level, i.e. Directly in organizations, these problems arise when making management decisions (illegal, careless, immoral solutions for the development of a career), the relationship between managers and subordinates (methods of impact on subordinates), in the case of official revelations (admissibility of informing about non-residential actions), in relation to the situation Women in organizations (career restrictions, sexual harassment), with "mutual services" (gifts, leasing in addition or bypassing formal relationships).
To prevent or resolve this kind of problems, it is necessary to develop a set of moral standards (Code of Corporate Ethics), which would contribute to the participants of business relations in the successful performance of their professional tasks, contributed to the coordination of the interests of the business sector and society. The need for corporate ethical codes arises due to the fact that universal ethical norms are not enough to regulate human behavior in specific situations. Ethical Codes contain resources to solve a wide range of tasks, allow you to improve the efficiency of the company's management. The presence of corporate ethics codes becomes a global standard of business. In recent years, corporate ethics codes (ethical codes) appeared in many Russian organizations of different areas of activity. The Ethics Code describes a system of common values \u200b\u200band rules of ethics of companies that should adhere to its employees. The Code is operating along with the administrative and legal order and, unlike the latter, has no legal force, but acts as a "moral contract" between the enterprise and employees. The ethical code performs three main functions:
forms confidence in the company from reference external groups (a description of policies in relation to customers, suppliers, contractors);
regulates the behavior of personnel in complex ethical situations (regulatting priorities in cooperation with significant external groups, determining the procedure for making decisions in complex ethical situations, guidelines for unacceptable forms of behavior);
developing corporate culture (the Ethical Code can ensure the company's values \u200b\u200bto all employees, orient them into single corporate values \u200b\u200band thereby raise corporate identity, with the help of the Code, certain behavioral models and uniform standards of relationships and joint activities are set).
The structure of the corporate code of the company Procter & Gamble is provided in Appendix 1. Allocate the following types of corporate ethical codes: a regulatory document with detailed rules developed, including the sanctions provided for in the event of a violation of the Code; A brief code that includes abstract values, philosophy, corporation purposes; Detailed Code of Social Obligations of the Firm to Depositors, employees, etc. Codes clarify what personal qualities should have employees; principles of interaction "boss-subordinate"; principles of interaction with external organizations; positions of representatives of the company when negotiating; Features of employees in other states; Using employees of the company's information and much more.
The content of the ethical code of a particular company is determined by its characteristics - the structure, development tasks, installations of managers. As a rule, codes contain two parts: ideological (mission, goals, values) and regulatory (working standards). The ethical code can be designed for the company as a whole, and in this case it contains common to all both for managers and ordinary performers, ethical rules. The Code may also be created for certain functional units in order to solve specific ethical problems. A characteristic feature of modern ethical codes is that sections containing recommendations for eliminating ethical problems arising from conflicts of interests are designed in more detail and carefully than other sections. At the same time, accents are made to the collision of the interests of the organization: with government bodies; with employees or shareholders of the organization; governments of foreign states.
Corporate ethical codes are prohibited: discrimination on features: races; skin color; religion; floor; sex orientation; age; nationality; disability; work experience; beliefs; party accessories; education; social, class origin; language; property situation; sexual harassment; the creation of an aggressive work environment; comments, jokes and other actions that encourage an aggressive environment in the workplace; riding employees; racial contempt; religious contempt; threats; coarseness; violence; use, sale of drugs; appearance at work in a drunken state, state of narcotic, toxic intoxication; loss of property organization; theft of property organization; incorrect, ineffective use of the property of the organization; disclosure of information that is a service, commercial secret; storage of personal materials in the workplace; refusal to inspect your workplace and information used by employees of personnel services; use of employee consumables for personal purposes; use of organization of organization of organization for personal purposes; Transfer of administration of inaccurate, distorted information; Cheating by overstaving their expenses, such as travel, food, accommodation, other spending; deception of state, government bodies, external organizations; false statements on behalf of the organization; abuse of the force and influence of the organization; abuse and threats towards another organization; execution of orders that are violation of legislation; disregarding statements about competitors; humiliation of competitors, their goods and services; conversations with outsiders about the conditions of contracts and thereby promulgation of these conditions; conversations with outsiders (persons who do not work in the organization) of inventions used in organizations; conversations with unauthorized persons on the production plans, on market research; about production facilities, about private information; the use of unworthy methods and services, such as industrial espionage; illegal penetration into someone else's territory; listening; hiring employees for private information about employees, competitors; corrupt practices; Receiving gifts and money from the supplier, client (to gifts include: material values, services, such as personal discounts when purchasing goods for personal use or service at preferential prices); receiving commission; Presentation of gifts supplier to representatives.
In professionally homogeneous organizations (banks, consulting companies), codes describing professional dilemmas are often used. The content of such codes regulates the behavior of employees in ethically complex professional situations (for example, in banking activities, the Codes describe the rules for convening confidential information about clients, information on the sustainability of their bank, prohibit the use of information for personal enrichment). The addition of such a code chapters about the mission and values \u200b\u200bof the company contributes to the development of corporate culture.
Obviously, it is impossible to characterize any ethical problem in the Code, which employees may face, but written instructions can help resolve quite often ethical issues. To become valid working, the rules of ethical
code must actually meet the following requirements:
they must be somewhat higher than existing practice, orient employees are not more than yet, remaining accomplished for execution;
deviations from their execution by anyone should be actually visual and easily estimated by the surrounding, i.e. The rules should be such that their violation is immediately fixed.
When formulating the norms of the ethical code, the following errors can be made: minimize them to slogans, abstract and nothing practically mean; Repeat in them what is all done; actual unverifiability of their effectiveness; The overestimated requirements that most are unable to fit.
Really, the corporate ethical code will be executed only if it takes it to each employee, therefore, at the stage of its creation, it is necessary to provide procedures that include the process of developing a document by the possibility of all employees of the company. The effectiveness of ethical codes also depends on whether their company management perceives as an institutional norm, whether there is a gap between formalized ethical norms and their use in specific situations. The most faithful criterion for the quality of the ethical code is the perception of his employees.
To make ethical codes more efficient, companies often accept certain disciplinary measures aimed at punishment for the violation of the Code and the promotion of actions committed in accordance with the rules of the Ethical Code.
In Russian organizations, the practice of developing ethical codes as an independent corporate document has not yet been widely disseminated, but the basic requirements for the behavior of employees, the ethics of relationships in the team are increasingly contained in such documents as the provision of the personnel, the working standards of the organization. Basic principles and norms of behavior are included in the reference books and reminders of the employee of the organization, other means of visual agitation.
.2 Ethics of Business and Ethics Management
Business ethics as a region of knowledge was formed in the 70s of the XX century. in USA. Special attention is paid to ethical behavior in business in the 60s during various social shocks. The new paradigm of management demanded the revision of the principles of management, since the old ceases "work" in the conditions of entrepreneurial structures. In the 90s, ethics in business is announced by the Golden Management Rule.
Business Ethics is a scientific discipline that studies the application of ethical principles in business situations. The most developed issues in the ethics of business are the following: the relationship between corporate and universal ethics, the problem of social responsibility of business, issues of application of general ethical principles to specific decision-making situations, ways to increase the ethical level of the organization, the influence of religious and cultural values \u200b\u200bon economic behavior and some others. Business Ethics is a study of the compliance of the moral norms of the human activity and the objectives of the business organization. It is a tool for analyzing and solving problems that arise before a moral man engaged in the business.
Business ethics are divided into macroetics and microetics. Under macroetics it is understood as the part of the ethics of a business, which considers the specifics of moral relations between both the macroships of the social and economic structure of society: corporations, the state and society as a whole and its parts; Under micro-ethics - the study of the specifics of moral relations within the corporation, between the corporation as a moral subject and its employees, as well as shares holders.
In the system of moral relations between macrosses, specialists allocate two levels: horizontal and vertical. Horizontally consider the moral relations between the actors with the same characteristics, between different corporations; Vertical - moral relations between the subjects with different characteristics and properties. This level belongs to the relationship between corporations and the state, between corporations and society as a whole (or part of it) and between corporations and the environment.
Most people take ethical solutions at the micro level, i.e. When a person is responsible for his behavior or makes decisions that concern other people, for example, with respect to the welfare of their loved ones, colleagues or even a small community. But some people sooner or later begin to make decisions on the macro level, for example, directly participate in the formation of national national policies.
Business ethics is related to the formation of economic institutions, and to the functioning of business professionals. Economic institutions of the Company inevitably invade the region of morality, and from this point of view the value of the macro level of business ethics is difficult to overestimate.
Ethics plays the role of a kind of filter when implementing methods, control style, when creating a control structure, when making decisions, etc. Ethical standards, standards must be present in any phenomenon and management process. The essence of the ethics of management is in the nobility of actions, both a separate manager and the organization as a whole.
The content of the essential category "Ethics of Management" is disclosed in specific acts and behavior of managers and organizations. The category "Ethics of Management" is in close connection with other categories of management. The relationship of ethics with control methods occurs through: a) the ethics of selecting specific control methods; b) ethics of specific use (implementation) of these methods; c) the ethics of perception with specific people of management methods (or perception of a specific organization of the current situation); d) ethics of the influence of selected and implemented methods for improving the level of echoidral management (the last indicator can be considered a peculiar "indicator of the effectiveness of ethicality").
Depending on the degree of formalization, formalized
forms of expression of the category "Ethics of Management" (for example, ethical standards of corporations that have a finished form that exist in writing and carrying mandatory nature for employees) and informalized forms (oral instructions of the manager subordinate).
Thus, the management ethics is a category present in all other categories of management as a filter that does not miss anything unworthy, non-profit, non-religious in the practice of management, both at the level of a separate manager and at the level of the organization as a whole.
In Russian society, managers and entrepreneurs are provided with an increasing impact on the economic, social and political life of the country. The ethical characteristics of business Russian life are: semi-struck activity regulation; informal relationship; electoral ethics in business relationships; use of power methods; independence and policies; creation of "teams" and centralization of management functions; technocratism and paternalism of the leadership; workolism; increased risk leaning and diversification activities; high degree of adaptability and speed of reaction; Restrained attitude to charity.
In Russian entrepreneurship, the most common ethical violations (errors) are the following: the unscrupulousness of Russian entrepreneurs; extortion by government officials; political instability in society; financial instability; infringement of entrepreneurs' rights by government agencies and officials; All great criminalization of various sectors of the economy; extortion from criminal structures; lack of private ownership of land; The threat of personal safety from criminal structures and others. The consistent persistent struggle with the factors listed above, adversely affecting the level of ethics of Russian entrepreneurship as a whole, will reduce the number of violations of ethical norms and standards in the Russian Federation. The Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation is of great job in this direction - from the very first years of Russia's entry into the system of market peacekeeping relations.
Today, Russian businessmen it is imperative to create a positive opinion from the international community, as it will open up broad prospects for establishing new economic and trade relations. There are a number of factors inhibiting the development of Russian business culture: a slight experience in doing business in market conditions, unstable and unpredictable legislation, lack of political stability, transitional character, its criminalization. In addition, sociocultural factors are influenced by this process: historical existing traditions, psychology, habits, a warehouse of the mind that change is much slower than everyone else. For example, you can take a new law relatively quickly, but to work out the habit of abiding it - much more difficult. In Russia, the formation of new economic legislation is uneven, and the acquisition of a new experience in the field of business communication, the transition from habits accumulated under the Command-Administrative System, to habits and techniques necessary for the effective business in a modern developed economic system - the process is even more Long and spontaneous, as it is associated with enormous economic, psychological and moral costs for Russian business people.
To stop the development of negative trends is possible under the following conditions: the improvement of economic legislation, the improvement of the socio-political situation, as well as the targeted development of a system of practical measures to form a proper business culture of domestic manufacturers. At the same time, the increasing internationalization of the global economic process inevitably implies civilized business management, in particular the unification of the rules of international business cooperation, recognizing by all entrepreneurs of the rules of business ethics. According to the testimony of foreign and Russian businessmen, the standards of business behaviors that are now in Russia are often different from generally accepted.
The business world is generally moving towards the convergence, complementance. However, each country passes its own way, has its culturally - historical specificity. Over the past years, the business environment, both in the world and in Russia has changed significantly. A significant impact on relationships in the International Business Society provide serious environmental issues that cause mutual responsibility of all participants in the economic process. The growing business criminalization is exacerbated by the sophisticated technique of "money laundering", the relationship between entrepreneurs and bureaucracy aggravated.
In an effort to take into account the specifics of business culture, the National Fund "Russian Business Culture" has developed a document "Twelve principles of doing business in Russia", calling entrepreneurs to the approval of the following principles of business relations (Table 1.2.1).
Table 1.2.1 Principles of Business Relations
|
Name of group principles |
The composition of the principles of groups |
|
|
Principles of personality |
1. Profit is most important, but honor is more expensive. 2. Respect the general participants - this is the basis of relations with them and self-esteem. Respect and self-esteem is given to the fulfillment of direct business obligations. 3. refrain from violence and threats to violence as methods for achieving business goals. |
|
|
Principles of professionalism |
4. Always behave in accordance with the means. 5. Meet confidence, in it - the basis of entrepreneurship and the key to success. The strive to conquer a reputation as an honest, competent and decent partner. 6. Competed is worthy. Do not bring business disagreements to trial. |
|
|
Principles of Russia |
7. Comply with the existing laws and submit to legal authorities. 8. For legal impact on power and lawmaking, combine like-minded people based on these principles. 9. Create good for people, not for the sake of a pearly and vanity. |
|
|
Principles of a citizen of land |
10. When creating and conducting a case, at least not damage to nature. 11. Find the strength to resist crime and corruption. Contract ensure that they become disadvantageous to everyone. 12. Show tolerance to representatives of other cultures, beliefs and countries. They are not worse and no better than us, they are just others. |
The general ethical principles of business relations should be used to develop any organization and managers of their own ethical systems.
It can also be called as an example "the rules of conscientious activities of the members of the professional association of participants in the stock market" (1994); "Code of Professional Ethics of Russian Society Appraisers" (1994). The second Congress of Russian entrepreneurs accepted the "Charter of Business of Russia".
Based on the above, the joint business ethics should be based on three most important provisions: the creation of material values \u200b\u200bin the entire variety of forms is considered as an initially important process; Profit and other revenues are considered as a result of achieving various socially significant goals; Priorities in resolving problems arising in the business world should be given to the interests of interpersonal relations, and not the production of products. This result can only be obtained during long-term systematic work.
1.3 Business Social Responsibility Concept
Corporate Social Responsibility is the specific and level of development of the corporation, regularly revised and dynamically changing the combination of obligations, voluntarily and coordinated with the participation of stakeholders aimed at the implementation of significant internal and external social programs, the results of which are promoted by the company's development (growth of production, increase Product quality and services, etc.), improving its reputation and image, the establishment of corporate identity, development of corporate brands, as well as the expansion of constructive partnerships with the state, business partners, local communities and civil organizations.
Today, according to the classical definition of the European Commission, corporate social responsibility is a concept that reflects the voluntary decision of companies to participate in improving society and environmental protection. This business movement towards society is valuable in that it is the expression of goodwill. Some countries have already turned corporate social responsibility in an open and very effective government policy tool. The relevant legislation already exists in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Holland, France, Great Britain, the Government of Canada leads work in this direction.
The principles of ethical and socio-economic activities of business are based on the moral and moral values \u200b\u200bof the Company, which are the basis and guarantee of the successful work of economic entities. Today, the implementation of any economic policy firms requires solving ethical problems that determine the need for economic and social research and are rather a philosophical and ideological issue. Currently, the foundation for the development and sustainable economic growth of any company are ethical principles of behavior based on public morality and moral values, including: freedom and democracy, social responsibility and care for the near, honest practices of doing business, the justice of deeds and actions; the market image of the thinking of managers and personnel of firms implying free movement of resources and firms between production sectors, self-control, mutual assistance and internationalization in actions; orientation for a person, on the possibility of improving the economic and social life of personnel and society through the creation of flexible and effective democratic management orgstructures; The desire of the economic entity is not to success, but to ensure the full life of a person who is important, as the work itself, that is, the formation of active leisure, a new style of life and family relationship; Belief in modern labor ethics, which implies that people should economically spend money and help the Russian economy as a whole, a lot to work and be proud of the result of their work, to make a good and promote the service.
The basic principles of the adoption of socio-ethical business decisions include: Pragmaticity of actions, that is, obtaining relevant income and profits; Compliance with human rights (for labor, education, health, etc.) and socio-legal protection of the Company from inefficient owners; Fair distribution of goods and responsibility to society. These long-term principles are built on the basis of religious creeds, customs and traditions of peoples of respect for human rights and freedoms, utilitarianism and enterprise people. The modern business concept differs from the same in that it is focused on improving the ethical level of business; Sustainable business development in the future with moderate profits; on the mass of profits instead of the maximum rate of profit; on humanism and honest competition; For a decent business, where the main thing is not only money, but also the high art and the fascinating work of the entrepreneur, since smart and talented people go to those corporations that pay more attention to the personality of the employee; For a combination and interaction of monopolies and competition, which manifests itself not to establish high prices and obtaining maximum profits, but in the acute struggle for the buyer by meeting its needs.
Today, all the rules and rules of behavior in business are assessed from the point of view of public morality and law, and the business itself is responsible to various public groups: consumers and investors, partners and their own staff.
Business is social responsibility to society, that is, before the population and the environment in part: ensuring freedom of entrepreneurship; providing equal employment opportunities for women and national minorities and emigrants; Environmental protection and methods for its control, consumer protection, especially in the problem sectors of the consumer market.
The formulated business principles in modern conditions are based on the concept of sustainable development of the organization, according to which only the company has been able to continuously and successfully attend the markets and in society, which has reached the optimal relationship between the three groups of objectives: economic, environmental and social, key areas of sustainable Development of the company. In each of the key areas, areas of responsibility are formed, which assumes the management of a specific organization (Table 1.3.1).
Table 1.3.1 Compliance with the responsibility of the organization's management of the key areas of its sustainable development
|
Key areas of sustainable development of the organization |
Schedule management organization |
|
Economic and financial stability, corporate governance, interaction with capital sources |
Economic growth Financial performance of obligations to shareholders, capital sources Tax and mandatory payments |
|
Labor rights, relations with employees, health and safety in the workplace |
Labor rights and decent remuneration for labor protection, safety and health in the workplace Development of personnel Equal opportunities in hiring, professional and career growth in the participation of employees in decision making |
|
Product quality, Relationship with consumers and suppliers |
Quality of goods and services Health and safety of consumers Fair pricing conscientious competition and advertising Compliance with ethical standards of business |
|
Environmental Safety |
Environmental safety of production Economic consumption of natural resources Reuse of resources, waste disposal |
|
Human rights |
Compliance with the law of the established rights of an employee and a citizen at the workplace Prevention of any forms of discrimination, forced labor, compliance and supporting any human rights related to the organization's activities |
|
Interaction with local communities |
Using business resources for the local community Support for civilian initiatives Partnership with the local community and power of charitable programs for social and cultural development of the local community |
|
Interaction with the authorities |
|
In Russia, the process of developing corporate social responsibility is at the initial stage and occurs in the face of the state positions of the state, the extremely weak development of civil society institutions, the oligarchic development of the business and the rules of the interaction of these institutions, the role of individuals and the measures of their participation in social development are only formed. Socially responsible behavior of the corporation should manifest itself in the choice of priorities and mechanisms for the development of goods and services, employment, maintaining social standards and environmental protection. The focus in the implementation of socially responsible behavior is given to three areas:
economic activities (sustainable growth and production of quality products);
environmental activities (protection and renewal of natural environment resources);
social activities (active social policy).
Thus, under corporate social responsibility it is understood as the model of the strategic behavior of corporations, in which the program of socially responsible initiatives are being developed and are being implemented, directly in the field of economic activity, as well as in environmental and social spheres.
Chapter 2. Examples of socially responsible Russian companies
.1 Practical implementation of the principles of social responsibility by Russian companies
The current level of economic and social relations in the Russian Federation strongly requires the inclusion of Russian companies in international processes, an adequate response to the enterprise-based on the external environment and a comprehensive solution of the organization's internal problems, taking into account external trends.
In 2004, the initiative group of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (RSPP) on the basis of a broad discussion in the business community and, taking into account the provisions of the UN Global Treaty, the Basic Principles of Responsible Business, Business Practice were developed, called the social charter of Russian business. "The social charter of Russian business today is a platform for the formation of corporate policies and practices in accordance with the tasks of sustainable business development of companies on the basis of effective cooperation with interested parties - shareholders, investors, employee organizations, power structures, civil society institutions."
In accordance with the social charter of the Russian business, the very concept of social responsibility and socially responsible business practice includes the economic, environmental and social component.
Socially responsible business is the production of quality goods and services at a reasonable price; Regular payment of decent wages; Caring for the health and safety of their employees; reducing the negative impact on the environment; new workplaces; investments in the development of own production and staff staff; honesty and business transparency; support for unprotected segments of the population; Participation in regional support programs for education, culture, sports and infrastructure, not related to the principal area of \u200b\u200bthe organization.
Currently, in Russia on social responsibility policies and strategies for participation in society, mostly large national companies and divisions of international companies are conceived. Medium business, with rare exception, works "in the old manner", leading business as it is necessary, and doing one-time charity. The terms of management and the content of the Russian business impose their own features on the development of the concept of social responsibility in Russia. All new organizations and participants are actively joined to the social charter of Russian business. The most famous socially responsible companies are the largest Russian corporations -GMK "Norilsk Nickel", LUKOIL OJSC, FC Uralsib, RUSAL company, OJSC Severstal, Sistema, Gazprom and others).
OJSC "MMC Norilsk Nickel" in the corporate social report analyzes in detail the possible social risks of this enterprise and the main directions of their minimization (Table 2.1.1).
Table 2.1.1 Social Risks of OJSC "MMC Norilsk Nickel"
|
General factors |
Risks to implement the company's development strategy by 2020, related to personnel |
Factors specific to the company |
|
Reducing the supply of labor resources due to the demographic situation Increase in the demand for personnel in connection with the growth of the Russian economy |
Risk of ensuring the production of personnel in the required quantity and quality |
Discrepancy in the level of preparation of young specialists in universities and PTU production requirements reduced the attractiveness of work in the company's production units due to severe and hazardous working conditions, the environmental situation in the region of non-professional actions of linear leaders of the lower and secondary links in terms of personnel interaction complexity of adaptation of employed labor resources "Mainland" |
|
Changes in the socio-economic situation in the country and the world destabilizing the actions of domestic and external forces (international and Russian trade unions, other public organizations interacting with employees, destructive leaders of public movements) |
Social stability risk |
Violation of life support systems, deterioration of the environmental situation, fatal accidents essential dissatisfaction of employees by the level of remuneration, social benefits and their distribution system |
|
Strengthening the ruble exchange rate to US dollar accelerated salary growth rates in the Russian Federation. Growth of social contributions and taxes on the Fund of Labor |
Risk of growth of personnel costs in size critical to ensure an acceptable level of profitability |
The increase in labor costs necessary to fulfill the development strategy of the production of high costs for attracting and arrangement of labor resources with "continent" |
A large place in the structure of the social report of JSC "MMC Norilsk Nickel" is assigned to the analysis of the structure of the compensation package (Fig. 2.1.1) and the dynamics of the average wage.
When preserved for the period 2005-2009. The interests of the costs associated with paying for labor, at the level of 33%, in absolute terms this type of cost increased from $ 1056 million in 2005 to 2002 million in 2009, or 89.6%.
The average salary of employees of Russian enterprises of the Group of OJSC "MMC Norilsk Nickel" in 2009 increased compared with 2006 by 31% and amounted to 41.4 thousand rubles, which is 3 times higher than the average salary in the Russian Federation and 2.3 times in the Russian metallurgical industry.
Consider the principles of social responsibility of OJSC Aeroflot, which is a domestic company for the transportation of passengers by air transport. In the social report of Aeroflot OJSC, it is said that the average salary of employees of Aeroflot OJSC for the period 2005-2009. increased from 30 thousand rubles. up to 45 thousand rubles. In 2009, growth compared with 2006 amounted to 32.4%.
The structure of additional social payments to Aeroflot employees in 2009 is presented in Fig. 2.1.2.
Fig. 2.1.2. Structure of additional social payments in 2009
In 2006, the cost of the social package per employee Aeroflot was 33,768 rubles. For the period 2005-2009 Additional social payments to employees of this enterprise increased by 79.5% and amounted to 203.5 million rubles by the end of the period.
.2. Principles of Social Responsibility of OJSC LUKOIL
LUKOIL is one of the largest international vertically integrated oil and gas companies. The main activities of the company are the exploration and production of oil and gas, the production of petroleum products and petrochemical products, as well as the sale of products manufactured. The main part of the company's activities in the exploration and production sector is carried out in the territory of the Russian Federation, the main resource base is Western Siberia. LUKOIL owns modern oil refineries, gas processing and petrochemical plants located in Russia, East and Western Europe, as well as countries of neighboring countries. The company's products are implemented in Russia, Eastern and Western Europe, neighboring countries and the United States /
LUKOIL is the second largest private oil and gas company in the world in terms of proven hydrocarbon reserves. The share of the company in global oil reserves is about 1%, in global oil production - about 2.4%. The company plays a key role in the energy sector of Russia, its share accounts for 18.6% of all-Russian mining and 18.9% of all-Russian oil refining.
As of the beginning of 2010, proven oil reserves of the company accounted for 13,696 million Barr., Proved gas reserves - 22,850 billion ft3, which in the aggregate is 17,504 million Barr. AD
As of the beginning of 2010, the company's sales network covered 26 countries of the world, including Russia, neighboring countries and European countries (Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Hungary, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Serbia, Montenegro, Romania, Macedonia, Cyprus, Turkey, Belgium, Luxembourg, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina), as well as the United States, and there are 199 facilities of the tank farming with a total reservoir capacity of 3.13 million m3 and 6,620 gas stations ( including franchise).
Mission Lukoil
We are created to pay the energy of natural resources for the benefit of a person.
Promote in the regions of the company's activities with long-term economic growth, social stability, promote prosperity and progress, ensure the preservation of a favorable environment and the rational use of natural resources
Provide a stable and long-term business growth, transform LUKOIL into the leading global energy company. Be a reliable supplier of hydrocarbon resources on the global energy consumption market
Objects LUKOIL
LUKOIL considers it aims to create a new cost, maintaining high profitability and stability of its business, ensuring shareholders of high income on investment capital by increasing the value of the company's assets and cash dividend payments
To achieve these goals, LUKOIL will use all available opportunities, including further efforts to reduce costs, an increase in the effectiveness of its operations, improving the quality of products and services provided, the use of new progressive technologies.
In August 2010, LUKOIL introduced the Code of Business Ethics of the Company (Appendix 3). The Code is a consolidation of the most important rules of business behavior of the company and its employees, ethical norms of intra-corporate relations, social responsibility, as well as the other topical issues of business ethics. The document regulates the relationship between employees of the company with shareholders and investors of OJSC LUKOIL. Much attention to the Code pays disclosure of information capable of a significant impact on the cost of LUKOIL securities (insider information). Special order in the company definitely defined an understanding of the one who is an insider is constantly supported by an updated list of insiders, for which the special procedure for performing operations with securities of LUKOIL has been established. A separate part of the Code is devoted to the relationship between employees within the company. In particular, the Code excludes discrimination of workers on the basis of gender, age, race or nationality, religion and political beliefs.
Employees of LUKOIL are encouraged to constantly increase their professional level through the personnel training system, study new skills, acquire the necessary professional knowledge, strive to improve the quality of the results of their labor.
The Code also regulates the conflict of interest when, as a result of personal, family and other circumstances, LUKOIL employee loses or may lose loyalty and objectivity in relation to the company. Forming in this case the conflict of personal interests with the interests of the company will negatively affect its effectiveness, as a result of which the company has the right to prevent the influence of this kind of conflict.
The code determines the rules of relationships with business partners. Thus, LUKOIL declares that it establishes and supports mutually beneficial relations with any partner, if he, like the company, follows the principles of mutual respect and mutual benefits, honesty and conscientiousness, strict mutual commitment. At the same time, the company stands for an honest competitive struggle and compliance with all existing competition laws in all countries of its presence.
The Ethics Code indicates that LUKOIL staff should never take gifts, services, payment of entertainment and recreation, monetary remuneration and any other benefits that can affect the impartiality and independence of their official duties, as well as making decisions that do not correspond to the interests of the company.
The Code of Business Ethics also spelled out the rules of relations with government agencies and public organizations, the work of labor, industrial and personal security, environmental protection is given. In accordance with the provisions of the Code in the company, a business ethics commission was created, which regulates corporate ethical relations.
"It is important to remember that each of our employee is a person's face, its work and behavior supports its reputation and prestige. The Code of Business Ethics is one of the tools for creating such a company in which all employees are members of the team of professionals, "said President of OJSC LUKOIL, Vagit Alekperov
2.3. Social Responsibility Program of JSC RUSAL
JSC RUSAL is the world's largest producer of aluminum. The combined company, the world's largest producer of aluminum and alumina, was created in March 2007 as a result of the RUSAL company, which ranked third in the world in the world of aluminum, the Sula Group, which was among the ten largest global manufacturers of aluminum, and alumina asset of the Swiss company Glencore. The company includes enterprises for the extraction of bauxite and nepheline ore, the production of alumina, aluminum and alloys, foils and packaging materials based on it, as well as energy relevant. On five continents in 19 countries of the world, more than 75 thousand people operate at the company's enterprises.
The main goal of RUSAL OJSC is to ensure the sustainable development of the company as a global corporation, the leader of the global aluminum industry. Actively developing our scientific and technical potential and investing in the creation of new environmentally friendly and energy-efficient technologies, we continue to increase production volumes through the implementation of projects for the modernization of existing enterprises and the construction of new plants that meet the highest international standards in the field of environmental, labor protection and industrial safety
RUSAL OJSC intends to create an international diversified energy fetchelurgical corporation, which, using access to energy resources, a powerful research base and professionalism of employees, will be able to ensure the leadership of the company established by a number of new areas for the extraction of raw materials and the production of metals.
The company includes 16 aluminum plants, 12 alumina enterprises, 8 bouxite production enterprises, 3 enterprises for the production of powder products, 3 enterprises for the production of silicon, 3 factory for the production of secondary aluminum, 3 foal rolling factory, 2 cryolite plants, 1 cathode factory .
About 76,000 people operate at the enterprises of RUSAL OJSC. The company sells its products mainly in the markets of Europe, North America, Southeast Asia, in Japan and Korea. The main consumers of products are transport, construction, packaging industries.
Code of corporate ethics of the company "RUSAL" is designed:
Give each employee an idea of \u200b\u200bthe mission, values \u200b\u200band principles of the company's activities;
Establish the standards of ethical behavior that determine the relationship within the collective, relationships with customers, business partners, government agencies, public and competitors;
Serve as a tool to prevent possible violations and conflict situations, as well as for the development of corporate culture based on high ethical standards.
Taking the Code, the company "RUSAL" confirms its intention to follow the high ethical standards of business practices. The provisions and requirements of the Code are united for all and binding and accounting in their daily activities.
The provisions of the Code are applicable to RUSALUE and all companies controlled by OK RUSAL. The basis of the Code is the provisions of the Code of Corporate Ethics adopted by RUSAL on February 7, 2005. Since this time, the code of the Code was supplemented with several new sections. It contains more detailed explanations of individual provisions and requirements compared to the previous versions of the document.
The Code of JSC "RUSAL" contains the following provisions and sections: Mission Rusala
Social responsibility for RUSAL OJSC is an active part in the formation of a sustainable economic environment in the regions and countries of its presence, the continuous development of relationships with local communities, a full dialogue with the authorities, organization of conditions for attracting and professional development of the best personnel. The social programs of Rusal are carried out on a competitive basis, which allows the Maximum effect of Social Investments to Society. RUSAL considers young people a priority target group of its social programs. Organization of out-of-school activities, the development of a healthy lifestyle, professional and personal development, volunteering - these are the main areas of development of the younger generation supported by RUSAL.
RUSAL OJSC offers the program "Territory of Rusal", which contains three activities:
. "The development of social infrastructure in the regions of the presence of the company OK RUSAL". The main purpose of this area is to create opportunities for the implementation of innovative infrastructure projects of organizations and social institutions, significantly improving the quality of life of children and young people in the regions of the company's presence.
Support and development of civil initiatives in the local community. Promoting promising ideas of sustainable development among young people through support for initiatives, creativity, enterprising young people, preparing them for active participation in public life. The development of scientific and technical creativity of young people and support for projects in the field of computer technologies, robotics and modeling.
The program "Computer for a schoolboy". Implementation of the joint with the Foundation "Free Business"
The operational management of the Social Investment Program OK RUSAL carries out the charitable organization "Fund" Center of Social Programs. " Investing in the development of the regions of the presence of Rusal now, the potential of economic, social, material and spiritual growth of thousands of people is created. So, a stable, free, confident in tomorrow society
RUSAL company has developed the following affiliate programs.
Charitable seasons. The revival of the traditions of charity in the regions, the expansion of cooperation with non-profit organizations, the transfer of a local community accumulated by the Company - these are the goals of our partner projects. Combining efforts, we can do much more than each one one. The launch of the first partner projects in 2006 has become an important step in the development of the company's social policy. Each affiliate program takes place three stages of development. The first is the formation of forms of cooperation: these are fairs of public organizations, partnership contests, charitable seasons that strengthen contacts between people help joint creativity. The second is to strengthen the partnership: it is important that the activities have not become one-time. The third is the development and implementation of partner projects aimed at solving significant social problems in the region based on co-financing partners. Among the main pilot projects are the charitable season in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the action "In the Good Way, good deeds!" (Bratsk).
The tradition of holding charitable seasons in Krasnoyarsk was renewed in 2006 at the initiative of the Center for Social Programs of the RUSAL company. This is a large-scale DSP project in partnership with regional authorities and public organizations. The project has become a prominent event of 2007, declared a year of charity in Russia. In 2007, the charitable season was already in three regions of the company's presence: in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Bratsk and Sayanogorsk.
Charitable Season - 2007 Opened Spring Week of Pre-2007
In 2007, a new promotion appeared within the framework of the charity season - the route of good deeds. Its goal is to contribute to the development of public initiatives through support and recognition of the results of the volunteer activities of local residents. Routes passed to the year. Krasnoyarsk, Achinsk and Sayanogorsk. To the remote villages of Manan and Achinsky districts, with. Kuragino (Krasnoyarsk Territory), in P.G.T. Ust-Abakan (Khakassia) on a voluntary basis, representatives of public associations, local governments and business, student volunteer detachments took place. Specialists have consulted the population for legal, medical and social issues and presented social technologies with which active citizens will be able to solve the acute problems of their area. In Ust-Abakan and p. The Shali Exit Delegation visited the Fair of Public Initiatives, which prepared local non-commercial associations and initiative groups of citizens. Volunteer detachments shared the experience of volunteering. Specialists from the Center for Social Programs Rusal held a round table, where participants discussed the possibility of disseminating social design technologies, organizing partner activities in rural areas.
RUSAL company holds a contest of social projects. In 10 cities of the program, small grants contests took place. The competition received 172 applications. In gg Bratsk, Kamensk-Uralsky, Krasnoyarsk, Sayanogorsk to finance the competition of social projects formed a consolidated budget. Participants in the contest were organizations that have a little experience of project activities. As a result, 49 projects received grants totaling 1,804,510 rubles. In Novokuznetsk and Bratsk, on the initiative of the Center for Social Programs, joint projects were organized together with local authorities and representatives of small businesses.
Established by the company "RUSAL" Corporate personal donation program attracts company employees to direct participation in charity, provides every simple and understandable mechanisms for personal voluntary assistance to children. From September 1, 2005, an automated personal donation program began to operate in RUSAL-UK. With its help, each employee of the management company can list funds for charitable purposes without leaving the workplace. For the period from September 1, 2005 to May 2007, employees donated from their earnings to charitable goals of 1,753,745 rubles. After additional funding from the company, under the terms of the program, RUSAL doubles every charitable fee - the total amount of donations amounted to 3,507,490 rubles. More than 150 people constantly participated in the personal donation program, or about 14% of all employees of the management company. This indicator corresponds to the practice of developed countries of the world, where in the charitable activities of companies are involved from 10 to 13% of those operating. In the days of special shares to collect funds in the program, up to 40% of the company's employees take part. Monthly transfer to charitable objectives amounted to 150-200 thousand rubles.
The company "RUSAL" for employees is carried out voluntary medical insurance (DMS) employees of all company plants. There is a company and wage increase program. Its implementation is impossible without increasing the motivation of each employee, productivity growth. The company's task is that in the coming years in the enterprises of Rusal, the level of wages has become one of the highest in the industry and in Russia, in order to work in Rusal, workers of the highest professionalism. There is a program to improve ecology, improved safety, sports and health programs, etc.
Consider the program of JSC RUSAL in the wage. In the formation of "Rusal", each enterprise became part of the company with his wage system, and was to go to some kind of general order. A competitive 10-level payment system was created, which is based on a flexible system of assessing the results of labor and the possibility of career growth. The main tasks in the development of the system were: the creation of an internal hierarchy of the company based on the universal position assessment system; Elimination of disproportion in wages in various professions and unification of requirements for similar posts within the company's enterprises.
The following criteria for post valuation were identified, developed differentiated on working, managers, specialists and employees: professional knowledge and experience; Managing people, the level of analytical thinking, independence in decision-making; the level of authority; Professional risk. Now not only vertical, but also horizontal career growth, i.e. Promotion for the position of the same name for a sufficiently long period of time. For example, a person works in good faith, increases the qualifications, stands up with initiatives, takes additional responsibility and performs the goals. Everything says that he deserves wages. But according to the previously unified tariff grid, it could be done, only increasing him in office or setting him any allowances. When introducing a new wage system, an employee can increase wages within the largest "plug" (horizontally) established by his position, taking into account its market value.
As a result of the introduction of a 10-level wage structure, the relative importance of all positions located in the staff of the enterprise became clear.
The workers have a real opportunity to increase their salary, because for each level of positions developed a "plug" - the minimum and maximum limits that allow you to more objectively assess the contribution of each employee into a general business result. A flexible approach to pay for labor will benefit as an employee who has an incentive to work better and receive more and an employer who will not need to complicate the system, introducing individual surcharges and surcharges.
The new system allows you to eliminate the battles that exist in the remuneration of employees of the main and auxiliary industries. There is an opportunity to increase the salary of the employee without increasing him in office.
Another plus is the possibility of career growth for specialists, managers and managers based on the results of the annual assessment of their activities.
Consider a program in the field of housing. In enterprises "Rusala", as well as in other enterprises of the country, there are well-known problems with housing - mainly with the improvement of housing conditions. In order to accelerate the solution of these issues, RUSAL company entered into an agreement with Sberbank of Russia on granting a loan at preferential rates on improving housing conditions. Many employees of RUSAL company made a desire to take advantage of this opportunity. For the organized solution of issues related to the possibility of extending the extension to the desired size, shop housing commissions were created in the divisions of the company's factories, which include preliminary work with applicants for credit and assistance in obtaining it. When lending to improving housing conditions, the working can also take an interest-free loan in the amount of up to 30% of the cost of housing at the factory. The statement indicates a specific amount of loan and loan, approximate duration of repayment of the loan and loan (maximum period of 15 years), an area actually occupied by a borrower.
The factory commission, after consideration of the documents, makes a decision on the issuance of a loan at a reduced interest rate and an interest-free loan, then these documents are sent to RUSAL. After agreeing to the company, lists from the factories are sent to the local branch of Sberbank of Russia. In the local branch, the applicant passes the interview and fills in the questionnaire. The branch holds agreement on the issuance of a loan at the level of the region. After receiving the coordination of the regional branch of Sberbank of Russia, the Bank lists money to the recipient's account for two to three days. Credit and leak target, you can only spend on housing.
Consider the program of JSC RUSAL in the field of medical insurance. RUSAL company has concluded a contract for voluntary medical insurance 15 Russian enterprises that are part of the holding, with the insurance company "Max". The insurance contract concluded for five years, suggests a standard package of medical services for all employees, and this is a total of more than 61 thousand people. In the future, the tasks of "Rusala" include medical insurance of workers and those enterprises that are located outside the Russian Federation. The choice of the insurer in the "RUSAL" was reacted with special responsibility. A tender was held among the eight largest insurers of Russia, the winner of the tender was Max.
The concept of "standard medical care package" includes: polyclinic service, dentistry, inpatient care, all preventive medical measures that employers are obliged to conduct enterprises where harmful working conditions exist, as well as rehabilitation and rehabilitation treatment for those who are shown.
Consider the program in the field of personnel development of RUSAL OJSC. The task of improving personnel qualifications is one of the most important for both the company "RUSAL" and for the personnel management service of anyone its factory. There is a fairly large number of courses of various directions and training forms. Modern and promising form of training is distance learning. Personnel interest in the system of DDO is constantly growing.
To achieve the level of the modern leader, it is necessary to develop the skills of effective human management - competence, including corporate, professionalism, effective communication, decision-making, motivation to achieve, leadership, management management, change management, strategic approach. Almost all courses contribute to the development of listed qualities. Among the available courses, designed for 5-6 training programs, aimed at improving human management skills.
There is training for directors in the directions and managers of the plant units. For directors in the directions and managers of SAZ units, a course was held on the topic "Personal Efficiency of the Manager". At the same time, 11 enterprise managers traded the skills of effective time management, planning, delegation of responsibility, decision-making, setting goals and their implementation. Previously was assessed by the leaders of the Assasstence-Center method, which made it possible to determine individual development programs.
Based on this data, a course of six training on
different topics. Training is carried out coaches of the Moscow company BEST-training. The effectiveness of trainings is high. If a person analyzed, missed everything that he learned, he applies information received during training in his daily work. In addition, the participants are issued a material containing theses on the topic.
ethical Social Responsibility Management
Conclusion
Based on the analysis, we will make conclusions for work.
The new paradigm of management demanded the revision of the principles of management, since the old ceases "work" in the conditions of entrepreneurial structures. In the 90s, ethics in business is announced by the Golden Management Rule. Business Ethics is a scientific discipline that studies the application of ethical principles in business situations. Ethics of business is engaged in the following issues: relationship between corporate and universal ethics, business social responsibility problem, issues of application of general ethical principles to specific decision-making situations, ways to increase the ethical level of the organization, the influence of religious and cultural values \u200b\u200bon economic behavior and some others. Business Ethics is a study of the compliance of the moral norms of the human activity and the objectives of the business organization. Business ethics are divided into macroetics and microetics. Under macroetics it is understood as the part of the ethics of a business, which considers the specifics of moral relations between both the macroships of the social and economic structure of society: corporations, the state and society as a whole and its parts; Under micro-ethics - the study of the specifics of moral relations within the corporation, between the corporation as a moral subject and its employees, as well as shares holders. The ethics of management is a category present in all other categories of management as a filter that does not miss anything unworthy, non-profit, non-religious management practices, both at the level of a separate manager, and at the level of the organization as a whole.
Ethics of business relationships in the organization is a system of universal and specific moral requirements and norms of behavior implemented in professional activities. It includes: ethical assessment of the internal and foreign policy of the organization; moral principles of members of the organization; moral climate in the organization; Norms of business etiquette.
The ethical characteristics of business Russian life are: semi-struck activity regulation; informal relationship; electoral ethics in business relationships; use of power methods; independence and policies; creation of "teams" and centralization of management functions; technocratism and paternalism of the leadership; workolism; increased risk leaning and diversification activities; high degree of adaptability and speed of reaction; Restrained attitude to charity. To stop the development of negative trends is possible under the following conditions: the improvement of economic legislation, the improvement of the socio-political situation, as well as the targeted development of a system of practical measures to form a proper business culture of domestic manufacturers.
Under corporate social responsibility is a model of the strategic behavior of corporations, in which the program of socially responsible initiatives are being developed and are being implemented directly in the field of economic activity, as well as in environmental and social spheres. Social responsibility is a concept that reflects the voluntary decision of companies to participate in improving society and environmental protection. Some countries have already turned corporate social responsibility in an open and very effective government policy tool. The principles of social responsibility are not always carried out by Russian business, but under pressure from the public they gradually begin to enter into the practice of its activities. In Russia, the process of developing corporate social responsibility is at the initial stage and occurs in the face of the state positions of the state, the extremely weak development of civil society institutions, the oligarchic development of the business and the rules of the interaction of these institutions, the role of individuals and the measures of their participation in social development are only formed. Currently, in Russia on social responsibility policies and strategies for participation in society, mostly large national companies and divisions of international companies are conceived. The most famous socially responsible companies are the largest Russian corporations - OJSC "MMC Norilsk Nickel", OJSC Aeroflot, OAO LUKOIL, RUSAL company, OAO Severstal, Sistema, Gazprom and others.
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LUKOIL -URL:
RUSAL -URL:
Attachment 1
Procter & Gamble Corporate Code
Declaration of company goals.
Compliance with the company's laws and rules of business ethics and behavior.
Ethical principles.
Policy regarding conflict of interest.
Confidential or company owned information.
Behavior in the workplace.
Bribery for commercial purposes.
Labor safety, health and environmental protection.
Honesty in relations with customers and suppliers.
Reliability of the company's accounting documentation.
Government as a customer.
Relationships with civil servants.
Appendix 2.
Table 1. Modern business interaction principles and society
|
Principles |
Types of business actions |
Violations of business principles |
Society Reaction on Business Action |
|
Consciousness of public missions |
The definition of flexible goals: why there is a firm what business should be engaged in how we will provide buyers today and in the future. Justification of a high mission by developing an appropriate set of values \u200b\u200bof the company |
Deviations from general goals. Lobbying your interests in government and management. Pressure on the government and state officials. Excessive political impact of a business that defends the interests of the industries, not society |
The loyal attitude of society to business in the coincidence of their interests. The unfavorable attitude of society to business in violating the public interests (when harming) |
|
Customer orientation |
Establishment, maintenance and satisfaction of consumer requests and customers, as the firm is an organization for all. Creation of beneficial and healthy and desired goods for buyers. Informing customers about their rights. Improving the quality and standards of people's lives. Feedback for non-qualitative goods from trade |
Introduction to the delusion of buyers. Lying advertising with bait. Imposing poor-quality and unsafe goods to buyers through agents. Low level of customer service. Excessive markups on vintage goods firm |
Requirements for the restriction of harmful consequences in the activities of the company. State restriction of the company's activities in adverse effects on the buyer. Organization of the Public Movement on Consumer Protection |
|
Maintain value merchant |
Guarantees of the quality and safety of goods and services. Adding new products and seizure of old. Reflection of truths on the packaging and labeling of goods on the quality and timing of the suitability of goods. Ensuring the specified parameters of goods. Information about the introduction of new materials in the product to reduce the price |
The use of scarce natural resources on the packaging of goods. Excessive packaging cost. Sale of goods on a dumping or fixed price. Election discounts and charges for various buyers. Agreement on the forced assortment of goods. Environmental pollution and reduced product quality |
Legislative and Administrative Impact on Clamps through state and public regulatory organizations |
|
NOVATORSKY MARKETING |
Creation of goods with the benefits that the buyer is waiting and not a single competitor can be submitted. Expansion of the firm through the development of new tosaries. Complete customer satisfaction. Ensuring consumer rights to information and their protection against dubious and fake goods |
Fraudual overestimation of prices. Theft of professional secrets. Exceptional dealerships at agreed territories. Maintaining the shortage of socio-needed goods. Artificial stimulation of passion to the publicism through advertising. Transferring large costs of production and advertising for buyers |
Using the right of self-defense of buyers through the media, government, judicial authorities and public organizations in accordance with the existing legislative acts of the state |
|
Socio-ethical business responsibility to Society L. .. |
Introduction of the norms of respectable behavior of firms in the market. Establishing hard rules for all market participants without exception to anyone. Protection of patent rights of chestsubects. Using advertising appeals to customers without cheating. Satisfying the material and spiritual needs of personnel firms. Ensuring security, mutual respect and honor of personnel of firms, shareholders and competitors |
Amoral, immoral behavior of hozsubjects for obtaining momentary gain. Pollution of the environment and subsoil. Offer bribes to customers and state officials. Destruction of competitors and weakening competition. Predatory competition and the creation of barriers to entering the market of new firms |
Organization of movement for environmental protection. Appeal of the population in court, state and public controlling bodies for the protection of life and health of people, the environment and subsoil |
Appendix 3.
Social Code of OJSC "LUKOIL"
Open Joint-Stock Company "LUKOIL Oil Company" is a responsible corporate member of society and a conscientious member of the market economy. Combining two these missions of LUKOIL OJSC (hereinafter referred to as the Company) voluntarily and in initiative, the following obligations under socially responsible behavior before all parties whose interests affect the activity of the company.
The implementation of these obligations (deadlines for the introduction, financing volumes, etc.) is carried out during collective bargaining with the company's professional trade and enshrines the agreement between the company and the professional acts, as well as in local regulations.
The principles and norms incorporated in this Social Code are mandatory for the company, its subsidiaries and non-profit organizations controlled by it (hereinafter - the LUKOIL group). By accepting the Social Code, the company confirms that these obligations:
are mainly additional in relation to the legislation of the Russian Federation and international standards;
do not cancel and do not replace the results of collective bargaining with employees; facing both employees who are non-working retirees of organizations of the LUKOIL Group, shareholders of the company, and, more broadly, to commercial partners, the state and civil society;
based on the economic calculation confirmed in the face of shareholders and business partners;
designed for solidarial initiative actions of market participants and partnerships with the state and society;
it will be periodically revised during collective negotiations on the conclusion of the agreement between the company and the professionalization, with the subsequent approval of the necessary changes at the meeting of the Board of Directors of the Company.
The company will take all measures to fulfill its obligations contained in this Social Code, regardless of the developing economic situation in the country and in the world.
Part I. Corporate social guarantees by workers and non-working pensioners of the organizations of the LUKOIL Group
Observing the fundamental principles and rights in the field of labor, other international labor standards, labor legislation of the Russian Federation and the countries of stay, the company sets higher social benchmarks in the following areas:
1. Socially responsible regulation of labor issues, employment and production relations
1.1. Socially responsible restructuring
1.2. Given the extent of the employment of the population in the organizations of the LUKOIL group and the mono-produce nature of many areas of their activities, the company undertakes to approach socially responsible for restructuring its divisions and controlled organizations, as well as to delocalize production.
1.3. With the mass release of employees, in addition to complying with legislative norms, the company will strive:
take all measures to make the highest possible employment of employees released in the organizations of the LUKOIL group;
together with the federal and regional government bodies, take measures to mitigate the effects of delocalizing production for the regional labor market, including advanced information about the plans of the organizations of the LUKOIL group to reduce jobs, financing the retraining of employees, the creation of new jobs;
to participate in the implementation of programs for the relocation of workers and their families to other regions in the event of a production closure in mono-produce settlements, including applying corporate mortgage lending mechanisms.
1.2. Labor payment and motivation policy
Given the fundamental nature of the policies of payment and motivation of labor in relations with employees, the company will build it on the following principles:
unity of the policies of payment and motivation of labor for all organizations of the LUKOIL group;
the establishment of a minimally guaranteed level of remuneration in the organizations of the LUKOIL group for all professional qualification groups of workers at a level exceeding the legally established minimum wage, based on the need to meet basic life needs and providing certain disposable income;
"Transparency", objectivity and competitiveness of the payment system and motivation of workers;
regular wage indexing based on the consumer price index;
periodic increase in wages due to the growth of labor productivity;
the use of flexible bonding systems in order to fully account for the individual employment contribution of the employee.
1.3. Industrial safety, occupational safety and environment
Given the strategic goal of the company to maintain industrial safety, labor protection and the environment in all divisions and controlled organizations at the level of advanced oil companies in the world, the company takes the following measures:
complies with the principle of priority to preserve the life and health of the employee in relation to the results of production activities;
ensures the fulfillment of the obligations set forth in the corporate policy in the field of industrial safety, labor protection and the environment in the XXI century;
creates and maintains a local regulatory framework, organizational structure and mechanisms for financing the industrial safety management system, ecology and labor protection based on constantly improved norms and standards;
creates favorable opportunities for public control;
constantly reveals and explores the sources of danger and harm to the health and life of people associated with the production of organizations of the LUKOIL group, and is making measures to eliminate or mitigate their action;
uses advanced technologies and management methods to reduce waste generation, minimizing adverse environmental impacts and preserving natural resources;
constantly improving the tools of production, based on the world experience in the development and implementation of safe technologies and equipment;
complies with the priority of preventive measures for environmental protection at all stages of the production cycle;
in a timely manner informs all interested parties on cases of pollution, oil spills and petroleum products;
takes measures to a consistent reduction in the number of emissions, discharge of pollutants and waste, reduce their toxicity, regardless of the dynamics of production volumes through the use of modern environmental technologies, equipment, materials and management methods;
controls compliance with contractors leading work for organizations of the LUKOIL Group, principles and regulations in the field of industrial safety, labor and environmental protection, not lower than those provided in the company;
supports an open dialogue with all stakeholders, including a critical public, and regularly publicly informs about the results of the company's environmental protection.
The company consistently tends to ensure:
safe and ergonomic organization of all jobs in the organizations of the LUKOIL group;
functional and high-quality special clothing and shoes of all workers employed in production;
pure drinking water of employees of the LUKOIL Group organizations at all workplaces and in the Watch settlements;
necessary sanitary and hygienic and household conditions at workplaces;
the possibility of obtaining high-quality hot nutrition workers at all objects of the LUKOIL group.
1.4. Social policy for young workers
Given that the potential for the sustainable development of organizations of the LUKOIL group depends on the influx of qualified and competent young workers, the company constantly conducts a policy aimed at:
creating jobs for young workers;
the combination of work duties of young workers with the possibility of continuing education, advanced training and professional development;
assistance in providing housing for young workers and their families;
development of material assistance programs when moving and arranging a young worker and his family at a new place of work in the organizations of the LUKOIL group.
2. Quality of working conditions and life of workers and their families
Recognizing the responsibility for the creation of decent working conditions and the lives of workers and their families, the company is undertaking initiative actions, first of all, in the following areas:
2.1. Health protection
In order to preserve and strengthen the physical and psychological health of each employee, the company holds the following job:
provides funding for measures aimed at protecting the health of employees;
ensures the development and implementation of corporate regulations on the organization of medical care at the production of employees of the LUKOIL Group organizations, guided by Russian legislation and international health standards;
organizes accounting and analysis of the incidence of workers, the causes of disability and mortality in the organizations of the LUKOIL group;
ensures monitoring of the working conditions and health of employees of the LUKOIL Group organizations to assess the professional risks of damage to health;
according to the results of periodic medical examinations and incidence analysis, long-term and annual programs for the prevention of general incidence and improvement of employees, including preventive vaccination and sanatorium-resort treatment;
organizes regular preventive inspections of workers;
allocates targets to ensure sanatorium-resort treatment of workers;
he carries out control over the target and specialized protection of the rights of pregnant women, nursing mothers, large mothers, as well as women of reproductive age working in the organizations of the LUKOIL group in harmful and dangerous conditions.
Promoting the development and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle, company:
develops and implements comprehensive programs to improve and involve in physical education and sports of workers and members of their families living in difficult climatic conditions;
conducts physical recovery work and develops mass sports among employees and members of their families, providing them with access to sports infrastructure, organizing training and competitions;
creates the opportunity to employees to acquire subsidiaries at the expense of the Group "LUKOIL" of vouchers for sanatorium-resort treatment for themselves and family members;
contributes to the organization of summer recreation of children of workers, carrying out partial compensation for the cost of vouchers and / or travel;
organizes the leisure of employees and their families at the corporate level;
conducts systematic propaganda of a healthy lifestyle and preventive medical measures among employees using corporate media.
2.3. Housing policy
Given the severity of the problem with the provision of housing and the economic inefficiency of its decision completely at the expense of the employer's funds, the company will build housing policies based on the following principles:
ensuring the personnel mobility of employees of the organizations of the LUKOIL group;
ensuring comfortable living conditions for workers in hostels and watch settlements;
ensuring and availability of housing lending for each employee of the organization of the LUKOIL group;
organization of a system of corporate long-term mortgage housing lending on the principles of self-sufficiency, without distracting funds from the production turnover of the LUKOIL Group of Organizations;
protection of the interests of the employee within the corporate mortgage system from negative macroeconomic factors;
ensuring the return of issued mortgage loans under guarantee of individual employee savings in corporate insurance systems;
the use of the possibilities of mortgage lending in the resettlement programs from the regions of the Far North and non-prospective regions of non-working pensioners of the organizations of the LUKOIL Group and their families, subject to legal support for the return of mortgage loans issued.
3. Harmonious combination of labor and family duties
Recognizing the importance for the human life harmonization of labor and family duties and following in its practice the standards of the Convention of the International Labor Organization N 156 (employees with family responsibilities), the company assumes the following additional obligations:
3.1. Additional days of rest and vacation
In addition to the norms of labor legislation, the Company provides:
a monthly additional paid day of recreation Day to employees of the organizations of the LUKOIL group, located outside the regions of the Far North and equivalent locality; Additional paid vacation with large mothers;
short-term holidays both paid and without salary salary, due to family circumstances.
3.2. Social support for families with children and disabled
Given the fact that the salary does not depend on the number of dependents in the family, the company provides employees with the following cash payments and compensation:
one-time allowance at birth (adoption) of the child;
monthly allowance to the employee (mother or father), which is on leave to care for the child until they reach the age of 3 years;
annual material assistance to employees who have disabled children under 18;
compensation for low-income families having three or more minor children, as well as for children of workers who died or lost workability in the production, the cost of maintaining children in preschool institutions and in health camps;
partial compensation for the cost of vouchers in the sanatorium and children's wellness centers to disabled children and orphans for employees of the LUKOIL Group organizations.
4. Corporate Social Security and Insurance
Observing obligations to participate in state social insurance systems and ensure all employees with mandatory social protection, the company supports and develops additional corporate social insurance and social security in the following forms:
4.1. Voluntary medical insurance
Corporate voluntary medical insurance is aimed at improving the availability, scope and quality of medical care, services and services provided by employees of the Group "LUKOIL" and is built on the following principles:
following the provisions of the adopted corporate health standard of health;
financing of the Voluntary Medical Insurance Program;
ensuring permanent private control of the quality of medical care in order to protect the interests and rights of workers in a medical facility.
4.2. Non-state pension provision
The long-term goal of non-state pension provision of employees of the organizations of the LUKOIL Group in the corporate retirement system is to increase the level of compensation for lost earnings. The company believes that the cost-effective way to achieve this goal should be based on the implementation of the following principles:
preservation and development of a unified system of non-state pension provision of employees of the organizations of the LUKOIL group at the expense of the employer;
creating conditions for the development of the equity participation of the employee in the formation of their own pension savings;
the implementation of the gradual transition from the current unified system of non-state pension provision with established payments to the system with established contributions, meaning the linking of the amount of pension with the amount of contributions made on the terms of equity participation;
guaranteeing the safety and multiplication of pension savings;
the admissibility of the use of pension savings was previously the onset of pension grounds solely for the purpose of guaranteeing the return of borrowed funds in the framework of corporate mortgage lending.
4.3. Corporate Personal Insurance System
Personal insurance of workers is developing in a corporate level in order to expand the access of workers to the services of insurance and increasing the level of security of their families in case of misfortunes. The company develops and maintains at least the following types of personal insurance at the corporate level:
additional personal insurance against industrial accidents; Insurance against critical diseases; Life insurance in case of death for any reason. All types of personal insurance within the framework of the corporate system can be carried out with the equity participation of the employee in their financing, with the exception of additional insurance against industrial accidents, the financing of which is carried out at the expense of the employer's funds.
The company provides employees also gratuitous information and consulting services to expand their insurance coverage and protect their interests in the insurance services market.
5. Social support for people with disabilities and non-working pensioners of organizations of the LUKOIL Group
Given the socially vulnerable position of persons receiving public retirement, and the relatively low level of pension payments at the initial stage of development of the corporate retirement system, the company is pursuing a policy aimed at social support for non-working pensioners of the LUKOIL Group organizations:
5.1. Social support for non-working retirees
In order to facilitate the preservation of the living standards of employees of the LUKOIL Group, who retire in a complex transition period, the Company assumes obligations: to pay a one-time allowance to a retirement employee;
provide regular material assistance to non-working pensioners who do not receive a non-state pension from the organizations of the LUKOIL group;
to maintain the rights to participate non-working pensioners in the corporate voluntary health insurance system.
5.2. Social support for accidents affected by industrial and occupational diseases
In an effort to social and labor rehabilitation of workers who have disabled due to an accident at the production or professional disease during work in the organizations of the LUKOIL Group, the company is in initiative to provide them:
complete compensation for special medical care and annual sanatorium-resort treatment;
material and organizational support for prosthetics abroad in the absence of an opportunity for this in the host country.
5.3. Social support for non-working persons with disabilities
The company assumes the following additional obligations on social support for persons with disabilities who have disabled during work in the LUKOIL Group organizations and leaving employment:
preservation of the right to participate in the corporate voluntary health insurance system;
providing vouchers for sanatorium-resort treatment with partial compensation for their value.
Part II. Socially responsible participation of the company in the life of society
Aware of the new social responsibility of the business in the context of the growing inequalities of the population in access to decent work and benefits, the company adopts voluntary obligations on socially responsible participation in the life of the local population in the regions of the organizations of the LUKOIL Group and society as a whole.
1. Development of mono-produce settlements
Taking into account the fact that the largest organizations of the oil-producing sector of the LUKOIL group are city-forming in areas of their activities, the company builds its activities on the following principles:
mutually beneficial cooperation with regional authorities and municipal authorities for the benefit of the socio-economic development of the territory;
development of compensation activities of oil-producing organizations of the LUKOIL group as subsoil users;
socially responsible behavior both in the person of employees of the LUKOIL Group organizations and the local population as a whole.
Developing production facilities in areas and creating high-quality working and living conditions for its employees, the company is ready to take part in the repair, reconstruction of social and cultural facilities for the needs of the population of areas.
2. Environmental activity
The company, being a major subsoil user, is aware of its responsibility to the Company to preserve a favorable environment, the rational use of natural resources, and also expects to understand the complexity of the complexity and the scale of tasks facing the company in this area, for which:
performs periodic informing and supports an open dialogue with all interested parties in the company's activities in the field of industrial and environmental safety, publishes reports on its activities, on the results of environmental impact assessment, personnel and population;
encourages an understanding of health and environmental issues among shareholders, partners and the population living in areas of organizations of the LUKOIL Group.
3. Development of science, education, technology and innovation
Realizing that the competitiveness of the company depends on the scientific approach to the development of natural resources, the development of the scientific and technical base for the development of new technologies and materials, the quality of vocational training of workers, the company constantly promotes the development of scientific potential and improve the quality of education by:
financing research and development and industrial work in the field of exploration and development of hydrocarbon deposits, developing innovative technologies and materials, reducing the cost of production, improving the environmental safety of production and in many other areas of the oil and gas industry;
providing financial support to specialized regional educational and research programs and projects;
strengthening the material and technical base of specialized educational institutions of vocational education and educational units of organizations of the LUKOIL group;
organization of teaching scientific and technical developments among young scientists and specialists;
providing organizational and material support by graduate students and doctoral students working in the organizations of the LUKOIL group;
material incentives for young people studying in profile educational institutions of vocational education.
4. Preservation of national cultural identity
Highly appreciating the additional features that the company gives the richest national and cultural diversity of its employees and the population living in the areas of organizations of the LUKOIL Group, the company builds its work with personnel and local population on the following principles:
preservation and maintenance of traditions of national tolerance and benevolence of the most characteristic of the multinational oil industry;
creation of conditions for the preservation of national and cultural traditions, values, arts and crafts in the areas of the organizations of the LUKOIL Group;
respect for religious beliefs of workers and the local population and assistance in the revival of national religious shrines;
promoting indigenous peoples in access to vocational training, qualified workplaces, higher education, as well as to the best leisure and recovery conditions. To this end, the company takes, as far as possible, the following steps:
partial compensation for the value of summer recreation recreation of children of workers - representatives of small indigenous peoples, including travel to the place of recreation and back;
payment of training of students-representatives of small indigenous peoples in universities in the field of oil and gas profile;
assistance in the restoration of national historical monuments;
assistance in the restoration and construction of cult facilities of various religions in the areas of the organizations of the LUKOIL group of organizations;
providing material and organizational support to the teams of folk creativity, children's creativity houses and other organizations developing folk arts and crafts;
assistance in organizing competitions, festivals, concerts of folk art;
assistance in organizing souvenirs trafficking, folk art products, traditional fishery products in large cities in order to material support for small business among indigenous peoples.
5. Support for culture and sports
Realizing the fundamental role of patronage and sponsorship for the development of culture and sports in the conditions of a market economy, the company seeks the possibilities for providing material support:
creative personalities and teams, theaters, museums;
sports teams of various levels - from yard to national teams;
public organizations supporting children's sports.
6. Promoting social groups and public associations in need of support
Recognizing the need to form a mature civil society as an active and independent side in the negotiations between the state, business and society, the company, as far as possible, provides material and organizational support:
public organizations of veterans in order to support the social group in a complex material situation in the conservation of a market economy;
public associations of veterans and / or family members of military personnel who participated in military conflicts or in the course of law enforcement;
public organizations of persons with disabilities in order to create a medium for the full vital activity of people with limited physical abilities;
public associations and their initiatives in favor of orphans, street children, refugee children;
public associations of refugees.
7. Charitable company and employees
Recognizing the incredit value of charitable activities in any society and the special need of some organizations and people in a complex transition period, the company uses available opportunities to provide charitable assistance:
individuals - refugees, labor veterans, disabled children, orphans, the families of the dead soldiers and officers, the families of employees of organizations of the LUKOIL group who died in production, and many others;
state budget organizations of the social orientation, founded in a difficult situation - hospitals, orphanages, nursing homes, educational institutions and institutions of science and culture;
religious and charitable organizations. One of the priorities of its charitable activities, the Company considers care for orphans.
Funds for charity come from both the organizations of the LUKOIL group and from personal funds of workers.
Part III. Economic Fundamental Social Initiatives
Being a conscientious participant in free competition and an effective owner, the company assumes the cost-effective social and ethical obligations that intend to perform using the following economic sources and mechanisms:
1. Implementation of continuous monitoring of social spending
The company provides in its organizational structure a unified centralized accounting system, analysis and monitoring of the Company's social costs in order to continuously monitor social spending, conducting their socio-economic expertise and forecast the consequences of all changes in this area.
1.1. Control mechanisms for corporate retirement expenses
Control over corporate retirement costs is carried out at three levels:
from the participants of the Pension Program (employees and pensioners) - as of pension accounts and on the basis of the participation of representatives of employees in the Supervisory Board of the Pension Fund and the Commission on the Organization of Non-State Pension Support;
on behalf of shareholders - according to the results of financial statements and audit conclusions; In the system of state supervision - according to the results of the financial and special reporting of the company and the Pension Fund, auditing inspections and inspections of the relevant state bodies, as well as on the results of the actuarial assessment of the Pension Fund and the company's pension program.
1.2. Control over health care consumption in the corporate health care system
In order to curb the unjustified growth of expenses for medical care workers and pensioners under the Voluntary Medical Insurance Program Company:
carries out through the insurance medical company, which interacts, three-stage expert controls of volumes, timing and quality of medical care provided, including medical and economic expertise of medical institutions, planned and targeted medical care reviews, as well as examination as part of work on the protection of the rights of insured workers and pensioners of the organizations of the LUKOIL group;
it requires an insurance medical company with which interacts, when coordinating the amount of funding, the provision of a report containing an analysis of the consumption of medical services by the insured employees and pensioners of the LUKOIL Group organizations.
2. Optimization of the content of social infrastructure
The company recognizes the fact that the social infrastructure that does not relate to the main production may be on the balance sheet of a commercial enterprise only in the case of the urgent need to fill the imperfections of the private and public sectors in this area or in this industry. In this regard, in solving issues on the content of social and domestic and other non-production facilities, the company uses the following approaches with local conditions:
2.1. Forms of participation in the content of social objects
The company seeks:
to transfer to the balance of municipalities of existing or newly built social infrastructure facilities wherever the object's profile can be preserved, the level of personnel access and the local population to the services and the proper maintenance of the object can be guaranteed;
to preserve the LUKOIL Group of Social Infrastructure on the balance sheet, which are in demand by employees and members of their families, fill the infrastructure or range of services in this area, or in other ways to increase the security of the interests, rights and means of workers;
to ensure the priority in the provision of services to employees and retirees of organizations of the LUKOIL Group on the part of the treatment and health facilities on their balance sheet;
the flexible use of the equity participation of the organizations of the LUKOIL Group in the repair, reconstruction, construction and content of social infrastructure facilities, including equity participation in property.
3. Improving the efficiency of social services production
Following current trends in the management of production and respecting the freedom of individual selection of the consumer, the company seeks to minimize the production of social and other services and goods that do not relate to the main production. To this end, the company uses the following approaches:
3.1. Outsourcing of social services manufacturers on a competitive basis
The company is committed to the widespread use of outsourcing to meet many social needs of personnel, attracting independent contractors and suppliers based on honest competing. The company is aware that outsourcing:
reduces the internal costs of the organizations of the LUKOIL group;
retains the level of security of interests, rights and means of workers in the service market; expands the possibilities of freedom of choice for the consumer; promotes the development of the local market for services and goods;
promotes the improvement in the ratio of the price-quality with the help of fair competition. The company also realizes that the use of outsourcing is limited by regions with the developed services markets, which requires maintaining the production of social services in many remote areas of the organizations of the LUKOIL Group's organizations on their own or even carrying out insourcing to restore equal access of workers to corporate social guarantees.
4. Implementation of the principles of co-financing
The company recognizes the fact that the combination of various sources of financing for the production of social benefits creates a healthy framework for the dialogue of equal parties, an independent responsibility of the employee, mutually beneficial cooperation with the state. In this regard, the company develops the following types of co-financing:
4.1. Participation of employees in corporate social insurance and provision
Employee's insurance fee into a corporate insurance system or to ensure equal or lesser share compared to the employer's contribution:
strengthens the position of employees in the insurance issues;
legitimizes the essence of the insurance premium as a deferred wage;
increases the predictability of payments for the employee;
enhances the independent responsibility of employees;
all other things being equal in terms of insurance provision.
To this end, the company organizes a systematic transition to joint financing with employees:
corporate retirement and
corporate personal insurance.
4.2. Joint payments of workers, members of their families and the local population for the use of the social infrastructure of the organizations of the LUKOIL Group
The LUKOIL Group organizations can establish a different level of payment for services provided at the objects of their social infrastructure, for workers, members of their families and the local population. This approach allows:
show care for employees of the LUKOIL Group organizations;
establish control over the consumption of services;
reduce the costs of organizations of the LUKOIL group on the maintenance of objects;
ensure continuous development and expansion of the range of services. Payment by the local population of the services provided should be established at a level that does not impede access to the social infrastructure of the LUKOIL Group organizations, especially in areas where it fills the missing municipal infrastructure.
4.3. Long-term housing lending (mortgage)
In order to expand the possibilities of solving the most acute and capital-intensive social problem - the provision of workers and their families with decent housing conditions - the company is committed to the development of the most cost-effective tool - long-term mortgage housing lending.
The development and practical implementation of this type of lending within the corporate system allows:
increase the attractiveness of labor in the organizations of the LUKOIL group;
abandon the content on the balance sheet of the residential fund;
give a new impetus to resettlement programs from non-prospective areas;
do not distract funds from the production turnover of the LUKOIL Group of Organizations;
achieve the required level of confidence between the borrower and the lender;
control and influence the loan repayment process;
attract investment in regional housing construction.
4.4. Participation in the programs of socio-economic development provided for by municipal, regional and federal budgets
In their relations with federal, regional authorities and local government bodies, the company seeks to partner cooperation for the benefit of the integrated socio-economic development of the regions of the organizations of the LUKOIL Group and the creation of a favorable business climate. Given the diversity of geographical, socio-economic, demographic and other living conditions in the regions of the organizations of the LUKOIL Group, the company is committed to a flexible approach to finding co-financing opportunities, complicity, division of responsibility with the state and local governments during the socio-economic development of the regions. To this end, the company uses the following features:
participation in social programs of the federal, regional and municipal levels concerning, above all, monopular (oil and gas) settlements, non-prospective regions, regions with severe climatic conditions;
economic methods - placement of orders to local suppliers and manufacturers, coordination of fuel supply and fuel and lubricants, participation in the development of transport infrastructure by building a gas station and much more;
providing access to the local population to the social and consumer infrastructure of organizations of the LUKOIL group;
implementation of charitable activities.
5. Multiplication of intangible assets
The company recognizes the fact that in the modern world the socially responsible behavior in the person of workers and society as a whole, ultimately serves as an increase in the company's capitalization. In this regard, many social spending the company considers both investments in intangible assets and seeks to comply with the highest standards in the following areas, strictly estimated by the public:
5.1. Socially responsible investment
By investing in securities and material production, the company, not undermining the economic essence of this operation, seeks to take into account ethical and social aspects. The company strives to ensure that the investment makes it helped:
improving the social security of employees;
building a more equitable and sustainable economy;
preservation of the natural environment;
reducing inequality between people. The company is committed to the necessary awareness and caution in order to resist the enhancement and use of capital originating for the use of forced labor, child labor, drug distribution, causing damage to the health of people and the environment.
5.2. Social aspects of business reputation
The company expresses the conviction that the social aspect is becoming increasingly important for business reputation and supports the dissemination of this trend in the business world.
The company seeks to ensure that its symbolism and trademarks are associated with the widest public with socially responsible behavior in general and specific social initiatives and projects, in particular.
5.3. Socially responsible relations with contractors and suppliers
Conducting that modern standards of relations between business and society require a response from the company for the actions of their suppliers and contractors, the company responsibly comes up to their choice.
The modern scale and the branching of economic relationships require in this connection from the company of a special accounting, selection and monitoring system, which the company undertakes to develop. At the same time, the main criteria for choosing suppliers and contractors include:
compliance with the fundamental principles and rights in the field of labor adopted by the International Labor Organization, as well as the International Standard "Social Responsibility 8000";
effective policies in the field of industrial safety and environmental protection.
Final provisions
In confirmation of the sustainability and seriousness of the obligations of socially responsible behavior, the Company puts into force the mechanism of internal control of both the managerial and trade union, for compliance with this Social Code. The company also confirms its readiness for various types of external control by the Company, including participation in views, competitions of both government and public, as well as the organization of intercom areas with a critical public, which has morally to demand a dialogue with the company. Conducting that one-sided adoption of social obligations of a commercial enterprise in a competitive environment is impossible, the company is counting on the solidarity position of other market participants and interested cooperation from the state.
Appendix 4.
Code of Corporate Ethics Rusala
Mission Rusala
Our mission is to become the most efficient aluminum company in the world, which we can be proud of our children.
Through the success of Rusal - to the prosperity of each of us and society.
Values \u200b\u200bRusala
In our company, we especially appreciate:
· Respect for the personal rights and interests of our employees, customer requirements, the conditions of interaction, nominated by business partners, society.
· Justice, involving wages in accordance with the results achieved and equal conditions for professional growth.
· Honesty in relations and the provision of information necessary for our work.
· Efficiency as a stable achievement of maximum results in everything we do.
· The courage is to resist that we are not acceptable, as well as take personal responsibility for the consequences of our own decisions.
· Care that manifested in our desire to protect people from any harm for their lives and health and keep the environment surrounding us.
· Confidence in employees, allowing to delegate authority and responsibility for making decisions and their implementation.
Following our values, we will be able to support such corporate culture, which is necessary to achieve the highest level in all our business aspirations.
Our values \u200b\u200bare reflected in our successes, are mandatory for us and are offered to everyone who cooperates with us. We do not retreat from our values \u200b\u200bfor the sake of profit. We perceive them as a binder of all areas of our activity and expect the same in relationship with our business partners.
Ethical principles and standards of Rusala
Ethical principles and standards of Rusala are based on the values \u200b\u200bof the company, respect for the norms of law and compliance with laws. They regulate internal and external relations; use of company resources; Behavior in situations related to the emergence of conflict of interest. These principles are valid for each company OK RUSAL, as well as members of the Board of Directors and employees of each company as part of OK RUSAL.
External relations
Relationships with investors, customers, business partners, competitors. All our relations are built on the basis of the principles of partnership and mutual respect. Honest business management is the basis for all of our transactions and relationships.
We always fulfill our obligations and expect commitments from our partners.
We are interested in the sustainable development of our business and business of our partners.
We strive for long-term and mutually beneficial cooperation and believe that relations with business partners based on respect, trust, honesty and justice, are paramount to our success.
We focus on customer needs and guarantee high quality of our products and services, stability and predictability.
The company adopted a system for processing appeals and proposals, which helps to understand in those situations where our high standards are questioned.
We value our reputation, strictly observe the rules and rules of business ethics and rights.
We assume that our business partners also support high ethics standards. Agents, representatives and consultants of the company must confirm their willingness to act according to the company's adopted policies and procedures and not violate our principles and values. If possible, we facilitate the adoption of our values \u200b\u200band principles of companies in which we invest our funds.
We compete honestly. We do not accept and do not produce illegal payments to whatever form. We do not use unethical or unfair ways of impact on our partners or competitors, as we do not resort to threats to their use.
We undertake to fully comply with laws and regulations regarding the fight against the legalization of illegally received funds. We are conducting business with those clients and business partners who have a good reputation and are engaged in legal entrepreneurial activities whose financial resources come from legal sources. By establishing relations with the new business partner, we carry out the appropriate check in order to make sure that these criteria comply.
We provide complete support for external company auditors.
Managers and employees of the company always provide reliable financial information to external auditors of the company conducting an audit or assessment of financial indicators. None of the managers or employees of the company makes direct or indirect actions that may affect, mislead or deceive external auditors of the company.
B. Relationship with society. We consider social investment as the most important element of the sustainable development of countries and regions in which our production activities are being conducted. Multilateral dialogue with local communities is a mandatory element of the company's social activity at all its stages.
We develop and support local social initiatives aimed at improving the quality of people's lives in the regions of the company's presence.
We welcome the participation of employees and members of their families in the company's social initiatives and create the necessary conditions for this.
We provide equal opportunities to participate in our social programs and apply transparent social financing mechanisms that suggest competitive selection of projects and clear criteria for their assessment. Information about our social programs is open to each participant.
B. Relationship with state authorities. We strive to build and maintain healthy, constructive and open, excluding conflicts of interests, relationships with government agencies, officials and other representatives of state power on a legal basis:
We do not take attempts to influence a dishonest way to make decisions by state authorities or officials.
We follow all the laws and requirements applied to our activities in each country of the company's presence, as well as a special guidelines. We are faithful both the letter and the essence of these laws and guidelines.
We are in a timely and fully pay taxes.
The company does not accept any direct nor indirect participation in political movements or organizations.
Employees can take part in the political activities that they consider necessary, at their personal time and in their own expense. The company will not carry out any remuneration or compensation for this activity or its costs either directly nor indirectly.
We provide complete and reliable data on the activities of the company and are willing to provide decoding of all company performance indicators. None of the employees will never even consider the possibility of incorrect provision of facts or distortion of information.
In cases where disclosure of information on the company's activities in various reports and documents provided by it in the instance by monitoring securities, or in any other documents for wide use, we guarantee accuracy, objectivity, relevance, timeliness and accuracy of this information .
Gifts and representative expenses. Gifts, services and executive expenses can be provided at the expense of the company or adopted from a competitor, an individual or a company that has business relations with a company or seeking to create such only, provided that they satisfy all the following criteria:
· They correspond to the adopted business practice and do not violate the legislates or ethics standards.
· Their cost is insignificant
· They cannot be interpreted as bribery in the interests of the donor
· Disclosure of the facts of such gifts or services will not put the company or its employee in an uncomfortable position.
The company undertakes to carry out its activities without the use of bribes or corruption. We do not allow cash payments or making money or gifts in cash or equivalent to it in relations with competitors or business partners. Company employees should not require, exercise, offer or make such payments or gifts in cash or equivalent to it.
Internal relationship
This section presents the standards of the relationship between the company and employees, the requirements for employees, the obligations and expectations of the company. The company appreciates its employees - it is their activity that is the key to its success - and expects high standards of business behavior and professional achievements from them.
Wherever we work, we work for a general result.
We respect the personal freedom, the rights and dignity of a person, treat employees with confidence and provide each equal opportunity. We do not allow any forms of discrimination or oppression in the workplace and behavior, which would be considered as an offensive and unacceptable for most people.
The company always fulfills its obligations to employees, and employees comply with their obligations to the company and in front of each other.
The company does not use child labor and forced labor, even if it is permitted by law in those regions where the company operates.
We welcome the leadership as the ability to make decisions at all levels. The necessary powers are delegated to each employee, from each of which is expected to accept personal responsibility for performing the tasks.
We expect the initiative and the maximum contribution of each of us into solving the tasks facing the company, and appreciate teamwork, where each voice is heard.
We always communicate openly, clearly expressing our thoughts. We encourage any feedback that is significant for our work, and can apply to an offer to improve activities towards any company manager, right up to the Director General.
We strive to act in such a way that our relatives, personal, friendly, family-related attachments prevented the implementation of the principle of equal opportunities, did not limit us in making effective decisions and did not allow the disclosure of confidential information.
The company creates conditions for professional development of employees. Professional development is sent to improving the quality of work performed and achieving the goals.
We appreciate our employees and encourage them for success in work, based on achieving the goals of our business.
We take into account the cultural features of countries and regions of the company's presence when making decisions and carry out their activities.
RESOURCE USAGE
The company trusts employees and provides all the necessary resources. We use them rationally to achieve the goals.
We welcome the careful attitude towards property and means of the company.
We do not use our position in the company, funds, information and resources of the company for personal purposes. This is equally related to trading operations using the Company's internal information.
We strive to rationally use your working time and the time of our colleagues and business partners.
Information is provided to which it is necessary for work. Along with this, information should not be transmitted to those faces that it is not intended. All employees are responsible for the value and funds of the company, including confidential and patented company information and third parties (as well as customers, suppliers and other business partners), in respect of which the company is obliged to comply with the confidentiality condition and carry the obligations to its degree of use. All employees have the right to disclose this information only with the permission of its owners or in cases provided for by law.
Efficiency and profitability
The company will achieve its goal only, provided that each employee - from the CEO to the worker - will work effectively.
Each employee sets ambitious goals and does everything to surpass them.
Each employee participates in determining the objectives of its own activity in accordance with the interests of the Company, direct leaders are involved in determining the objectives of their subordinates.
Each employee needs to clearly understand their goals and their relationship with the objectives of its division and the entire company.
We are always ready for changes and new requirements of the external environment.
We are constantly improving the processes and methods of our work, fighting with an unreasonable bureaucracy, increasing productivity and efficiency.
We strive for the sequence in their decisions and actions.
We analyze the risks associated with our activities, and constantly minimize them.
We accept investment solutions based on proven and confirmed data, calculations of the payback period of investments and the expected rate of profit.
We are constantly looking for and use the ability to optimize the involvement of resources.
Our choice of suppliers and contractors is always built on the interests of the company, without any prejudice.
The company constantly increases the profit and cost of its business, focusing on the release of products that meet the needs of our customers, conquering new markets, increasing production capacity, introducing new technologies.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
None of the staff should resort directly or indirectly, to any personal loan or service from a physical or legal person who has business relations with a company or aspiring such relations. It does not apply to organizations offering similar loans or services during their usual activities.
We will avoid any relationship or actions that may interfere with the adoption of objective and honest decisions within our activities.
The Code does not try to describe all possible conflicts of interests that may arise. It should be resorted to any situation when a person's personal interest contradicts the interests of the company as a whole or when a person can be considered as a recipient of the illegal personal benefit due to his position in the company.
Health Protection, Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection
We appreciate the life of a person and his health above economic results and production achievements.
We maintain the behavior contributing to the improvement of the health of employees and their families. We are constantly developing educational, organizational and environmental activities to reduce risks associated our activities.
We do everything possible in order to achieve the lack of accidents, industrial injuries and environmental incidents.
We strive to fulfill officially adopted norms and requirements for health protection, industrial safety and environmental protection.
We develop and use resource-saving technologies and consistently reduce the impact on the environment and humans.
We are developing and improving the safety and ecology system.
Any company employee and every specialist who performs work on behalf of the company should:
· To know about the risks accompanying its activities and affect the safety of his life and health, as well as the life and health of others;
· Conscious personal responsibility for your life and health and life and health of others; a personal example of encouraging the safe behavior of their colleagues and contractors at work, as well as relatives and loved ones in everyday life;
· Comply with all the necessary safety standards and environmental requirements applicable to its activities, and understand the possible consequences of retreat from established environmental procedures;
· Improve personal effectiveness, initiate and apply advanced approaches to manage production and environmental risks;
· Economically use natural and energy resources, carefully refer to the environment, understanding its uniqueness and the need to preserve it for future generations.
Providing the terms of production, safe for life, health and the environment - Direct responsibility of managers at all levels of management
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
All employees must act in the interests of the company and avoid any conflicts of interest.
By fulfilling their job responsibilities, company managers and employees should be independent of the conflict of interest affecting the company or their personally.
The company expects employees to deal with suppliers, customers, contractors and other persons who have business relationships with the company, based solely on the interests of the company and its shareholders, without protection or preference to third parties, are based on personal considerations of employees.
None of the staff should resort directly or indirectly, to any personal loan or service from a physical or legal person who has business relations with a company or aspiring such relations. It does not apply to organizations offering similar loans or services during their usual activities.
The company expects employees without delay to report any conflicts of interest to their leaders.
In the event that the conflict of interest cannot be avoided, the staff must report on this conflict of interest to their leaders and in the future do not participate in decision-making on this issue.
If the conflict of interest arises or may arise from a member of the Board of Directors, he must immediately inform the Chairman of the Board of Directors or Chairman of the Corporate Governance and Appointment Committee. Members of the Board of Directors should abandon any discussion or decisions affecting their personal, business and professional interests. In cases of conflict situations that cannot be resolved, a member of the Board of Directors must leave their post.
Requirements for the inadmissibility of conflict of interest are applied as members of the Board of Directors, managers and employees of the company, and on their close relatives, if they are involved in situations related to conflict of interest. Under close relatives should be understood by spouses, children, parents, brothers and sisters, the parents of the spouse / spouses and those who are living with them.
We will avoid any relationship or actions that may interfere with the adoption of objective and honest decisions within our activities. The Code does not try to describe all possible conflicts of interests that may arise. It should be resorted to any situation when a person's personal interest contradicts the interests of the company as a whole or when a person can be considered as a recipient of the illegal personal benefit due to his position in the company.
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Definitions and comparison of concepts "Social Responsibility" and "Business Ethics"
Perhaps today it is difficult to find a more fashionable word in the environment of domestic entrepreneurs than "Ethics of Business", and at the very last time the word "social responsibility" was added to him. In this paragraph, I will try to figure out what they are indicated and what they differ.
As you know, there are universal ethics as a system of norms of moral behavior of people, their relationship to each other and to society as a whole. But along with this, in some areas of professional activity, its own specific ethics has been developed.
To begin with, we define the very concept of "Business Ethics", or "Business Ethics". Professor P.V. Malinovsky thus interprets this term:
"Business ethics in a broad sense is a combination of ethical principles and norms that should be guided by the activities of organizations and their members in the field of management and entrepreneurship. It covers the phenomena of various orders: an ethical assessment of both the internal and foreign policy of the organization as a whole; Moral principles of members of the organization, i.e. Professional moral; moral climate in the organization; samples of moral behavior; Romes of business etiquette - ritualized external behaviors "Ethics of business. A.N. Dyatlov, M.V. Plotnikov: Federal Educational Portal. URL: http://www.ecsocman.edu.ru/db/msg/203213.html (Date of handling: 03/15/09).
Thus, business ethics is one of the types of professional ethics - these are ethics of people working in the field of entrepreneurship. When they talk about ethics of business of any companies, they mean the ethical foundations of the business implemented through managers. Under the business culture of the company means intra-profit traditions and rituals; common values \u200b\u200bshared by its employees; Communication system, including informal relationship; Well-established methods of business practices and organization of work. The company's business culture is closely related to the ethical principles of the business, which are its integral elements.
Thus, you can come to the conclusion that business ethics is a system of general principles and rules for the behavior of entrepreneurial activities, their communication and style of work manifested in micro and macro levels of market relations. The basis of business ethics is the doctrine of the role of morality and morality in business relations, which reflect the material conditions of society.
Business Ethics is also a system of knowledge about labor and professional morality, its history and practice. This is a system of knowledge about how people are accustomed to treat their work, what's the point they give her, what place in their lives it takes how the relationships between people in the process of work, as inclinations and ideals of people provide effective work, and which - which are prevented his.
Business ethics regulates, inspires and at the same time limits the actions of entities of entrepreneurial activity, minimizing intragroup contradictions, subordinating individual interests group. Makeeva V.G. Entrepreneurship culture: studies. Manual for universities in economy. specialist. - M.: Infra-M, 2002.c.154.
There are several concepts of her concepts. For example, economic ethics (or entrepreneurial ethics) is engaged in the question of which moral norms or ideals may be significance for entrepreneurs in the contemporary market economy, Khomann K., Blade-Dresa F. Economic and Entrepreneurial Ethics // Political and Economic Ethics M. , 2001.S.89 ..
Entrepreneurial ethics Timatizes moral relations and arrived in managing entrepreneurs and is issued as moral norms and ideals can be implemented by entrepreneurs in the context of the modern economy.
The purpose of entrepreneurial activity is to maximize profits.
The principles of ethics of business relations are a generalized expression of moral demands developed in the moral consciousness of the Company, which indicate the necessary behavior of the participants in business relations. Kibanov A.Ya., Zakharov D.K., Konovalova V.G. Ethics of business relationships. M., 2002. P. 21
In general, business ethics can be defined as a scientific discipline that studies the application of ethical principles to business situations. The most relevant issue in business ethics is the question of relationships between corporate and universal ethics, social responsibility of business, the appendix of general ethical principles to specific situations.
Ethics of business, in that part of it, which is considering the question of the compliance of the activities of the entrepreneur by the framework of the framework or the problem of the perfection of the most framework procedure, the degree of responsibility of the entrepreneur to society, etc., can be considered as part of social ethics.
Ethics of business, in that part of it, where the practical issues of the behavior of managers and managers are discussed, the relationship between employees of the company, the rights of consumer, moral standards and value conflicts is one of the types of professional ethics.
At the macro level, the ethics of business refers to the ethics of social order.
On the micro level is the doctrine of the goals, values \u200b\u200band rules of entrepreneurial activity.
So, modern business ethics is based on mutual agreement of the three most important provisions:
1. Creating material values \u200b\u200bin the entire variety forms is considered as an initially important process.
For this there is any enterprise.
2. Profit and other revenues are considered as the result of achieving various socially significant goals.
3. Priority in resolving problems arising in the business world should be given to the interests of interpersonal relations, and not the production of products. Kibanov, Zakharov, Konovalov. Ethics of business relations, M., 2003, p.8.
In turn, de George distinguishes the following levels of business analysis levels:
1. If we consider the ethics of business in the American context, it focus on the moral assessment of the economic system of American free entrepreneurship and its possible alternatives and modifications.
2. The second level of the analysis of ethics - and today it attracts close attention to himself - this is a study of a business inside the American free enterprise system.
3. The moral assessment of individuals and their actions in economic and commercial transactions in the framework of organized corporate activities forms the third level of business ethics.
4. Finally, since the business is becoming increasingly international and worldwide, the fourth level of analysis of its ethics is international and considers the activities of American and other transnational corporations.
Thus, I came to the final conclusion that business ethics covers five activities:
The first is the application of the principles of general ethics to specific situations or business methods.
The second type of her classes is a metaethics, which is engaged in the consistency of ethical concepts.
The third scope of studies of business ethics forms the analysis of its initial parcels - both actually moral and parcels based on moral positions.
Fourth, inclusive external problems sometimes force business ethics researchers to go beyond the ethics and contact other sections of philosophy and other sectors of science, for example, to the economy or organization theory.
The fifth lies in the characteristics of morally commendable and exemplary actions, both separate business people and specific firms.
In conclusion, I would like to identify the value of business ethics in the modern world. So, business ethics can help people:
· To consider moral problems in business systemically and more reliable methods than they could do this without taking our science;
· She can help them discern such problems that they in their daily practice would not notice;
· She may also encourage them to introduce the changes that they without it will not think to enter.
In my opinion, it is very important that the concept of "business ethics" is applicable both to a separate manager or entrepreneur and the company as a whole. And if for a businessman she means his professional ethics, then for the company it is a certain code of honor underlying its activities. The basic principles of business ethics include, first of all, such traditional values \u200b\u200bdeveloped for a long history of global entrepreneurship, as respect for the law, honesty, loyalty to the word and concluded contract, reliability and mutual trust. The relatively new principle of modern business ethics is the principle of social responsibility, which seriously began to think in the west of just a couple of decades ago, and in Russia - not at all so long ago. All these principles must underlie all types of business relationships.
In order for the behavior of the company to be recognized socially responsible, i.e. Ethical in a modern understanding, not only to fulfill the laws or be honest with consumers or with business partners. If legal responsibility is the norms and rules of conduct defined in the legislative procedure, then social responsibility (also called corporate social responsibility, responsible business and corporate social opportunities) means following the spirit, and not the letter of the law, or the fulfillment of such rules that have not yet entered Legislation either exceed the requirements of legislation.
The generally accepted definition of social responsibility of business in international practice does not exist, which gives reason to understand the term "social responsibility of the business" to everyone in his own way.
The social responsibility of the business is also understood by charity, and patronage, and corporate social responsibility, and socio-marketing programs, and sponsorship, and philanthropy, etc.
Summarizing can be said that the social responsibility of business is the impact of a business on society, the responsibility of those who accept business solutions, before those who directly or indirectly these solutions affect.
This definition of social responsibility of the business is rather perfect, and cannot be fully implemented in validity if only because it is simply impossible to calculate all the consequences of one decision. But, in my opinion, the social responsibility of the business is not a rule, but an ethical principle that should be involved in the decision-making process.
Thus, it can be concluded that the concepts of "business ethics" and "social responsibility" correlate as common ethical foundations of a business with a private principle.
At the beginning of the twentieth century The first attempts to show social responsibility in business can be called charitable activities. For example, John D. Rockefeller donated $ 550 million for various charitable goals and founded the Rockefeller Foundation. Head of the American Corporation Sears Robert E. Wood in 1936. He spoke about social obligations that cannot be expressed mathematically, but can be considered, nevertheless, which are of paramount importance. He meant the influence that society has an organization operating in a market economy. One of the first Western entrepreneurs of Sears acknowledged the "multi-layerness of the general public", which the company serves, allocating not only such a group as shareholders, relations with which were traditionally important for any company, but also consumers, workers themselves and local communities. He was also a supporter of solving social problems from not only the state, but also the management of corporations. At the same time, Sears admitted that it is quite difficult to quantify the costs and benefits of social responsibility for society. His views did not receive extensive support, in particular, because in the 30s. Xx in. - Years of the Great Depression - before all the sections of the Company stood an urgent issue of survival, and from business, first of all arrived.
The controversial motives associated with the concept of social responsibility of the business will be discussed in the second chapter of my work.
So, some entrepreneurs believed that wealth obliges, i.e. It will be necessary to share them with their neighbors, and spent large funds for charity, as aimed, including on their employees. For example, George Cadbury, the founder of the company with the same name for the production of food, paid various benefits at the beginning of the last century to its employees (for example, by ability to capacity). This was done by William Lever, the founder of the world-famous Unilever company.
Entrepreneurs who were engaged in charitable activities actually became the founders of the idea of \u200b\u200bthe individual charity and business responsibility.
Perhaps today it is difficult to find a more fashionable word in the environment of domestic entrepreneurs than "ethics of business", and at the very last time the word "social responsibility" was added to him. In this paragraph, I will try to figure out what they are indicated and what they differ.
As you know, there are universal ethics as a system of norms of moral behavior of people, their relationship to each other and to society as a whole. But along with this, in some areas of professional activity, its own specific ethics has been developed.
To begin with, we define the very concept of "business ethics", or "business ethics". Professor P.V. Malinovsky thus interprets this term:
"Business ethics in a broad sense is a combination of ethical principles and standards that should be guided by the activities of organizations and their members in the field of management and entrepreneurship. It covers the phenomena of various orders: an ethical assessment of both the internal and foreign policy of the organization as a whole; moral principles of members Organizations, i.e. professional moral; moral climate in the organization; samples of moral behavior; the norms of business etiquette - ritualized external norms of behavior. "
Thus, business ethics is one of the types of professional ethics - these are ethics of people working in the field of entrepreneurship. When they talk about ethics of business of any companies, they mean the ethical foundations of the business implemented through managers. Under the business culture of the company means intra-profit traditions and rituals; common values \u200b\u200bshared by its employees; Communication system, including informal relationship; Well-established methods of business practices and organization of work. The company's business culture is closely related to the ethical principles of the business, which are its integral elements.
Thus, you can come to the conclusion that business ethics is a system of general principles and rules for the behavior of business entrepreneurship, their communication and style of work manifested in micro and macro levels of market relations. The basis of business ethics is the doctrine of the role of morality and morality in business relations, which reflect the material conditions of society.
Business Ethics is also a system of knowledge about labor and professional morality, its history and practice. This is a system of knowledge about how people are accustomed to treat their work, what's the point they give her, what place in their lives it takes how the relationships between people in the process of work, as inclinations and ideals of people provide effective work, and which - which are prevented his.
Business ethics regulates, inspires and at the same time limits the actions of entities of entrepreneurial activity, minimizing intragroup contradictions, subordinating individual interests group.
There are several concepts of her concepts. For example, economic ethics (or entrepreneurial ethics) is engaged in the question of which moral norms or ideals may be significance for entrepreneurs in a modern market economy.
Entrepreneurial ethics themed relations of morality and arrived in the management of entrepreneurs and is engaged in a question as moral norms and ideals can be implemented by entrepreneurs in the context of the modern economy.
The purpose of entrepreneurial activity is to maximize profits.
The principles of ethics of business relations are a generalized expression of moral demands developed in the moral consciousness of the Company, which indicate the necessary behavior of the participants in business relations.
In general, business ethics can be defined as a scientific discipline that studies the application of ethical principles to business situations. The most relevant issue in business ethics is the question of relationships between corporate and universal ethics, social responsibility of business, the appendix of general ethical principles to specific situations.
Ethics of business, in that part of it, which is considering the question of the compliance of the activities of the entrepreneur by the framework of the framework or the problem of the perfection of the most framework procedure, the degree of responsibility of the entrepreneur to society, etc., can be considered as part of social ethics.
Ethics of business, in that part of it, where the practical issues of the behavior of managers and managers are discussed, the relationship between employees of the company, the rights of consumer, moral standards and value conflicts is one of the types of professional ethics.
At the macro level, the ethics of business refers to the ethics of social order.
On the micro level is the doctrine of the goals, values \u200b\u200band rules of entrepreneurial activity.
So, modern business ethics is based on mutual agreement of the three most important provisions:
1. Creating material values \u200b\u200bin the entire variety forms is considered as an initially important process.
For this there is any enterprise.
- 2. Profit and other revenues are considered as the result of achieving various socially significant goals.
- 3. Priority in resolving problems arising in the business world should be given to the interests of interpersonal relations, and not the production of products.
In turn, de George distinguishes the following levels of business analysis levels:
- 1. If we consider the ethics of business in the American context, it focus on the moral assessment of the economic system of American free entrepreneurship and its possible alternatives and modifications.
- 2. The second level of the analysis of ethics - and today it attracts close attention to himself - this is a study of a business inside the American free enterprise system.
- 3. The moral assessment of individuals and their actions in economic and commercial transactions in the framework of organized corporate activities forms the third level of business ethics.
- 4. Finally, since the business is becoming increasingly international and worldwide, the fourth level of analysis of its ethics is international and considers the activities of American and other transnational corporations.
Thus, I came to the final conclusion that business ethics covers five activities:
The first is the application of the principles of general ethics to specific situations or business methods.
The second type of her classes is a metaethics, which is engaged in the consistency of ethical concepts.
The third scope of studies of business ethics forms the analysis of its initial parcels - both actually moral and parcels based on moral positions.
Fourth, inclusive external problems sometimes force business ethics researchers to go beyond the ethics and contact other sections of philosophy and other sectors of science, for example, to the economy or organization theory.
The fifth lies in the characteristics of morally commendable and exemplary actions, both separate business people and specific firms.
In conclusion, I would like to identify the value of business ethics in the modern world. So, business ethics can help people:
ethics Business Social Responsibility
consider moral problems in business systemically and more reliable methods than they could do this without using our science;
she can help them discern such problems that they in their daily practice would not notice;
she may also encourage them to introduce the changes that they without it will not think to enter.
In my opinion, it is very important that the concept of "business ethics" is applicable both to a separate manager or entrepreneur and the company as a whole. And if for a businessman she means his professional ethics, then for the company it is a certain code of honor underlying its activities. The basic principles of business ethics include, first of all, such traditional values \u200b\u200bdeveloped for a long history of global entrepreneurship, as respect for the law, honesty, loyalty to the word and concluded contract, reliability and mutual trust. The relatively new principle of modern business ethics is the principle of social responsibility, which seriously began to think in the west of just a couple of decades ago, and in Russia - not at all so long ago. All these principles must underlie all types of business relationships.
In order for the behavior of the company to be recognized socially responsible, i.e. Ethical in a modern understanding, not only to fulfill the laws or be honest with consumers or with business partners. If legal responsibility is the norms and rules of conduct defined in the legislative procedure, then social responsibility (also called corporate social responsibility, responsible business and corporate social opportunities) means following the spirit, and not the letter of the law, or the fulfillment of such rules that have not yet entered Legislation either exceed the requirements of legislation.
The generally accepted definition of social responsibility of business in international practice does not exist, which gives reason to understand the term "social responsibility of the business" to each in its own way.
The social responsibility of the business is also understood by charity, and patronage, and corporate social responsibility, and socio-marketing programs, and sponsorship, and philanthropy, etc.
Summarizing can be said that the social responsibility of business is the impact of a business on society, the responsibility of those who accept business solutions, before those who directly or indirectly these solutions affect.
This definition of social responsibility of the business is rather perfect, and cannot be fully implemented in validity if only because it is simply impossible to calculate all the consequences of one decision. But, in my opinion, the social responsibility of the business is not a rule, but an ethical principle that should be involved in the decision-making process.
Thus, it can be concluded that the concepts of "business ethics" and "social responsibility" correlate as common ethical foundations of a business with a private principle.
At the beginning of the twentieth century The first attempts to show social responsibility in business can be called charitable activities. For example, John D. Rockefeller donated $ 550 million for various charitable goals and founded the Rockefeller Foundation. Head of the American Corporation Sears Robert E. Wood in 1936. He spoke about social obligations that cannot be expressed mathematically, but can be considered, nevertheless, which are of paramount importance. He meant the influence that society has an organization operating in a market economy. One of the first Western sears entrepreneurs recognized the "multi-layerness of the general public", which the company serves, allocating not only such a group as shareholders, relations with which were traditionally important for any company, but also consumers, workers themselves and local communities. He was also a supporter of solving social problems from not only the state, but also the management of corporations. At the same time, Sears admitted that it is quite difficult to quantify the costs and benefits of social responsibility for society. His views did not receive extensive support, in particular, because in the 30s. Xx in. - Years of the Great Depression - before all the sections of the Company stood an urgent issue of survival, and from business, first of all arrived.
The controversial motives associated with the concept of social responsibility of the business will be discussed in the second chapter of my work.
So, some entrepreneurs believed that wealth obliges, i.e. It will be necessary to share them with their neighbors, and spent large funds for charity, as aimed, including on their employees. For example, George Cadbury, the founder of the company with the same name for the production of food, paid various benefits at the beginning of the last century to its employees (for example, by ability to capacity). This was done by William Lever, the founder of the world-famous Unilever company.
Entrepreneurs who were engaged in charitable activities actually became the founders of the idea of \u200b\u200bthe individual charity and business responsibility.
Ethics of business
Business ethics as an applied knowledge of knowledge was formed in the United States and in Western Europe in the 1970s of the 20th century. However, the moral aspects of the business attracted researchers in the 60s. The scientific community and the business world came to the conclusion about the need to increase the "ethical consciousness" of professional businessmen during business operations, as well as the "responsibility of corporations to society". Particular attention was paid to the increasing cases of corruption both among government bureaucracy and among those responsible persons of various corporations. A certain role in the establishment of ethics of business as a scientific discipline played the famous "Watergate", in which the most prominent representatives of the Presidential Administration R. Nixon were involved. By the beginning of the 1980s, most business schools in the United States, as well as some universities included business ethics in their training programs. Currently, the course of business ethics includes the curricula of some universities in Russia.
In ethics of business, there were three main approaches to the moral problems of business based on three ethical areas: utilitarianism, deautic ethics (debt ethics) and "Ethics of justice". Presented in the works of American scientists M. Valasquez, J. Rolza, L. Nash, they can be reduced to the following.
The direct link between ethics with life practice is well traced in the sphere of so-called professional ethics, which is a system of moral requirements for human professional activity. One of the types of professional ethics is ethics of business relationships. It originated relatively late on the basis of the overall labor morality. In turn, the main place in the ethics of business relations occupies ethics of business (entrepreneurship). It includes ethics of management (management ethics), ethics of business communication, ethics of behavior, etc.
Business - initiative economic activity carried out both at the expense of its own and borrowed funds to their risk and responsibility, the purpose of which is the formation and development of its own business for profit and solving the social problems of the entrepreneur, a labor collective, society as a whole.
Ethics of business is a business ethics based on honesty, openness, loyalty to this word, the ability to effectively function in the market in accordance with applicable laws established by the rules and traditions.
Business ethics problems have as long as the entrepreneurship. However, they acquired a special sharpness in our time when the market has changed a lot, the most severe competition has become cruel. Now all over the world, the issues of ethics of business relations are widely studied, serve as a subject of scientific discussions and forums, are studied in many higher and secondary educational institutions that provide training for the labor market.
Ethics value in business
Experts believe that the concept of "business ethics" has entered a massive use of relatively recently - as a result of the process of globalization of the economy, increasing the number of firms and increase their responsibility to society. Nevertheless, the basic principles of ethics that are now possible to apply in the field of business, thousands of years ago were formulated. Another Ancient Roman philosopher Cicero limited himself to the statement that a big profit was made in great deception. However, today this axiom sounds more and more controversy. A civilized economy formed in developed countries requires an entrepreneurs of a civilized approach to doing business. In fact, the goal of their activities remained the same, but a weighty reservation appeared: a big profit, but not by any means.
Ethics in modern understanding becomes a certain additional resource of the enterprise. For example, in such a question, as the management of personnel, in the context of global competition is not enough only to the use of economic, financial incentives. To keep the company at the level of modern information and communication technologies, the company needs to learn how to influence staff with the help of cultural and moral values. The increasing role of these values \u200b\u200balso play in relationships with partners, clients, intermediaries, finally, with the Society itself.
Attempts to link moral and ethical criteria and business practices in the field of international business are undertaken constantly. Despite the disadvantages of existing ethical prescriptions for business representatives, every year more and more organizations are trying, sometimes in their own will, and sometimes - as a result of pressure from the outside, to create their own rules for doing business.
The principles of international business are the world ethical standard, in accordance with which you can build and evaluate the behavior in the field of international business.
Honesty, decency and reliability - the most appreciated worldwide and in Russia the principles of business ethics, since following these principles creates the basis of effective business relations - mutual trust.
Mutual trust is the most important moral and psychological factor of business, which ensures the predictability of business relations, confidence in the obligation of a business partner and the stability of the joint business.
Corporately social responsibility
The topic of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is one of the most discussed in the business world. This is due to the fact that the role of business in the development of society has noticeably increased, the requirements for openness in the business sphere increased. Many companies clearly realized that they were successfully operating in an isolated space, it was impossible. Therefore, the integration of the principle of corporate social responsibility to the business development strategy becomes a characteristic feature of leading domestic companies.
The modern world lives in conditions of acute social problems and in this regard, the social responsibility of business - enterprises and organizations related to the development, manufacturing and supply of products and services, trade, finance, since they have basic financial and material resources to work for Solutions facing the world of social problems. Understanding the leaders of the business of their key value and the leading role in such a work led to birth at the end of the 20th century the concept of "corporate social responsibility", which became the most important part of the concept of sustainable development of not only business, but also humanity as a whole.
In world practice, there is a well-minded understanding that such corporate social responsibility is. Organizations that operate in this area determine this concept in different ways.
"Business for social responsibility": Corporate social responsibility means achieving commercial success in ways that value ethical principles and respect people, communities and the environment.
"International Forum of Business-Leaders": Corporate Social Responsibility is understood as the promotion of the practice of responsible businesses that benefit business and society and contribute to social, economic and environmentally sustainable development by maximizing the positive impact of business on society and minimizing negative.
"World Business Council for Sustainable Development": defines corporate social responsibility as a business commitment to contribute to sustainable economic development, labor relations with employees, their families, the local community and society as a whole to improve their quality of life.
Social responsibility of business is a multi-level character.
The basic level implies the following obligations: timely payment of taxes, paying wages, if possible, the provision of new jobs (expansion of the workers' state).
The second level involves providing employees with adequate conditions not only work, but also of life: raising the qualifications of workers, preventive treatment, housing construction, social development. This type of responsibility is conditionally named "Corporate Responsibility".
The third, highest level of responsibility, according to the participants of the dialogue, implies charitable activities.
The internal social responsibility of the business can be attributed:
- 1. Labor safety.
- 2. Salary stability.
- 3. Maintaining socially significant wages.
- 4. Additional medical and social insurance staff.
- 5. Development of human resources through training programs and training programs and advanced training.
- 6. Assisting employees in critical situations.
The external social responsibility of the business can be attributed:
- 1. Sponsorship and corporate charity.
- 2. Promotion of environmental protection.
- 3. Interaction with the local community and local government.
- 4. Readiness to participate in crisis situations.
- 5. Responsibility to consumers of goods and services (production of quality goods).
Business Social Responsibility Motives:
- 1. The development of own personnel allows not only to avoid personnel turnover, but also to attract the best specialists in the market.
- 2. Growth of labor productivity in the company.
- 3. Improving the company's image, reputation growth.
- 4. Advertising goods or services.
- 5. Lighting the company's activities in the media.
- 6. Stability and sustainability of the company's development in the long run.
- 7. The ability to attract investment capital for socially responsible companies is higher than for other companies.
- 8. Conservation of social stability in society as a whole.
- 9. Tax benefits.
Directions of social programs:
Good business practice is the direction of social programs of the company, which aims to facilitate the adoption and dissemination of conscientious business practices between suppliers, business partners and company clients.
Environmental activity and resource saving is the direction of social programs of the company, which is carried out on the initiative of the Company in order to reduce the harmful effects on the environment (programs for the economical consumption of natural resources, reuse and disposal of waste, preventing environmental pollution, organize an environmentally friendly production process, Organizations of environmentally friendly transportation).
The development of a local society is the direction of social programs of the company, which is carried out on a voluntary basis and is intended to contribute to the development of the local society (social programs and promotions of support for socially unprotected segments of the population, supporting childhood and junior, support for the preservation and development of housing and communal services and objects of cultural and historical importance, sponsoring local cultural, educational and sports organizations and events, support for social and significant research and campaigns, participation in charitable promotions).
The development of personnel is the direction of social programs of the company, which is held in the framework of the staff development strategy, in order to attract and hold talented employees (training and professional development, the application of motivational wage schemes, the provision of social package employees, creating conditions for recreation and leisure, maintenance internal communications in the organization, participation of employees in making management decisions).
Socially responsible restructuring is the direction of social programs of the company, which is intended to ensure the restructuring socially responsible manner, in the interests of the company's personnel.
Socially responsible investment - investment, which consists not only in the extraction of financial income, but also in the implementation of social goals, usually by investing in the company acting in compliance with ethical norms.
