Commemorative coin of the Bank of Russia dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of V.P. Glushko, silver, 2 rubles, 2008
Valentin Glushko on a Russian postage stamp
Valentin Petrovich Glushko(August 20 (September 2), Odessa - January 10, Moscow) - engineer, a prominent Soviet scientist in the field of rocket and space technology; one of the pioneers of rocket and space technology; the founder of the domestic liquid-propellant rocket engine.
Chief Designer of Space Systems (s), General Designer of the Energia-Buran reusable rocket and space complex, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (; Corresponding Member of the USSR), Full Member of the International Academy of Aeronautics, Member of the CPSU since 1956, Deputy of the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Soviet USSR of the 7-11th convocations from the Kalmyk ASSR, winner of the Lenin Prize, twice winner of the State Prize of the USSR, twice Hero of Socialist Labor (,).
Biography
On a ticket from the People's Commissariat for Education of the Ukrainian SSR, he goes to study at the Leningrad State University. In parallel with his studies, he works as a worker (first an optician, and then a mechanic) in the workshops of the V.I. PF Lesgaft, and in 1927 - a surveyor of the Main Geodetic Administration of Leningrad.
As thesis consisting of three parts, Glushko proposed a project for an interplanetary spacecraft "Helioraketoplan" with electric rocket engines. On April 18, 1929, the third part, devoted to the electric rocket engine, was handed over to the department under the Committee for Inventions.
Further career
Later, under the leadership of Glushko, powerful liquid-propellant rocket engines based on low-boiling and high-boiling fuels were developed, which are used in the first stages and in most of the second stages of Soviet carrier rockets and many combat missiles. An incomplete list includes: RD-107 and RD-108 for Vostok launch vehicles, RD-119 and RD-253 for Proton launch vehicles, RD-301, RD-170 for Energia (the most powerful LPRE in the world) and many other.
Criticism
Memories of Glushko
Two officers entered my office: I recognized the colonel at once - it was Valentin Petrovich Glushko, and the other - the lieutenant colonel - introduced himself briefly: “Liszt”. Both were not in tunics, riding breeches and boots, but in sturdy tunics and well-ironed trousers.
Glushko smiled a little and said: "Well, I think we have already met." So, I remembered the meeting in Khimki. Nikolai Pilyugin came in, and I introduced him as the chief engineer of the institute. He offered to sit down and have tea or "something stronger." But Glushko, without sitting down, apologized and said that he first asked for urgent car help:
We are driving from Nordhausen, the car pulls very badly and smokes a lot. In the cabin, we were suffocating from the smoke. They say you have good specialists in "reparations".
Nikolai Pilyugin went to the window and said:
Yes, she still smokes. Did you turn off the engine?
Don't worry. This burns out the brake pads of the handbrake. We drive from Nordhausen with the handbrake on.
Pilyugin and I were dumbfounded:
So why didn't you let him go?
You see, Valentin Petrovich made me a condition that if he was driving, I dare not suggest anything to him.
“A sharp conflict between Korolev and Glushko arose not without the help of Vasily Mishin, somewhere in the sixtieth year. But before that, from the time of their work at NII-3, then in Kazan, in Germany, when creating all missiles up to the "seven" inclusive, they were like-minded ...
Glushko has neither royal artistry, nor the talent of a commander. If not for his purposeful passion from a young age with rocket engines for interplanetary flights, he could have been a scientist, even a loner: an astronomer, chemist, radiophysicist, I do not know who else, but very enthusiastic. Having developed a new theory in great detail, he will not abandon his principles, he will defend them with all his passion.
In history, both of them were destined to become chief designers. Before that, they went through the school of "enemies of the people" together. This brought them closer together. However, in Kazan, Korolev, even a prisoner, found it difficult to recognize the power of the also prisoner chief designer Glushko. After liberation, both are sent to Germany at the same time. But Glushko - in the rank of colonel, and Korolev - in the rank of lieutenant colonel. Then Korolyov formally stands over Glushko. He is the chief chief designer, he is the technical director of all State Commissions, he is the head of the Council of chief designers. Korolev is power-hungry. Glushko is ambitious. When the Queen was buried, we left the House of Unions together. Glushko quite seriously said: "I am ready to die in a year if there is a similar funeral."
Glushko works sparingly, but dreams of fame, even posthumous. Korolyov also did not spare his strength, but he needed fame during his lifetime. "
Awards
- Hero of Socialist Labor (1956, 1961).
- Order of Lenin (1956, 1958, 1961, 1968, 1978).
- Jubilee Medal “For Valiant Labor. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin "(1970).
- Jubilee Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945." (1975).
- Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." (1985).
- Medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." (1945).
- USSR State Prize (1967, 1984).
- Gold medal to them. K.E. Tsiolkovsky, USSR Academy of Sciences (1958).
- Diploma to them. Paul Tissandier (FAI) (1967).
- Honorary Citizen of the city of Korolev.
In cinema
see also
Notes (edit)
Links
Glushko, Valentin Petrovich on the site "Heroes of the Country"
- Profile of Valentin Petrovich Glushko on the official website of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- "The last love of the fire god." Documentary. Roscosmos TV studio. (2008)
| Heroes of Socialist Labor | ||
|---|---|---|
| Soviet designers of rocket and space systems | ||
|---|---|---|
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- Buried at the Novodevichy cemetery
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Wikimedia Foundation Aviation Encyclopedia
Glushko Valentin Petrovich- VP Glushko Valentin Petrovich Glushko (1908-1989) - Soviet scientist in the field of rocket and space technology, one of the founders of Soviet cosmonautics, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1958; corresponding member since 1953), twice Hero of the Socialist ... ... Encyclopedia "Aviation"
- (1908 89) the founder of the domestic liquid-propellant rocket engine, one of the pioneers of rocket technology, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1958), twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1956, 1961). Designer of the world's first electrothermal ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (1908 1989), scientist in the field of rocket and space technology, academician (1958), Hero of Socialist Labor (1956, 1961). Graduated from Leningrad University (1929). He worked in the Gas-Dynamic Laboratory (GDL, 1929 33). From 1934 in Moscow to (1934 38) ... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)
Glushko, Valentin Petrovich- GLUSHKO / Valentin Petrovich (1908 1989) Soviet scientist and designer in the field of physical and technical problems of power engineering, the founder of the Soviet liquid-propellant rocket engine, one of the pioneers of rocket technology, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1958), ... ... Marine Biographical Dictionary
- [p 20.8 (2.9). 1908, Odessa], Soviet scientist in the field of physical and technical problems of power engineering, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1958; Corresponding Member 1953), twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1956, 1961). Member of the CPSU since 1956. In 1921 he began to take an interest in ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- (1908 1989) Soviet scientist in the field of rocket and space technology, one of the founders of Soviet cosmonautics, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1958; corresponding member since 1953), twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1956, 1961). After graduating from Leningrad ... ... Encyclopedia of technology
GLUSHKO Valentin Petrovich- (1906 1989) Soviet scientist in the field of rocket and space technology, one of the founders of Soviet cosmonautics, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1958; Corresponding Member since 1953), twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1956, 1961). After graduating from Leningrad ... ... Military encyclopedia
- [R. 20 Aug (2 Sept.) 1908] Sov. heat engineer, acad. (since 1958, corr. member since 1953). Member CPSU since 1956. works belong to various sections of heat engineering. Glushko, Valentin Petrovich Soviet scientist in the field of rocket ... Big biographical encyclopedia
Scientist, founder of the domestic liquid-propellant rocket engine
Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Twice Hero of Socialist Labor
Laureate of the Lenin and State Prizes of the USSR
Graduated from Leningrad State University(1929), Doctor of Technical Sciences (1957), Corresponding Member (1953), Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1958). Member of the International Academy of Astronautics.
From 1974 to 1977 - Director and General Designer of NPO Energia, from 1977 to 1989 - General Designer of NPO Energia, MOM USSR, Kaliningrad, Moscow Region.
Founder of a scientific school in the field of practical liquid-propellant rocket propulsion, a member of the first Council of Chief Designers.
Designer of the world's first electrothermal rocket engine (1928-1933), the first Soviet rocket engines ORM (1930-1931), a family of liquid-fueled RLA rockets (1932-1933), powerful rocket engines installed on almost all domestic rocket launchers, which put the first and subsequent satellites, spacecraft with Yu.A. Gagarin and other cosmonauts, provided flights to the Moon and the planets of the Solar System.
He supervised the development of the Salyut and Mir orbital complexes, the Energia-Buran rocket and space system, and a unified series of domestic launch vehicles. During the same period of time, under his leadership, the world's most powerful liquid-propellant rocket engines for Zenit and Energia launch vehicles were created.
As chairman of the Council of Chief Designers, he provided in 1974-1989. technical guidance and coordination of the work of enterprises and organizations of the country's rocket and space industry on projects developed with the leading role of NPO Energia.
He made a contribution to world science: his work on the creation of fundamental reference books on thermal constants, thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of various substances (from 1956 to 1982 - 40 books) are highly appreciated all over the world. Author of over 400 scientific papers, articles and inventions. He was the chairman and member of many scientific councils, was the chief editor of three editions of the encyclopedia "Cosmonautics" (1968, 1970, 1985). For several decades he headed the Scientific Council under the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the problem of "Liquid rocket fuel". He was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the V-XI-th convocations, a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (1976-1989).
Laureate of the Lenin (1957), State (1967, 1984) prizes of the USSR. Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1956, 1961). He was awarded the Orders of Lenin (1956, 1958, 1968, 1975, 1978), the October Revolution (1971), the Red Banner of Labor (1945), many medals, including the gold medal. K.E. Tsiolkovsky Academy of Sciences of the USSR No. 2 (1958). Monuments have been erected to him in Odessa and Moscow. His name was given to NPO Energomash, Khimki, Moscow region. A crater on the moon is named after him. A commemorative bas-relief was installed on the territory of RSC Energia at the front entrance to the building where he worked. V.P. Glushko is an honorary citizen of the cities of Kazan, Kaluga, Leninsk, Odessa, Primorsk, Khimki, Elista.
In 1921 he began to take an interest in questions of cosmonautics, from 1923 he corresponded with K.E. Tsiolkovsky, from 1924 he published popular science and scientific work on astronautics. After completing his studies at Leningrad University (1925-1929) he worked at the Gas-Dynamic Laboratory (1929-1933), where in 1929 he formed a subdivision for the development of electric rocket engines, liquid-propellant rocket engines and liquid fuel missiles, which continued to work at the Jet Research Institute (Research Institute No. 3 NKOP ) (1934-1938) and reorganized into OKB-SD (1941), then called OKB-456 now NPO Energomash named after academician V.P. Glushko. 1941-74 chief designer. From 05/22/1974 to 01/10/1989 General Designer of NPO Energia.
First, he was sent to the Moscow Aviation Engine Plant in Tushino, where he was developing a project for an auxiliary LPRE installation on a twin-engine S-100 aircraft to force the aircraft's maneuvers, and then in 1941 to Kazan to continue work. Under the leadership of V.P. Glushko, for the period up to 1944, a family of auxiliary aviation liquid-propellant engines RD-1, RD-1KhZ, RD-2 and RD-3 was created with a pumping supply of nitric acid and kerosene, with adjustable thrust and maximum thrust at the ground from 300 up to 900 kg. These engines passed in 1943-1946. ground and flight tests on Pe-2R, La-7R and 120R, Yak-3, Su-6 and Su-7 aircraft. The RD-1KhZ and RD-2 engines passed state tests, reports on which were approved by I.V. Stalin.
The main works are devoted to theoretical and experimental research on critical issues creation and development of rocket engine and spacecraft. Designer of the world's first electrothermal rocket engine, the first domestic liquid-propellant rocket engines, liquid-propellant missiles RLA. LRE constructor: ORM, ORM-1 - ORM-70, -101, -102, RD-1 - RD-3, RD-100 - RD-103, RD-107 and RD-108 for Vostok LV, RD- 119 and RD-214 for the Proton LV, RD-301 and many others. others. Under his leadership, powerful liquid-propellant rocket engines on low-boiling and high-boiling fuels were developed, which are used not in the first stages and in most of the second stages of all Soviet launch vehicles, and many others. long-range combat missiles. In 1930, he proposed nitric acid, solutions of nitrogen tetroxide in nitric acid, tetranitmethane, hydrogen peroxide, perchloric acid, beryllium (with hydrogen and oxygen), gunpowder with beryllium, developed a profiled nozzle and thermal insulation of the combustion chamber with zirconium dioxide. In 1931 he proposed chemical ignition and self-igniting fuel, gimbal rocket engine for rocket flight control. In 1931-33 he developed units for supplying fuel to a liquid-propellant engine - piston, turbopump with centrifugal pumps, and many others. dr.
Gold medal to them. K.E. Tsiolkovsky Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1958), diploma named after V.I. Paul Tissandier (FAI) (1967). Member of the International Academy of Astronautics (1976). Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 7-11th convocations. Member of the CPSU Central Committee since 1976. USSR Lenin Prize (1957), USSR State Prize (1967, 1984). He was awarded 5 Orders of Lenin (1956, 1958, 1961, 1968, 1978), the Order of the October Revolution (1971), the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1945); medals: "In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Lenin" (For labor valor) (1970), "XXX years of the victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War" (1975), "40 years of the victory of the Soviet people in war "(1985)," For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War "(1945)," Veteran of Labor "(1984)," In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow "(1948).
Honorary Citizen of 8 cities. In Odessa, a bronze bust was installed on Primorsky Boulevard and a memorial plaque at 10 Olgievskaya Street, where he lived from 1921 to 1925. A memorial plaque was unveiled on the building of the Aviation Institute in Kazan. In 1994, by the decision of the International Astronautical Federation, a crater with a diameter of 43 kilometers on the reserved visible side of the Moon was named after him.
Books: "The problem of the exploitation of planets" (manuscript) 1924, Rockets, their device and application, Moscow - Leningrad, 1935 (with GE Langemak); Liquid fuel for jet engines, part 1, M., 1936; Rocket technology. Sat. articles, in. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, M. - L., 1937; "Sources of energy and their use in rocketry", M., Oborongiz, 1949; Rocket engines GDL-OKB, M., 1975, Path in rocket technology 1924-1946, selected works, M., Mashinostoenie, 1977; Development of rocketry and cosmonautics in the USSR, M., ed. 1st 1972, 2nd edition 1981, 3rd edition 1987, Encyclopedia "Cosmonautics", 1985 (chief editor), Handbook of thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of substances in 10 volumes (chief editor) ...
Encyclopedic reference
GLUSHKO Valentin Petrovich (b. September 2, 1908 - January 10, 1989); Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1958; Corresponding Member 1953), twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1956, 1961) ... scientific work on cosmonautics. After completing his studies at Leningrad University, he worked at the Gas-Dynamic Laboratory (1929-1933), where in 1929 he formed a subdivision for the development of electric rocket engines, liquid-propellant rocket engines and liquid fuel rockets, which continued to work at the Jet Research Institute (1934-38) and reorganized into the Design Bureau ( 1941), then called GDL-OKB (in 1941-74 chief designer). Since 1974 general designer. The main works are devoted to theoretical and experimental research on the most important issues of the creation and development of liquid-propellant rocket engines and spacecraft. Designer of the world's first electrothermal RD, the first domestic liquid-propellant rocket engines, liquid-propellant missiles RLA. LRE constructor: ORM, ORM-1 - ORM-70, -101, -102, RD-1 - RD-3, RD-100 - RD-103, RD-107 and RD-108 for Vostok LV, RD- 119 and RD-214 for the Cosmos launch vehicle: RD-253 for the Proton launch vehicle, RD-301 and much more. Under the leadership of Glushko, the power of liquid-propellant rocket engines using low-boiling and high-boiling fuels was developed, which are used in the first stages and most of the second stages of all modern launch vehicles and many long-range combat missiles. In 1930, he proposed nitric acid, solutions of nitrogen tetroxide in nitric acid, tetranitromethane, hydrogen peroxide, perchloric acid, beryllium (with hydrogen and oxygen), gunpowder with beryllium as fuel components for a liquid-propellant rocket engine, developed a profiled nozzle and thermal insulation of the combustion chamber with zirconium dioxide. In 1931 he proposed chemical ignition and self-igniting fuel, gimbal rocket engine for rocket flight control. In 1931-33 he developed units for supplying fuel to a liquid-propellant engine - piston, turbopump with centrifugal pumps, and much more. Gold medal to them. K.E. Tsiolkovsky Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1958), diploma named after V.I. Paul Tissandier (FAI). Member of the International Academy of Astronautics (1976). Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 7-11 convocations, ... Lenin Prize (1957), USSR State Prize (1967, 1984). He was awarded 5 Orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and medals. Honorary Citizen of the cities of Odessa, Kaluga, Elista and others. A bronze bust and a memorial plaque were installed in Odessa.
Encyclopedia of COSMONAUTICS, publishing house "Soviet Encyclopedia" 1985
Academician
Valentin Petrovich Glushko
Academician V.P. Glushko (1908-1989) - the founder of the domestic rocket engine building, one of the pioneers and creators of rocket and space technology.
Valentin Petrovich Glushko- an outstanding scientist in the field of rocket and space technology, one of the pioneers of astronautics, the founder of the domestic liquid-propellant rocket engine.
VP Glushko was born in Odessa on September 2, 1908. During his school years he was fond of astronomy and organized a circle of young amateurs at the Odessa Astronomical Observatory. The first publication of V.P. Glushko was called "The Conquest of the Moon by the Earth". The results of his observations of the meteor shower in January 1924, sketches of Venus, Mars and Jupiter, made from his own observations, were published in 1924 and 1925. in the publications of the Russian Society of Lovers of World Studies (ROML).
At the same time, V.P. Glushko became interested in the idea of space flights and from 1923 he corresponded with K.E. Tsiolkovsky.
V.P. Glushko during the years of work at the Reactive Research Institute (RNII). Moscow. 1934 year.
In 1925 he entered the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Leningrad University. The theme of the thesis was the project of an electric rocket engine (ERE). From 1929 to 1933 he worked in the Gas-Dynamic Laboratory (GDL) of the Military Research Committee under the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, where he formed a subdivision for the development of electric rocket engines, liquid-propellant rocket engines and liquid-fueled missiles. In 1931 - 1933. under the leadership of V.P. Glushko, the first domestic liquid-propellant rocket engines were developed - ORM (experimental jet engine). In 1933, the world's first Jet Research Institute (RNII) was organized. The division, led by V.P. Glushko, continued to work as part of the RNII, where the most significant result was the creation of an ORM-65 LPRE intended for the RP-318 rocket plane and the 212 cruise missile designed by S.P. Korolev.
ORM-65 is a liquid-propellant rocket engine created by V.P. Glushko in the 30s for installation on the RP-318 rocket plane and the 212 cruise missile designed by S.P. Korolev.
During the period of Stalinist repressions, V.P. Glushko was arrested on March 23, 1938 and, on the basis of a fabricated case by the NKVD, was sentenced to 8 years in camps (in 1939). In conclusion, V.P. Glushko worked on the creation of aircraft jet accelerators. For the successful completion of these works in 1944, V.P. Glushko and his employees were released with the removal of their convictions. V.P. Glushko was rehabilitated only in 1955.
In 1945 V.P. Glushko with a group of specialists was sent to Germany to get acquainted with the trophy rocketry... Beginning in 1947, a series of rocket engines of an original design was created in OKB-456 (in the city of Khimki near Moscow), led by V.P. Glushko.
The RD-107 and RD-108 engines, created at the V.P. Glushko design bureau, were installed on the first R-7 intercontinental rocket (1957), on launch vehicles that carried artificial satellites of the Earth and the Moon into orbits, launches automatic stations to the Moon, Venus and Mars, the launch of the manned spacecraft Vostok, Voskhod and Soyuz.
LPRE RD-108 - second stage engine of R-7 rocket and Vostok, Voskhod, Molniya, Soyuz carrier rockets. The RD-107 and RD-108 engines, created in the design bureau of V.P. Glushko, were installed on the first and second stages of these launch vehicles. They ensured the breakthrough of mankind into space and today they continue to contribute to the implementation of the Russian space program.
Engines of the new type RD-253, designed by V.P. Glushko, were installed on the first stage of the Proton launch vehicle, which has three times the carrying capacity of the Soyuz rocket.
V.P. Glushko with cosmonauts Yu.A. Gagarin and P.R. Popovich in his study. 1963 year.
V.P. Glushko with cosmonauts Yu.A. Gagarin and P.R. Popovich in his study. 1963 year.
The RD-253 LPRE, created in the design bureau of V.P. Glushko, is the engine of the first stage of the Proton launch vehicle.
Launch vehicle "Proton" at the launch site of the cosmodrome.
With the help of the Proton rocket in the second half of the 60s and in the 70s, heavy research satellites of the Earth and automatic stations for exploration of the Moon, Venus and Mars were launched, including a flyby of the Moon with the return of the spacecraft to Earth, delivery from Lunar samples of lunar soil and delivery of the first lunar rovers to the Moon.
V.P. Glushko in his office. On the bookshelf is a drawn original fragment of the "Full Map of the Moon" (the area of Copernicus crater), which was presented to Valentin Petrovich by the Department of Physics of the Moon and Planets of the SAI on the day of the 60th anniversary (1968).
V.P. Glushko paid great attention to the scientific content of research carried out with the help of space technology created under his leadership. He attached great importance to the study of the solar system. With his active support at the Moscow State University SAI, together with specialized cartographic organizations, it was possible to prepare several editions of lunar maps and globes of the Moon.
V.P. Glushko and Chairman of the State Commission K.A.Kerimov with women-cosmonauts V.L. Ponomareva, V.V. Tereshkova and TD Kuznetsova in the showroom (1968). In the center of the table there is a moon globe prepared by GAISH (1967 edition). To the left and below, the very first globe of the Moon (1961 edition) is visible, on which about a third of the surface is occupied by a white, empty sector corresponding to that part of the moon globe that was not photographed during the first space survey of the Moon in 1959.
Business note by V.P. Glushko attached to the materials sent to the head of the Department of Physics of the Moon Yu.N. Lipsky. The interaction of V.P. Glushko with the Department of Physics of the Moon and Planets of the SAI was ongoing. 1970 year.
V.P. Glushko presents the medal of the 40th anniversary of the GDL-OKB to the head of the department of the enterprise M.R. Gnesin (1969). In the background, next to the mock-ups of jet engines, there is a globe of the Moon, prepared by the SAI (1967), from the personal collection of V.P. Glushko.
In 1974, V.P. Glushko was appointed general designer of the Research and Production Association "Energia", which connected the Design Bureau, founded by V.P. Glushko, and the Design Bureau, previously headed by S.P. Korolev. Along with the ongoing launches conducted under the leadership of V.P. Glushko orbital stations and spaceships, at NPO Energia, on his initiative, the development of a new rocket and space system Energia with a carrying capacity of more than 100 tons began.
Among other tasks, the super-heavy launch vehicle Energia, as conceived by V.P. Glushko, was intended to support manned flights to the Moon and create a long-term habitable base on the lunar surface. The Department of Research of the Moon and Planets of the SAI was involved by V.P. Glushko for the scientific support of the project of an inhabited lunar base. Within the framework of the agreement between NPO Energia and SAI, work has been carried out for a number of years on the scientific substantiation of the choice of a basing site on the lunar surface. This collaboration lasted almost 15 years.
The inscription made by V.P. Glushko on his book
The inscription made by V.P. Glushko on his book, which he presented to the head of the Department of Moon and Planetary Research of the State Aviation Institute V.V. Shevchenko (1978). Cooperation of the Department staff with NPO Energia, headed by V.P. Glushko, entered a new active phase at that time.
In the process of joint work, the management of the Department often had requests to V.P. Glushko for assistance in this or that issue. Valentin Petrovich was invariably attentive and friendly. None of the calls to him remained unanswered. In this case, his phone conversation, as a rule, began with a joking phrase: "Vladislav Vladimirovich, I am reporting to you ..."
Regular holiday greetings were a token of attention.
For the new launch vehicle, the world's most powerful rocket engine RD-170 was created. The first launch of the Energia rocket took place on May 15, 1987. In November 1988, the Energia-Buran rocket and space system was launched with the automatic return and landing of the Buran orbital vehicle.
Academician
Valentin Petrovich Glushko
Academician V.P. Glushko (1908-1989) - the founder of the domestic rocket engine building, one of the pioneers and creators of rocket and space technology.
Valentin Petrovich Glushko- an outstanding scientist in the field of rocket and space technology, one of the pioneers of astronautics, the founder of the domestic liquid-propellant rocket engine.
VP Glushko was born in Odessa on September 2, 1908. During his school years he was fond of astronomy and organized a circle of young amateurs at the Odessa Astronomical Observatory. The first publication of V.P. Glushko was called "The Conquest of the Moon by the Earth". The results of his observations of the meteor shower in January 1924, sketches of Venus, Mars and Jupiter, made from his own observations, were published in 1924 and 1925. in the publications of the Russian Society of Lovers of World Studies (ROML).
At the same time, V.P. Glushko became interested in the idea of space flights and from 1923 he corresponded with K.E. Tsiolkovsky.
V.P. Glushko during the years of work at the Reactive Research Institute (RNII). Moscow. 1934 year.
In 1925 he entered the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Leningrad University. The theme of the thesis was the project of an electric rocket engine (ERE). From 1929 to 1933 he worked in the Gas-Dynamic Laboratory (GDL) of the Military Research Committee under the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, where he formed a subdivision for the development of electric rocket engines, liquid-propellant rocket engines and liquid-fueled missiles. In 1931 - 1933. under the leadership of V.P. Glushko, the first domestic liquid-propellant rocket engines were developed - ORM (experimental jet engine). In 1933, the world's first Jet Research Institute (RNII) was organized. The division, led by V.P. Glushko, continued to work as part of the RNII, where the most significant result was the creation of an ORM-65 LPRE intended for the RP-318 rocket plane and the 212 cruise missile designed by S.P. Korolev.
ORM-65 is a liquid-propellant rocket engine created by V.P. Glushko in the 30s for installation on the RP-318 rocket plane and the 212 cruise missile designed by S.P. Korolev.
During the period of Stalinist repressions, V.P. Glushko was arrested on March 23, 1938 and, on the basis of a fabricated case by the NKVD, was sentenced to 8 years in camps (in 1939). In conclusion, V.P. Glushko worked on the creation of aircraft jet accelerators. For the successful completion of these works in 1944, V.P. Glushko and his employees were released with the removal of their convictions. V.P. Glushko was rehabilitated only in 1955.
In 1945, V.P. Glushko with a group of specialists was sent to Germany to get acquainted with captured rocket technology. Beginning in 1947, a series of rocket engines of an original design was created in OKB-456 (in the city of Khimki near Moscow), led by V.P. Glushko.
The RD-107 and RD-108 engines, created at the V.P. Glushko design bureau, were installed on the first R-7 intercontinental rocket (1957), on launch vehicles that carried artificial satellites of the Earth and the Moon into orbits, launches automatic stations to the Moon, Venus and Mars, the launch of the manned spacecraft Vostok, Voskhod and Soyuz.
LPRE RD-108 - second stage engine of R-7 rocket and Vostok, Voskhod, Molniya, Soyuz carrier rockets. The RD-107 and RD-108 engines, created in the design bureau of V.P. Glushko, were installed on the first and second stages of these launch vehicles. They ensured the breakthrough of mankind into space and today they continue to contribute to the implementation of the Russian space program.
Engines of the new type RD-253, designed by V.P. Glushko, were installed on the first stage of the Proton launch vehicle, which has three times the carrying capacity of the Soyuz rocket.
V.P. Glushko with cosmonauts Yu.A. Gagarin and P.R. Popovich in his study. 1963 year.
V.P. Glushko with cosmonauts Yu.A. Gagarin and P.R. Popovich in his study. 1963 year.
The RD-253 LPRE, created in the design bureau of V.P. Glushko, is the engine of the first stage of the Proton launch vehicle.
Launch vehicle "Proton" at the launch site of the cosmodrome.
With the help of the Proton rocket in the second half of the 60s and in the 70s, heavy research satellites of the Earth and automatic stations for exploration of the Moon, Venus and Mars were launched, including a flyby of the Moon with the return of the spacecraft to Earth, delivery from Lunar samples of lunar soil and delivery of the first lunar rovers to the Moon.
V.P. Glushko in his office. On the bookshelf is a drawn original fragment of the "Full Map of the Moon" (the area of Copernicus crater), which was presented to Valentin Petrovich by the Department of Physics of the Moon and Planets of the SAI on the day of the 60th anniversary (1968).
V.P. Glushko paid great attention to the scientific content of research carried out with the help of space technology created under his leadership. He attached great importance to the study of the solar system. With his active support at the Moscow State University SAI, together with specialized cartographic organizations, it was possible to prepare several editions of lunar maps and globes of the Moon.
V.P. Glushko and Chairman of the State Commission K.A.Kerimov with women-cosmonauts V.L. Ponomareva, V.V. Tereshkova and TD Kuznetsova in the showroom (1968). In the center of the table there is a moon globe prepared by GAISH (1967 edition). To the left and below, the very first globe of the Moon (1961 edition) is visible, on which about a third of the surface is occupied by a white, empty sector corresponding to that part of the moon globe that was not photographed during the first space survey of the Moon in 1959.
Business note by V.P. Glushko attached to the materials sent to the head of the Department of Physics of the Moon Yu.N. Lipsky. The interaction of V.P. Glushko with the Department of Physics of the Moon and Planets of the SAI was ongoing. 1970 year.
V.P. Glushko presents the medal of the 40th anniversary of the GDL-OKB to the head of the department of the enterprise M.R. Gnesin (1969). In the background, next to the mock-ups of jet engines, there is a globe of the Moon, prepared by the SAI (1967), from the personal collection of V.P. Glushko.
In 1974, V.P. Glushko was appointed general designer of the Research and Production Association "Energia", which connected the Design Bureau, founded by V.P. Glushko, and the Design Bureau, previously headed by S.P. Korolev. Along with the ongoing launches of orbital stations and spacecraft conducted under the leadership of V.P. Glushko, NPO Energia, on his initiative, began the development of a new rocket and space system Energia with a carrying capacity of more than 100 tons.
Among other tasks, the super-heavy launch vehicle Energia, as conceived by V.P. Glushko, was intended to support manned flights to the Moon and create a long-term habitable base on the lunar surface. The Department of Research of the Moon and Planets of the SAI was involved by V.P. Glushko for the scientific support of the project of an inhabited lunar base. Within the framework of the agreement between NPO Energia and SAI, work has been carried out for a number of years on the scientific substantiation of the choice of a basing site on the lunar surface. This collaboration lasted almost 15 years.
The inscription made by V.P. Glushko on his book
The inscription made by V.P. Glushko on his book, which he presented to the head of the Department of Moon and Planetary Research of the State Aviation Institute V.V. Shevchenko (1978). Cooperation of the Department staff with NPO Energia, headed by V.P. Glushko, entered a new active phase at that time.
In the process of joint work, the management of the Department often had requests to V.P. Glushko for assistance in this or that issue. Valentin Petrovich was invariably attentive and friendly. None of the calls to him remained unanswered. In this case, his telephone conversation, as a rule, began with a joking phrase: "Vladislav Vladimirovich, I am reporting to you ..."
Regular holiday greetings were a token of attention.
For the new launch vehicle, the world's most powerful rocket engine RD-170 was created. The first launch of the Energia rocket took place on May 15, 1987. In November 1988, the Energia-Buran rocket and space system was launched with the automatic return and landing of the Buran orbital vehicle.
