Coloring pages of folk toys for kids. Traditions of Dymkovo painting: main stages and colors

Summary of the lesson “Dymkovo toy” for children 6-7 years old

Naira Igorevna Nersesyan, teacher at MBDOU " Kindergarten general developmental type No. 144", Voronezh

Purpose: teachers of senior and preparatory groups, primary school teachers, parents.
Target: Introducing children to folk culture.
Tasks:
-Introduce the history of the Dymkovo toy.
-To cultivate love and respect for the work of folk craftsmen, folk art Russia.
-To consolidate children’s knowledge about the process of making Dymkovo toys and the ability to talk about it.
-To form knowledge about characteristic features painting toys, the ability to create patterns according to one’s own design. Learn to highlight the elements of the geometric pattern of Dymkovo painting (circles, straight and wavy lines, checkered patterns, dots and peas). Learn to paint with Dymkovo patterns.
-Develop aesthetic perception, sense of rhythm, color, creativity. Deepen aesthetic knowledge of folk arts and crafts.
Preliminary work: drawing up a presentation “Dymkovo toy”, original Dymkovo toys for demonstration, printed stencils on white paper (A4 format) and colored pencils.
Lesson plan:
- 1. Organizing time
2. Theoretical part. An introductory conversation about the history and process of creation with a demonstration of Dymkovo toys, paintings, presentations. An explanation of the painting sequence.
3. Final part.

Progress of the lesson

Educator: Guys, you all have toys, but what are they made of?
Children: Our toys are made of plastic, rubber, metal, wood, fabric.
Educator: Let's find out what toys are made in the village of Dymkoye?
What is Dymkovo famous for?
With his toy.
There is no smoky color in it,
And there is the love of people.
There's something of the rainbow in her,
From drops of dew.
There is something of joy in her,
Thundering like bass.
(V. Feofanov)
Educator: People affectionately and tenderly call this toy “haze.” Where does such an amazing name come from? Let us introduce you to Dymkovo clay toys. I was born in the large settlement of Dymkovo across the river near the city of Vyatka. In ancient times, residents of this settlement, young and old, sculpted clay toys for the spring fair. In winter, the entire settlement is in smoke from the fact that the stoves are heated and toys are burned. On cloudy days, the fog from the river spreads like a light haze. Perhaps this is where the name Dymkoye arose, and the toys began to be called Dymkovo. Dymkovo toys were made for an ancient holiday<Свистопляска>.Later the fair-festival began to be called<Свистунья>. What kind of toys are these, let's see?

Through the mountain spurs,
Over the rooftops of villages
Red-horned, yellow-horned
A clay deer rushes.

Here is a smart turkey,
He's all so good
The big turkey
All sides are painted.
Look, his bushy tail is not simple at all,
Just like a sunny flower
Yes, next is the scallop.

The Dymkovo young lady is all in orange, gold, scarlet and green patterns.

Look how good she is
This girl is a soul
Scarlet cheeks are burning,
Amazing outfit.

Even the horses are in festive outfits.

Clay horses are racing
On stands as best we can.
And they won’t hold on by the tail,
If you missed the mane.

Educator: What do all these toys have in common?
Children: All toys have bright colors, everything is on a white background, covered with beautiful patterns.
Educator: What paint do you think the toy is first coated with?
Children: White. On a white background, the patterns stand out well and beautifully..
Educator: Can you guess where the masters got the white color from?
Children: They took it from the snow, from winter. The toys were made in winter!!!
Educator: That's right. The craftsmen took the white background from the snow-covered fields, when in winter everything around is white and white. In those places, the winter is long and there is a lot of snow. The craftsmen want to make the toy as clean and white as snow. Why are they bright?

Children: Because they were made for the holiday, so they painted them with bright colors.
Educator: What colors did the craftsmen use to paint toys?
Children: They used bright colors: red, blue, crimson, yellow, orange, green.
Educator: What patterns do you see on toys?
Children: On the toys there are circles, dots, lines, squares, stripes, curves, waves, squares, rings, ovals.

Educator: What images can be seen in Dymkovo toys?
Children: Horse, cockerel, deer, ram, young lady.
Educator: The most common subjects: nannies with children, water carriers, rams with golden horns, turkeys, roosters, deer and, of course, young people, buffoons, ladies.

Educator: Let's find out how a toy is created?

(Children watch the video on the interactive board, the teacher talks at the same time).
A lot of work must be put into making the toy so elegant. It is born three times. The first time it is born is when it is sculpted from red clay. The figures are sculpted in parts, individual parts are assembled and completed, using liquid red clay as a binding material. The molding marks are smoothed out to give the product a smooth and neat surface. The toy must be burned to make it durable. The intense heat causes the toy to become hot, and when it cools down, the clay becomes ringing and strong. This is how the toy is born a second time. There is a trial by fire. And when is the third time born?
Children: The third time a toy is born is when it is whitewashed and painted.
Educator: Then it is whitewashed with chalk diluted with milk and painted. Sometimes pieces of gold leaf are stuck on top of the pattern, which makes the toy even more elegant. This is how it is born for the third time. Beautiful, bright, elegant toys are sold at the fair. Making a toy, from modeling to painting, is a process unique and creative, never the same. There are not and cannot be two absolutely identical products. Each toy is unique, unique and inimitable.

Educator: I suggest you become real folk craftsmen and paint the stencils of the Dymkovo toy.

One of the oldest artistic crafts in Russia is Dymkovo painting. Toys made in this tradition are distinguished by brightness and completeness, cheerfulness, and color that comes from the people themselves. You will learn about what distinguishes a Dymkovo toy, what it is made from, and how to paint a Dymkovo lady yourself by reading this article.

History and traditions of Dymkovo painting

Dymkovo toy, 19th century.

According to an ancient legend, two squads met near the city late at night. And even though they were allies, in the darkness the warriors could not recognize each other, and a battle took place that claimed many heads. Every spring, the locals held a funeral feast for the victims of the absurd, accidental, and even more tragic battle. History began to be forgotten, but the tradition of organizing a spring meeting remained. And it turned into mass celebrations, a pandemonium festival, at which it was customary to playfully throw painted stucco balls.

Like this interesting story emergence of direction. It was the demand for balls and whistles that contributed to the development of the direction. This happened in the Dymkovo settlement, the birthplace of an outstanding craft. Over time, masters began to use sculpting and painting techniques: one after another, they carefully passed on their skills to their followers. When the ritual meaning of toys began to be lost, the products themselves began to change - they became more beautiful and artistic. And today, painting of Dymkovo toys has become part of decorative and applied art; ritual significance has receded into the background.

Elements and ornaments

The Dymkovo lady, horse, cockerel are a symbol of life itself, the joy of every day. The ornaments depicted on the product are smooth paintings that are combined with geometric patterns. The elements of painting of the Dymkovo toy are directly related to the protective meaning, to the symbolism of Mother Nature.

Various circles - a symbol of the sun, waves - the sky

For example, solar and lunar signs are a symbol of the origin of life, diamonds are associated with fertility, waves are a sign of the sky and celestial moisture. Depicting these signs on a toy means making it not just a nursery rhyme or decoration, but encoding important, sacred information on it.

Color palette

The master selects colors based on the principle of contrast, so that when drawing, one color emphasizes the other. For Dymkovo, painting became business card: horses and roosters, elegant young ladies and gentlemen with blue, red, yellow, emerald, blue and orange patterns are recognizable and loved by the people.

Each color conveys its own meaning in the work: white means purity, black can speak of lies, green symbolizes nature, red – health and strength, blue – the sky. In the old days, masters diluted paints using egg yolk, and all recipes were secret.

Materials

If we want to make a Dymkovo hinny, for example, its creation involves several stages: modeling, drying, firing, whitewashing, painting. They sculpt the toy in parts. They take oily, washed clay, diluted with sand, and roll it into balls. Then the balls are flattened to form flat cakes, and the body of the toy is made from them. And smaller parts are attached to the body.

Then the toy awaits drying, firing, and whitewashing. And only after the surface has dried, the master begins painting. All the bright patterns decorating the rooster or the lady are simple and unpretentious. This is why preschool children love the painting process. The child likes to make a white figurine bright, to enliven it with paint. But first, the Dymkovo painting patterns presented for children are worked out on paper blanks. Children learn patterns and work with primary colors.

Therefore, the materials for a future toy may be different: clay, acrylic paints, and gouache, and paper. Child labor involves the simplest set of materials and tools - thick watercolor paper, gouache, brushes. Older children can work with papier-mâché, that is, paint three-dimensional figures.

Master class on painting the Dymkovo lady

Let's look at the painting of the colorful Dymkovo lady using children's works as an example. In this case, you can take not clay, but plasticine, which is more accessible and comfortable for the child. To work you will need plasticine, a modeling board, stacks, a plastic bottle, gouache, squirrel brushes, a marker and cotton swabs.

Action plan:

You need to roll out a roller from plasticine of any color. Having retreated a place on top of the head, we press down the plasticine so that we get a neck. The head and body can also be made from two parts.
If you cut from a small plastic bottle the upper part, this will be a good blank for the skirt. The lady's torso (plasticine) needs to be attached on top of the plastic blank.
We coat the entire structure with plasticine, make hands from two plasticine rollers and sculpt a kokoshnik, do not forget to weave a plasticine braid.
We cover the finished lady with white gouache, a very dense layer. You need to wait until the figure dries.
Now begins the most interesting stage - painting. It is assumed that the children have already practiced the basics of Dymkovo painting on paper: elements of painting for children can be studied using special recipes. You can also make a sketch on paper, based on which the child will paint a three-dimensional figure.
You need to act in stages: it is very convenient to draw dots and circles with cotton swabs, which serve as a kind of stamps. It is convenient to draw eyes and eyebrows with a black marker, and a mouth with a red marker.
The children are instructed in advance what colors they can use in painting. You can talk about the meanings of colors and the symbolism of elements. This is how the child does not paint an abstract picture, but, like a true master, puts meaning into the work and conveys some kind of message.

You can see an example of painting a Dymkovo lady in the video presented. Odnoklassniki

Dymkovo toys are also called Vyatka or Kirov toys. They have a long history, and appeared more than 400 hundred years ago in the settlement of the same name near the Russian city of Vyatka.

Story

A few words from the history of Dymkovo toys...

Initially, Dymkovo toys were dedicated to the Whistler holiday. To this day craftsmen They made whistles from red clay, fired them and painted various patterns on them.

They were made in the shape of various animals. Here were:

and a cockerel
and a duck,
and deer,
and turkey,
and a horse,
as well as figurines of a young lady.

However, over time, the purpose of the holiday was forgotten, but the fishery resumed in the 20th century and became a real calling card of this region. Dymkovo toys began to be made as Russian souvenirs.

How to make it?

First, red clay is taken, mixed with brown river sand. This type of clay exists precisely near Vyatka. A figurine is sculpted from it, for example, a rooster, turkey or horse. You have to sculpt the figures in parts. Then they are glued together using liquid clay, and the figure is adjusted by the master. The toy is then dried and fired in a kiln at high temperature. Then they begin to paint it. The patterns are painted with white paint. Previously, paint was made from chalk mixed with milk. Today there are special paints. Except white, toys abound in blue, green, yellow colors, which give them a special cheerfulness. The top of the toys was covered with whipped egg white, which gave them a bright shine and elegance. Each toy is unique because it is made by hand. Among the many figurines collected in museums, you will not find two identical ones. The largest toy museum is located in Kirov.

Presentation

Probably, you guys also wanted to create such toys for yourself?

Unfortunately, it is impossible to do this at home, even if you know how to sculpt with clay. But you can try to color the silhouettes of Dymkovo toys. On our website you will find photos, pictures and coloring pages for children depicting Dymkovo toys. They can be downloaded and printed. You will be met:

cheerful cockerel,
important duck,
puffy turkey,
graceful horse
and a lady dressed in elegant clothes.
Also here you will find numerous patterns that decorate the Dymkovo toy.

However, don’t rush into coloring books. First, carefully look at the photos of the toys, remember what colors the figures are painted with, since the colors on the figures have their own pattern. Photos will help you draw your own conclusions, and coloring pages for children will help you practice. Probably the most favorite toys of children are the cockerel and the turkey; sometimes the children mention the lady. Why? They are the brightest, most elegant. Think about what a rooster looks like, what colors you use to paint it, because in the old days a rooster was a symbol of the beginning of a new day, the sunrise. His figure contains all the colors of the rainbow. The photos and coloring pages offered on our website will help children become more familiar with this unusual Russian folk craft, show their imagination and ingenuity, and learn to draw. Acquaintance with any ancient craft enriches a child, connects him with his ancestors, with Russian roots. And getting to know toys is doubly interesting. From time immemorial, they reveal their secrets to children, share their joy of life, create good mood and creative inspiration.

A selection of materials on the topic

click on the picture below to download a collection of pictures depicting Dymkovo toys: And you can also download individual pictures of Dymkovo toys at your discretion: lady Horse Rooster Turkey Duck

Svetlana Lunina

Today I would like to present to your attention Master Class according to Dymkovo painting.

The work was carried out by children with disabilities from the preparatory group.

Templates were prepared in advance for the work. Preliminary Job: teacher's story about Dymkovo painting, looking at pictures, talking with children.

We also need a sheet of white paper (A4 is its half), paints (we painted with gouache), brush and jar of water.

If you have everything prepared and ready to draw, then let's get started:)

I forgot to write, for the template we take an A4 sheet, fold it in half and draw a cow on one side, then draw out a barrel. The template is ready and can be put aside for now.

Will draw on a clean, white sheet (A4 half sheet)

You need to decide what pattern you will draw and what color it will be; if necessary, you need to help your child with the choice.

The choice was made and the work was done boiled:)

And now our patterns are ready, everyone worked hard!

Now we need to be patient and wait until ours dries. pattern:)

The drawing is dry and we get to the fun part, now we need our template with the tower. Need to color the bone young ladies, draw a face and don’t forget about the hairstyle;)

The work began to boil with renewed vigor)

The young ladies are ready, oh, we forgot about the skirt. Now we’ll fix everything!

We need to put our pattern into the template young ladies, and what happens, you now you'll see:)

Like this Young lady, our kids got such a smart skirt!

Publications on the topic:

Dymkovskaya and Khokhloma painting. Lepkav preparatory group Hello colleagues! Today I will show the work of the children of Dymkovo toys..

I'm always interested in giving children something new and different from traditional drawing. Objectives: To strengthen children’s ability to paint with patterns.

Program content: continue to introduce children to folk decorative arts(Dymkovo painting). Teach children to make a pattern from.

Abstract of the OOD on artistic creativity (drawing) for children of senior preschool age “Painting of the Dymkovo young lady”"Painting Dymkovo young lady" Program objectives: o consolidate knowledge about Dymkovo toys; o consolidate the skills of drawing Dymkovo elements.

Lesson notes on fine arts activities in the senior group. Decorative Dymkovo painting LESSON SUMMARY ON FINE ACTIVITIES IN THE SENIOR GROUP Decorative Dymkovo painting Teacher Ivanova Tatyana Sergeevna Purpose. Let's continue.

Master class for children preschool age. “Dymkovo bird-whistle toy.” Part 1. Modeling.

Master class “Dymkovo bird-whistle toy” Part 2. Painting. Author: teacher middle group preschool department No. 5 of the State Budgetary Educational Institution Secondary School.

Master ‐ Class

“Painting the toy “Dymkovo Cockerel”

Description: The master class is designed for 12 students of different ages (DBT class)

Usage: as a gift, interior decoration, work for an exhibition.

Target: painting of Dymkovo toy

Tasks:

Teach children to paint a toy using different patterns

Develop imagination, imagination, aesthetic taste

To instill in children taste, a sense of color, and respect for the work of Dymkovo craftsmen

Give pleasure to yourself and others

PROGRESS MASTER CLASS

Let's sit side by side and talk well. I wanted to tell you guys one thing amazing story. In a certain kingdom of the Russian state, on the bank of a river stood, and still stands, the large village of Dymkovo. Extraordinary toys were born in the village. On long winter evenings they sculpted those toys from clay.

All toys are not simple,

And magically painted.

Snow-white, like birch trees,

Circles, stripes.

A seemingly simple pattern

But I can't take my eyes off

The toys made by Dymkovo craftsmen turned out to be unusually beautiful, bright, fabulous, and magical. People believed that these toys protected them from misfortunes and troubles. Therefore, they were placed between the windows in winter and decorated with toys at home.

Today we will paint one of the Dymkovo toys. Guess which one?

Started up

unknown bird,

Everyone marvels at her:

Doesn't sing and doesn't fly,

Everything is on fire and blazing.

Far across the world

Everyone knows this birdie,

This is not a simple bird -

Painted, gold,

Just a miracle - a trinket,

Its name is the folk toy.