To prevent the car from causing unnecessary problems, regular maintenance is necessary. Monitoring the condition of the machine will allow you to detect emerging problems in time and eliminate them before they develop into something more serious. Thus, you can save yourself from unnecessary expenses and save a lot of time.
Vehicle maintenance is a set of measures that the car owner must periodically take to keep the vehicle in good condition. These measures are of a preventive nature because are aimed at preventing breakdowns, and not at eliminating them, in contrast to repairs.
So, having spent half an hour changing the engine oil, the car owner protects himself from engine damage due to insufficient lubrication of parts. Of course, no one has invented the eternal car yet, and sooner or later it will still have to be repaired, but if maintenance is neglected, the repair will have to be done several times earlier, and its cost will be immeasurably higher.
Why is it so important
The need for regular maintenance of road transport is due to elementary physical laws. During operation, all parts are continuously worn out.
The car is exposed to sunlight, moisture, dust, and constantly experiences overload and vibration. This even applies to those cars whose owners drive carefully and on good roads. The only thing that can be gained in this case is time; maintenance can be postponed by several thousand kilometers.
Do not forget that the technical condition of any road transport is gradually deteriorating, and this is true even for those cars that have not been used for a long time. Of course, the main part of the parts of such cars does not suffer, because they do not work, but rubber elements, namely all kinds of seals, oil seals, tires, age and eventually become unusable. The same goes for engine oil and other fluids. One way or another, moisture gets into them, as a result, important properties are lost. Therefore, in a situation where a car with a mileage of 3-4 thousand kilometers stood in the garage for a year, before resuming operation, it also needs to be serviced.
Types of vehicle maintenance
It is customary to distinguish four main types of vehicle maintenance:
- EO (daily maintenance);
- TO-1 (maintenance-1);
- TO-2 (maintenance-2);
- CO (seasonal service).
Daily maintenance
Daily maintenance includes checking the general condition of the vehicle. Before each ride, the driver is advised to check the health of the lights, indicators, sensors, braking system and steering. Also, checking the tire pressure, oil level and other fluids is part of the list of daily machine maintenance. In addition, do not forget to periodically wash the car outside and inside.
The reliability of modern cars has grown exponentially over the past decades, so the need to remove the oil dipstick every morning to check the level, or to run around the car with a pressure gauge is not at all necessary. However, at least once every two weeks, you still need to pay a little attention to the iron horse.
Maintenance-1
Maintenance of the number one passenger car is mainly aimed at preventing accidental breakdowns, which in the future, if not identified and eliminated, can lead to much more serious consequences, starting with an increase in fuel consumption and ending with the failure of any large unit ... In addition to the work performed as part of daily maintenance, the TO-1 list includes work on cleaning, lubricating, monitoring and diagnosing equipment, as well as checking threaded connections. The list of activities that include the first maintenance of the car may differ slightly for different brands of cars; it can be found in full in the operating instructions for a particular car.
Maintenance-2
By and large, the second maintenance of vehicles pursues the same goals as the first, in addition, it includes all the work performed within the framework of TO-1. The only difference lies in their volume and complexity. After all, if the first maintenance of light vehicles does not provide for the dismantling of parts, then when performing TO-2, some parts can be removed from the cars. Diagnostics is carried out using specialized equipment at the stands.
Seasonal service
As the name implies, this type of service is designed to prepare the car for the winter or summer season. In central Russia, where winters are relatively mild and summers are moderately warm, pre-season vehicle maintenance does not cause much trouble. Often it is carried out within the framework of TO-1 or TO-2. Of the most significant works, one can single out the change of tires and windshield washer fluid; if necessary, anti-corrosion treatment of the underbody is also carried out.
In regions with a harsh climate, seasonal service is complemented by a change of engine oil according to the season, since the usual "all-season", in severe frosts, acquires the consistency of thick honey, and it will simply not be possible to start the engine. Accordingly, before the onset of the summer period, the oil will need to be replaced with a summer or all-weather one, because winter oil will lose its performance properties.
How often vehicle maintenance is carried out
The frequency of machine maintenance depends on the operating conditions. From the name of the types of services, it is clear that daily maintenance must be performed every day before leaving the garage, and seasonal maintenance is carried out twice a year in the off-season. The frequency of TO-1 and TO-2 is set by the manufacturer, these types of services are carried out either when a certain mileage is reached, or once a year if the mileage is low.
The first service of the car is carried out, as a rule, with a mileage of three to five thousand kilometers, the second and subsequent ones with an interval of 10-15 thousand kilometers. The intervals are average, and depending on the conditions in which the machine is used, they can increase or decrease.
For example, if the vehicle predominantly drives in rural areas with a lot of dirt and dusty roads, more frequent maintenance is required, and the same applies to aggressive driving. Conversely, if the driver drives around the city or on suburban roads, the car is not raped, the maintenance of the car can be carried out less frequently.
It is carried out between and provides for daily cleaning, lubrication of equipment and compliance with the rules of its operation, timely adjustment of mechanisms and elimination of minor faults.
At many machine-building plants, maintenance was practically not regulated and was of an unscheduled nature, which led to progressive wear of equipment and frequent accidents.
The practice of many factories shows that 70% of all emergency repairs are the result of failure to comply with the rules for the operation and maintenance of equipment.
At the present time, the “Standard system of maintenance and repair of metal and woodworking equipment” is being introduced, which makes the maintenance of a regulated and preventive nature.
All maintenance work is clearly regulated in terms of content, frequency of performance and distribution by performer. Depending on these factors, the following maintenance packages are provided: E, TO-1, TO-2, TO-3, TO-4, TO-5.
IN complex E all work performed by production workers every shift is included. Essentially, this is a manual for the operation and maintenance of the equipment.
Complex TO-1 is performed once a week and contains work on checking safety devices and mechanisms, the failure of which can lead to accidents.
Complex TO-2 performed once a month and includes checking controls, fasteners, etc.
Complex TO-3 performed once every three months, TO-4 and TO-5- after 6 and 12 months, respectively. Moreover, each complex provides for more complex and labor-intensive work and at the same time includes the work of the previous complexes. Works TO-1, TO-2, TO-3, TO-4 and TO-5 are carried out by repairmen of complex teams.
For maintenance, a cycle structure can also be drawn up, which includes: a shift inspection, 4 grease replenishments, 1 grease change, 1 partial inspection, 2 preventive adjustments.
A list of maintenance work should be compiled for each machine by the manufacturer, and their performance should be recorded on a regulated maintenance chart.
Car maintenance is a set of preventive measures prescribed by the car manufacturer. The task of maintenance is to prevent failures and malfunctions, the likelihood of which during a certain period is quite high. Simply put: it is better to warn in advance than to repair it for a long and expensive time.
Maintenance (MOT) usually includes mandatory operations (for example, changing the oil in the engine after a run of 15 thousand kilometers) and operations identified during diagnostic operations (both with the use of special equipment and without it - based on the results of visual inspection),
In the technical literature, mandatory maintenance operations are determined by the name of the essence of the work performed:
- Adjusting;
- Gas stations;
- Lubricating;
- Fasteners;
- Electrotechnical;
- Control and diagnostic.
Based on the results of control and diagnostic operations, a decision is made to perform additional work (topping up fluids, replacing worn-out elements, etc.).
The special importance of observing the maintenance regulations was given in Soviet times, when, on the one hand, cars were not as perfect and reliable as they are now, and on the other hand, the discipline of operating vehicles was maintained (especially in organizations).
The rule of inspecting a vehicle before leaving for a flight and eliminating the identified deficiencies is mandatory for every driver and car. And such a requirement, especially for trucks and buses, is fully justified: the transportation of people and bulky goods requires increased security measures.
Classification of types of maintenance in Russia has been preserved from Soviet times in the "Preventive system of vehicle maintenance" and includes the following main positions:
- daily vehicle maintenance;
- first vehicle maintenance - TO-1;
- second vehicle maintenance - TO-2;
- seasonal car maintenance.
Manufacturers of modern passenger cars have slightly modified the numbering and frequency of maintenance:
- The numbering according to the TO-2 classification, carried out, as a rule, at regular intervals, became end-to-end: from TO-1 to TO-10 or even TO-12.
- For a number of car manufacturers, the need for maintenance according to the TO-1 classification has disappeared, and for some, it has remained with the conditional name of this operation TO-0.
That is, for passenger cars, the types and numbering of TO may look like this:
- daily maintenance;
- zero maintenance - TO-0;
- periodic maintenance (numbered) - TO-1 ... TO-10 (TO-12);
- seasonal maintenance.
The maintenance schedule, service intervals and the content of operations for each type of maintenance are determined by the car manufacturer and are indicated in the service book.
For TO-0 (TO-1 according to the generally accepted classification), the upper mileage limit is, as a rule, 2-2.5 thousand km. Service intervals between subsequent maintenance are usually from 10 to 20 thousand km.
Daily vehicle maintenance
Daily maintenance - ETO (for cars, more likely an inspection before a trip) provides for control and inspection operations of the main components and assemblies of the machine, primarily those that affect road safety. In this case, they check:
- inspection - the presence of leaks in the brake system, hydraulic booster, engine (coolant, engine oil), transmission;
- inspection - the levels of liquids in the tanks and crankcases of the main components and assemblies. Top up if necessary;
- inspection and testing - the operation of electrical equipment, indicators and indicators of the dashboard;
- inspection - the condition of the tires. If necessary, pump up (see tire pressure tables);
- testing - starting the engine, testing when moving off the brakes, steering, clutch, gearbox.
First maintenance
The first maintenance of TO-1 includes operations included in the daily maintenance, as well as the following additionally:
- body wash, interior cleaning;
- control and diagnostic and inspection work (in addition to the ETO inspection): checking the effectiveness of braking, parking brake, brake drive, steering wheel free play, steering mechanism clearances, protective covers of chassis parts, checking the condition of springs, levers, rods and suspension struts, free travel of the clutch and brake pedals, tension of the drive belts of the engine attachments;
- adjustment work: pedal free play, drive belts tension, parking brake, steering wheel free play, steering drive connection clearance, carburetor (for carburetor engines);
- fasteners (check and tighten if necessary): fastening the engine, gearbox, steering mechanism, steering rods, swing arms, wheel discs, exhaust system parts, brake fasteners;
- refueling: engine oil change (with oil filter change);
- electrical: checking and, if necessary, cleaning the accumulator and electrical equipment from dust and dirt, checking the condition of insulation, replacing, if necessary, blown lamps or fuses.
Second maintenance
The second maintenance - TO-2 includes operations included in TO-1, as well as additional work on in-depth diagnostics of the main systems, components and assemblies of the vehicle.
In addition to the greater volume of control and diagnostic work, during TO-2, more refueling operations take place. In addition to changing the oil in the engine, depending on the mileage or storage period, the following changes:
- Gearbox oil,
- Hydraulic oil,
- Axle oil (for trucks and light all-wheel drive vehicles).
For a given mileage in TO-2, mandatory replacements of certain elements are regulated. For cars it is:
- Cabin filters,
- Transmission filter (if automatic),
- Spark plug,
- Timing belt and rollers (if the timing belt drive) and additional equipment.
Fastening work with TO-2 is also performed in a larger volume than with TO-1. These include checking the fastening tightening:
- Cylinder head,
- Radiator,
- Timing covers,
- Engine oil pan,
- Intake and exhaust manifolds,
- Fuel tank,
- Rear axle gearbox covers,
- Door locks and hinges.
From the adjustment work, it is necessary to note the regulation:
- Engine valves,
- Timing drive tension,
- Clearance between brake pads and discs,
- Front wheel bearing clearance.
Specific TO-2 operations depend on the brand, model and service interval recommended by a particular automaker.
Seasonal maintenance
Seasonal maintenance (SA) is carried out to prepare the vehicle for use in the coming winter or summer season.
The fact is that a sharp change in ambient temperature affects the performance of parts, assemblies and assemblies of a car: in the cold season, for example, lubricants with a lower viscosity are required, the starting capacity of the battery decreases, it is required to ensure the trouble-free operation of the heating system, wheel traction worsens with road surface.
Usually, motorists try to combine seasonal maintenance, which includes, as the main operation for replacing tires, with one of the routine numbered maintenance (according to the classification of the TO-2 planned preventive system).
Can you save money on car maintenance?
Maintenance (except ETO) is a paid procedure and many motorists ask the question: "Is it possible not to go through it at all, thus saving money?" In addition, manufacturers of modern cars claim that their quality and reliability are increasing, while the maintenance intervals are also increasing.
This issue has two sides: formal and factual.
- Formally, if we are talking about a new car, the absence of a mark on the passage of MOT completely deprives the owner of the right to warranty service.
- In fact, the service intervals have not practically changed for the last 15-20 years, and even world-famous automakers have not yet created a completely maintenance-free car.
This means that periodic maintenance is necessary not only for new cars, but, even more so, for used cars.
It is not only possible, but also necessary to save on the passage of a specific MOT. At the same time, it is important for what period of operation the car is located: warranty (manufacturer's warranty) or post-warranty.
If the machine is under warranty, then you need to familiarize yourself with the corresponding paragraph of the service book about the manufacturer's warranty obligations. The overwhelming majority of car manufacturers indicate that one of the conditions for maintaining the guarantee is to undergo MOT in authorized dealerships (known for high prices for their services). And although this is a more than controversial issue, the bulk of motorists obey this requirement.
Savings in going through maintenance during the warranty period is possible by choosing a dealership offering cheaper services and by purchasing materials for maintenance from a third-party store (sometimes this is half the price of a dealer, but providing your own materials must be agreed in advance).
In addition, you should pay attention to the list of maintenance operations in the preliminary cost estimate. Sometimes the dealer includes work there that is not provided by the manufacturer (it's easy to check it - according to the same service book).
If the vehicle is out of the warranty period, then the opportunities to save on maintenance become wider. The fact is that a number of maintenance operations may well be performed independently (special qualifications are not required here): changing the oil and oil filter, air and fuel filters, spark plugs, brake pads, wheel assemblies.
More complex operations (such as replacing the timing belt) can be carried out by reputable independent garages. As a rule, the services of such services are significantly cheaper than those of official dealers.
2.1. Maintenance (MOT) - a set of operations to maintain the operability of equipment during its operation, while waiting (if the equipment is in reserve), storage and transportation.
The TO includes the following set of works:
- maintaining the equipment in good (or only serviceable) condition;
- cleaning, lubrication, adjustment and tightening of detachable joints, replacement of individual components (wear parts) in order to prevent damage and progressive wear, as well as elimination of minor damage.
In the scope of maintenance, work can be performed to assess the technical condition of the equipment to clarify the timing and scope of subsequent maintenance and repairs.
TOP system - a system of maintenance and repair (planned and according to the actual technical condition of the equipment).
The system of maintenance (MOT) and repair according to the technical condition includes maintenance, diagnostic checks of the technical condition, performance of work during routine shutdowns * and restoration of an operational state in case of deviation of the values \u200b\u200bof the diagnosed parameters from those established by the normative and technical documentation.
* Routine shutdown - shutdown of the equipment for the production of work regulated by the current regulatory and technical documents (passports, TU, RD, etc.)
2.2. The specific content of work for each type of maintenance of the equipment of the enterprise is determined by the job descriptions and regulations set forth in this document, by type of equipment.
2.3. Repair is a set of operations to restore serviceability or operability and to fully or partially restore the resource of equipment and its components, ensuring operation with a given reliability and efficiency in the periods between repairs and diagnostic checks.
2.4. Routine repair (T) - repairs carried out during operation to ensure the operability of the equipment, consisting in the replacement and restoration of its individual parts and their adjustment.
2.5. Current repairs are assigned to prevent failures and restore the operability of the enterprise equipment.
2.6. Medium repair (C) - repairs performed to restore the operability and partial restoration of the equipment resource based on the results of diagnostics and the amount of its operating time with the replacement or restoration of component parts of a limited range and control of the technical condition of the components, carried out in the prescribed amount
2.7. Overhaul (K) - repairs carried out to restore serviceability and full or close to full restoration of the equipment resource with replacement or restoration of any of its parts, including basic ones, and their adjustment.
2.9. Operational diagnostic control - control of the technical condition of the equipment, carried out in accordance with the schedule, as well as the operational parameters of the equipment at a given time and in dynamics.
2.10. Scheduled diagnostic control - control of the actual technical condition of the equipment of the enterprise according to parameters that allow assessing the technical condition of the equipment, making a forecast of its operability, operating time before repair or until the next diagnostic control and determining the volume and type of repair.
2.11. Unscheduled diagnostic control - control of the technical condition of the enterprise equipment, carried out in the event of a sharp change in the values \u200b\u200bof constantly monitored parameters or in the case when, based on the results of operational control, a decision is made on the expected development of a defect.
2.12. Serviceable state (operability) - the state of the equipment, in which the values \u200b\u200bof all parameters characterizing the ability to perform the specified functions comply with the requirements of the normative-technical and (or) design (project) documentation.
2.13. Inoperable state (inoperability) - the state of an object in which the value of at least one parameter characterizing the ability to perform specified functions does not meet the requirements of the normative-technical and (or) design (project) documentation.
2.14. The frequency of maintenance (repair, diagnostic control) is the time interval or operating time between this type of maintenance (repair, diagnostic control) and the next one of the same type or another of greater complexity.
The type of maintenance (repair, diagnostic control) is understood as maintenance (repair, diagnostic control), allocated (allocated) according to one of the signs:
stage of existence, frequency, scope of work, operating conditions, regulation.
2.15. A repair cycle is the smallest repetitive time interval or equipment operating time, during which all established types of repairs are performed in a certain sequence in accordance with the requirements of the normative and technical documentation.
2.16. Repair according to technical condition - repair in which the technical condition is monitored with the frequency and in the amount established in the normative and technical documentation, and the volume and time of the start of repair is determined by the current technical condition, information about which was obtained from the results of diagnostic control or data on reliability product or its component parts.
2.17. According to the degree of equipment malfunction, repairs can be performed according to the typical scope of work of current, medium or major repairs.
2.18. Routine shutdown - shutdown of equipment for maintenance, diagnostic and repair work, regulated by the current regulatory and technical documents (passports, TU, GOST, RD, etc.).
2.19. Operating time - the total duration or volume of equipment operation.
2.20. The operating time before the scheduled shutdown is the operating time before the works regulated by other valid documents.
2.21. Labor intensity of maintenance (repair, diagnostic control) - labor costs for one maintenance (repair, control) of this type.
2.22. Spare part (spare part) - a component part of the equipment designed to replace the same part that was in operation in order to maintain or restore the equipment operability.
2.23. The exchange fund is a stock of the most important spare parts located in specially designated storage bases to restore the number of spare parts and promptly carry out repairs to restore the operability of the enterprise equipment.
2.24 Service TDiNO - service of technical diagnostics and equipment reliability
Maintenance of equipment TO-1, TO-2, EO - these are regulations that determine the frequency and volume of maintenance of technological equipment.
Industrial equipment, like any other, needs timely maintenance, since only in this case it is possible to guarantee the uninterrupted operation of the enterprise. Forced downtime comes with enormous costs. Timely maintenance allows avoiding such overlaps.
Maintenance tasks
The maintenance procedure is performed at the intervals recommended by the manufacturer. In essence, it is a preventive measure designed to protect the production site from downtime. Scheduled maintenance is carried out in accordance with the approved schedule and includes a standard set of operations, repeated over and over again.
Sintez TMK recommends taking care of the equipment condition on a regular basis and offers the following services:
- Regular inspection, constant monitoring of equipment performance, which can be carried out once a day, week, month;
- Routine maintenance provided in the technical documentation for the equipment usually includes the change of oil and consumables;
- Emergency service caused by equipment breakdown.
Specialists take care of maintaining the equipment in good condition, carry out inspection, adjustment, and other required manipulations.
The workshop uses equipment for various purposes, which differ in the principle of operation and design. To be well versed in the maintenance of equipment, you need to have knowledge about a specific machine, and it is difficult for the mechanic in charge of the workshop to keep track of constantly updated equipment. In order not to contain a large staff of narrowly focused masters for the maintenance of specific equipment, it is easier to entrust its service to a professional, equipment, company.
At Sintez TMK, employees follow the latest technology and are constantly trained to work with new equipment. People who are able to assemble a unit from scratch are well versed in its design and immediately notice malfunctions. Such specialists will ensure the maintenance of the equipment and timely carry out routine maintenance or repair work.
All specialists have the necessary approvals. A guarantee is provided for the work performed, and the price is significantly lower than the payment of an additional full-time employee. Even if the documentation for the equipment is lost, our specialists will be able to restore it.
Depending on the timing and scope of work, the Regulation provides for the following types and frequency of maintenance:
- Daily (shift) maintenance (EO) - once a day (shift);
- Maintenance 1 (TO-1) - for each type of equipment, as a rule, once a month (includes EO);
- Maintenance 2 (TO-2) - for each type of equipment, as a rule, after 6 months (includes EO, TO-1).
The main purpose of the EO is the general visual control of the technical condition and appearance of equipment and structures, aimed at ensuring their trouble-free (trouble-free) operation.
The main purpose of TO-1 and TO-2 is to reduce the wear rate of parts, identify malfunctions and prevent failures due to the timely replacement of some component parts of products, carrying out control and diagnostic, lubrication, fastening, adjusting and other works, which are usually performed without disassembly products and removal of their individual units.
Maintenance of EO, TO-1 and TO-2 of the main structures and technological equipment is carried out by the personnel of the fuel and lubricants service, with the exception of work that must be performed by other services in accordance with the current documents.
Maintenance types
You can order the following types of industrial equipment maintenance from us:
- Current. It includes inspection and control over the operation of equipment with a given regularity (every shift, daily, etc.);
- Planned. It is carried out in accordance with technical conditions, passports of specific industrial equipment. Examples of routine maintenance include: changing oil, filters, parts, etc.
- Emergency. The need for it arises spontaneously when equipment breaks down. The reasons are often errors in operation, hidden defects of individual units, parts, structures and other reasons.
The first two types of service can be provided on a scheduled basis, when both the customer and our specialists know in advance when, to what extent and what specific operations will be performed at the client's enterprise.
Emergency service is impossible to plan and predict, but you can make an urgent request for emergency service at any time, we guarantee the shortest possible time.
In Sintez TMK you can order maintenance of the following categories of industrial equipment:
- Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy
- Mining industry
- Oil refining industry
- Oil industry
- Heavy and light engineering
- Chemical industry
- Petrochemical industry
- Oil and gas industry
Benefits of contacting us
When ordering service from Sintez TMK, our clients enjoy the following benefits:
- Work experience of specialists in each of the areas of industrial production.
- If technical documentation for industrial equipment is lost, we will help to restore it, and, if necessary, develop it again.
- All types of service are made under a contract with a guarantee.
- We guarantee real prices and offer mutually beneficial cooperation.
- All specialists have permits to work with industrial equipment, the company is a member of the SRO.
