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Prospects for the development of the organization of work of the organs of labor. Prospects, goals and objectives of the development of the system of social protection of the population in Russia

The strategy for reforming the social sector proposed by the current Russian government, 1 includes proposals for the development of individual sectors of the social sphere complex (education, health, culture, employment, social protection, sports, etc.). General guidelines here: ensuring universal accessibility and socially acceptable quality of basic social serviceswhich include, first of all, medical care and secondary education; ensuring the most effective protection of socially vulnerable households; creation for the working-age population economic conditionsallowing citizens at the expense of their own incomes to provide a higher level of social consumption.

The basis of reform social protection The following principles are laid down:

1) Redistribution of social spending in favor of poor households. In order to free up the necessary budgetary resources, it is planned to reduce budgetary subsidies to producers of goods and services, as well as benefits and payments provided on a categorical basis. It is necessary to review federal social legislation. Social assistance should be provided mainly in targeted form and only to those households whose actual consumption is below the subsistence level.

To this end, management bodies at the regional and local levels will have to make wider use of the procedures for mandatory verification of the need of recipients of social assistance. It is also envisaged to establish restrictions on the total number of types of social assistance and benefits that can be provided simultaneously to the same family.

A shift to targeted aid delivery can significantly improve the situation of low-income families. Nevertheless, for a limited number of recipients, such as veterans of the Great Patriotic War, liquidators of the Chernobyl accident, Heroes of the Soviet Union and Russia, categorical benefits are preserved regardless of their financial situation. These benefits are supposed to be converted into cash payments and made from the federal budget. The benefits established for various categories of civil servants, law enforcement officials and military personnel should also be transferred to the form of cash payments and included in labor remuneration.

2) Redistribution of powers to implement federal social legislation. The social sector reform strategy involves changing the current order of interaction between federal and regional authorities and local self-government in the field of social protection. In general, it is planned to transfer more authority to determine the size and forms of assistance to the regional and municipal levels. Mechanisms designed to ensure targeted state social assistance may vary regionally depending on the budgetary capabilities of the territories, living standards, employment patterns, and local traditions.

The needs of the regions in financing social assistance should be determined on the basis of an analysis of the poverty level and taken into account when determining the amount of federal transfers. New system will require strengthening the methodological role of the federal bodies of social protection of the population, including the development of methods and standard regulatory documents.

3) Diversification of service. The priority tasks in this area are expanding the capabilities of citizens using free or subsidized services at the choice of service providers, including in the field of healthcare and education, as well as diversification of the forms of services based on the active involvement of the private sector. It provides for equal access to state financing through the mechanism of social order for state and non-state organizations that provide social services.

Some of these proposals are included in the "Action Plan of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of social policy and modernization of the economy for 2000-2001. ", approved by Government Order Russian Federation No. 1072 (July 2000). The main tasks in the field of social support for the population include assistance to households whose actual income or consumption is below the subsistence level; reduction of budget subsidies to producers of goods and services; reduction of socially unjustified benefits; the transfer of in-kind benefits and payments established for certain categories of civil servants, military personnel and law enforcement officials to the form of remuneration and cash allowance; expanding the powers of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local authorities in determining the priorities for the provision of social assistance. The needs of the regions in financing social assistance will be taken into account in the formula of inter-budget equalization.

Only the so-called “socially unjustified benefits” are being reduced, part of the assistance will continue to be provided without regard to means. Nevertheless, this is a definite step in the field of practical implementation of the strategy.

The higher the IST indicator, the better the adaptation of the cardiovascular system to physical and thermal stresses.

Bibliographic list

1. Nastanova with the organization of gas and gas dismantling! service in the operational areas! service of the civil servant to the Ministry of Taxes and Duties of Ukraine. Order of the Ministry of Taxes and Duties of Ukraine No. 1342 dated December 16, 2011

2. V. D. Perepechaev, V. Yu. Birch. Gas smoke protection fire service. / Textbook. - Chernihiv, 2000.

3. Strzhets V. M. Zasobi individualnogo zahist orgashv dikhanna // Navch. FAV - H., APBU, 2001.

4. P. A. Kovalov, V. M. Srshet, O. V. Glizarov, O. G. Bezuglov The fundamentals of the operation and operation of the appliance in a restrained state. - Haryuv, 2005.

Implementation experience and PR development prospects

in the field of social protection of the population (on the example of the activities of the Special Social Protection Service of the Stary Oskol city district)

Chernikova G.V., Kopot T.A.,

branch of the Russian State Social University,

voronezh

With the development of mass information communications, the system of social protection of the population is gaining new opportunities to increase the efficiency of its functioning through PR-technologies. We tend to consider the latter as a set of successively applied procedures, techniques and methods of activity aimed at the most optimal and efficient implementation of the goals and objectives of the subject of PR-activity. The object of PR-technologies in the field of social protection can be those or other groups of citizens who need social assistance, representatives of the state, commercial and non-profit sectors, as well as individuals who are ready to provide the necessary assistance to people in difficult situations. It seems relevant to study the best practices of implementing PR-technologies as an example of the activities of the Office of Social Protection of Population (SPZN) of the Stary Oskol city district of the Belgorod region.

Starting from 2012, the SPD implemented a number of innovative projects aimed at improving the quality and accessibility of state and municipal social services for the population of the district: “Di @ log" and "Social personal Area citizen. " These projects, in fact, are PR projects, as they rely on appropriate technologies. Normative

the legal basis of their “start” was the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 2009 No. 478 “On a Unified System of Information and Reference Support for Citizens and Organizations on Issues of Interaction with Executive Authorities and Local Self-Government Bodies Using the Information and Telecommunication Network Internet” and the Information Society Development Strategy in the Russian Federation in 2008.

Among the key tasks of the Di @ Log project are the following. Firstly, providing citizens with complete, reliable and timely information; equal opportunities in obtaining and accessing services in in electronic format; secondly, increasing the efficiency of receiving and processing data for the appointment of measures of social support through the use of modern information technologies.

To implement these tasks, the following activities were planned: the creation of a customer service and multi-functional consulting service; installation of additional information terminals on measures of social support in the buildings of the Office of the Pension Fund and the Employment Center (Stary Oskol); organization of mobile teams implementation of electronic queue and interdepartmental electronic document management. In addition, the Office provided the opportunity to receive services in electronic form. To do this, the “Online consultation” module has been introduced on the Office’s website (www. Sznoskol. Ru), as well as new thematic sections (“To help the disabled”, “Young families”, “Calculators for calculating the subsidy for housing and communal services and monthly allowance for "”), allowing citizens to quickly receive relevant information, as well as independently calculate and determine their right to this or that type of assistance. To ensure equal opportunities in obtaining and accessing services in electronic form, training was provided for elderly citizens and disabled computer literacy , including Internet training, from 1000 to 1200 people should be trained during the project period.

The creation of multifunctional consulting and client services for the reception of the population will improve the quality of the provided social support measures and optimize the distribution of workload for specialists while maintaining the same number of staff. Thanks to the multi-functional consulting service, citizens will be able to find out about their rights and possible services without a personal visit to the USZ using the most convenient means of communication for them: e-mail, Skype video receptions and online consultations. It is assumed that such means of information communication will be comfortable, primarily for residents of remote areas, the elderly and people with disabilities.

Reducing the level of social distress of families and people with limited mobility, as well as establishing feedback with the population of remote villages is carried out by the created mobile services. In 2012, 1,524 mobile team visits were carried out.

During the implementation of the Di @ Log project, an increase in the number of electronic requests for the provision of social support measures is expected; an increase in the number of consultations (up to 50,000 per year) received in the multifunctional consulting service; a decrease in the number of citizens' calls to customer service to 80,000 per year (in 2011, 104,000 received such requests from the Department). At the same time, an increase in the amount of information on measures of social support to 2000 units per year is expected, and also in connection with the creation and organization of interdepartmental electronic document management, new forms of accessible services should appear.

The analysis of visits by citizens to the official site of the USZN of the Stary Oskol city district showed that the opening of new personal information functions on it leads to a 2-fold increase in the average daily rate of visitors to the website of the USZN. So, if in 2010 the number of visitors per day was 60 people, in 2011 with the introduction of such modules as “Calculators for calculating subsidies for housing and communal services and monthly child allowance” the number of visitors per day increased to 120 people, and after creation in April In 2012, the ability to view the history of payment of the EBC for housing and communal services increased the number of visitors per day to 200 people.

As an experiment, from April 2012 on the USZN website, the module “Information on the amount of monetary compensation for the payment of housing and communal services” was posted. In the future, it is planned to provide citizens with information on all social benefits to which he is entitled.

The organization of mobile mobile teams in order to provide emergency assistance to citizens and establish feedback with the population of remote villages will reduce the level of social disadvantage of families and people with limited mobility.

When developing the project were taken into account possible riskssuch as untimely and incomplete financing of planned events and untimely fulfillment by suppliers of the terms of the contract for the development and implementation of an electronic queue for reception.

Along with the launch of the Di @ Log project, the Department of Automation and Information Support of the Department of Social Protection of the Old Oskol City District launched another PR project - the service “Citizen’s Social Account”. The main goal of the latter is to improve the quality and accessibility of citizens to receive state and municipal social services through electronic personal information.

Among key features of the service “Social Personal Account of a Citizen”, the following can be noted: providing personal information about the rights to receive social benefits; on received social payments (payment history); receiving applications for the provision of necessary information in electronic form using feedback.

The algorithm of this service is as follows. A citizen, when personally applying to the USZN, writes a statement on the provision of access to the “social personal account”. When applying for access, a citizen is given his individual password to enter the service. After authorization

in your personal account, a citizen can view the full information about his personal file, the history of all charges and payments and submit an application for the provision of the personal information he needs (for example, a more complete listing of the accrued amounts of the EBC to the housing and communal services), indicating his e-mail to receive an answer on time.

Estimated amount of information displayed to the citizen:

Personal information (name, date of birth, address of registration and residence);

Information on preferential certificates;

Information on accounting features;

The history of all social payments of a citizen;

Filing an application in electronic form.

As a result of the implementation of the project “Social Personal Account of a Citizen” it is expected:

An increase in the number of citizens timely informed in terms of personal registration and the measures of social support provided to them (payment history) up to 5,000 people per year, i.e. approximately 10% of the recipients of all social payments;

An increase in the number of applications for people with limited mobility for social benefits to 700 people a year, that is, about 30% of citizens of this category;

Reducing the number of citizens who applied directly to management specialists by 4000 people per year;

Reducing the time for obtaining information on the measures provided for social support and passing documents by more than 2 times.

The experience of the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the Stary Oskol City District PR projects “Di @ log” and “Social Personal Account of a Citizen” demonstrates their usefulness to all interested parties. In particular, for USZN clients, the implementation of the projects reviewed will, among other things, save time in solving difficult life situations; minimize their participation as applicants in the process of providing social guarantees. For OSS, the successful operation of projects should contribute to the adoption of effective and timely management decisions based on accurate, timely and objective information.

So, modern PR-technologies are only just beginning to be established in the domestic sphere of social protection of the population. Every year, the demand for PR-technologies in this area is growing, since their advantages are obvious in solving the problem of improving the quality and accessibility of state and municipal social services. At the same time, the potential for their use and the degree of effectiveness of application in the social protection sector still leaves much to be desired. Constraining factors in the development of PR-technologies in the field of social protection of the population are, among other things, the insufficient development of institutions and initiatives of civil society; weak interest russian business in supporting and financing PR projects

field of activity under consideration; absence in the Russian Federation of legislation governing rights, responsibility and quality professional activity PR specialists. At the same time, PR - technologies in the system of social protection of the population have development prospects that are caused, among other things, by the demand for this type of technology among non-profit organizations, and above all, institutions of social services and social security; ordinary citizens in need of social assistance and support; power structures; as well as the growth of professionalism of PR specialists themselves.

Bibliographic list

1. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 15, 2009 No. 478 “On a unified system of information and reference support for citizens and organizations on issues of interaction with executive authorities and local governments using the information and telecommunications network Internet” [Electronic resource] // Information legal portal "Guarantor". - Access mode: http: // www. garant. com / hotlaw / federal / 198315 / # review.

2. The development strategy of the information society in the Russian Federation, approved by Order of the President of the Russian Federation of February 7, 2008 No. Pr-212. "[Electronic resource] // Information and legal portal" Guarantor ". - Access mode: http: // www. garant. com / products / ipo / prime / doc / 92762 /.

3. Project activities of USZN [Electronic resource] // Site "Management of social protection of the population of the administration of the Stary Oskolsky urban district of the Belgorod region." - Access mode: http: // www. sznoskol. ru / index. php? option \u003d com_content & view \u003d article & id \u003d 1374 & Itemid \u003d 21.

4. Social project “Social Personal Account of a Citizen” // Website “Management of Social Protection of the Population of the Administration of the Stary Oskolsky City District of the Belgorod Region”. - Access mode: http: // www. sznoskol. ru / index. php? option \u003d com_content & view \u003d article & id \u003d 1159 /.

Comparative analysis inhibitory component

fire retardant action of xerogel coating and action of impregnating fire retardant for wood

Chernukha A.A., Nosal D.G., Martynovich A.M.

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine, Kharkov

The tests were carried out on the installation of the type "OTM-2" with constant registration of the temperature of the flue gases (TDG) and the mass of the processed wood sample. The averaged results are presented in the form of graphs in Figures 1 and 2.

The text of the work is posted without images and formulas.
The full version of the work is available in the tab "Files of work" in PDF format

Introduction

1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Art. 22 proclaimed that every person, as a member of society, has the right to social security. This right, by its nature, should make it possible to ensure, taking into account the material possibilities available to society, the person’s worthy existence in the event of such situations of life when he is not able to receive a source of income in exchange for labor spent. The norms of the declaration link the realization of the right of every person to a decent standard of living not only during the period when a person works, but also in cases of unemployment, illness, disability, widowhood, old age or other cases of loss of livelihood due to circumstances beyond the control of the citizen.

According to Art. 39 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, every citizen of Russia is guaranteed social security by age, in case of illness, disability, loss of a breadwinner, for raising children and in other cases established by law.

Social protection and social security in a state-organized society is an area of \u200b\u200binterweaving vital interests of citizens, property and distribution relations, legal methods and methods of their regulation, state social policy and socio-economic human rights. It is also the sphere of refraction of such universal values \u200b\u200bas equality, social justice, humanism, moral principles of society. The purpose of social security is, first of all, in that it is a special form of satisfying the livelihood needs of the elderly and the disabled.

The constitutive signs of social security include: objective grounds that necessitate a special mechanism of social protection of citizens aimed at maintaining or providing a certain level of life support (illness, old age, disability, unemployment, etc.); special funds, sources of social security; special ways of providing livelihoods; fixing the rules for providing social security in the law.

The objective grounds for social security, with all their differences, affect a person’s ability to work in the direction of its temporary or permanent limitation or complete loss. They predetermine the need for a certain number of people to obtain a source of livelihood from society in exchange for new labor expended; the need for preventive measures for able-bodied members of society with the goal of normal reproduction work force and protecting their health, etc.

Any of these needs can be realized if it is recognized by society as socially significant, that is, enshrined in law. The ignoring by society of these needs will not be slow to affect its normal functioning. Another thing is that both the degree of recognition and the degree of ignoring these needs are related to the economic basis of society. This is due to the fact that, by its economic nature, social security is directly or indirectly related to the distribution and redistributive relations of society.

It should be noted that in modern society, social security has ceased to act in the form of good will, grace, provided by the more affluent sections of society to its less affluent categories of citizens. It also cannot be regarded as a privilege right of certain sections of society.

Social protection as special social institution the modern state is an indicator of social confidence, a social guarantee of the worthy development of each member of society and the preservation of the source of livelihood when social risks occur.

    The main directions of social policy in

Russian Federation

One of the most important areas of state policy is social protection. It supports the material and social status of each person in society. In other words, it helps those sections of the population who, due to some circumstances, cannot independently provide for their existence. The right of citizens of the Russian Federation to social protection is enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which declared that the Russian Federation is a social state whose policy is aimed at creating conditions ensuring a decent life and free human development. The Constitution also stipulates that every citizen of Russia is guaranteed social security by age, in case of illness, disability, loss of a bread-winner, for raising children and in other cases established by law.

Speaking more specifically about the very definition of social protection, we can say that social protection is a special type of socio-economic activity that focuses on different segments of the population. Social protection is a state policy aimed at ensuring social, economic, political and other rights and guarantees of a person, regardless of gender, nationality, age, place of residence and other circumstances.

Social protection should provide a guaranteed intermediate minimum, purchasing power of citizens, protection of health, life and property. The need for social protection proceeds from the existence of a social need to have a system of laws in the state that will compensate for the social imperfection of the organization of production of material goods and their distribution.

Social security is the main part of the social protection of the population. The law establishes state pensions and social pensions, encourages voluntary social insurance, the creation of additional forms of social security and charity.

Social protection and social security, this is the sphere of such universal values \u200b\u200bas equality, social justice, humanism and moral principles of society. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, announced that everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security. The role of social security is that it is a special form of satisfying certain needs for livelihoods of disabled citizens and the elderly. In the Russian Federation, labor and human health are protected, a guaranteed minimum wage is established, state support for families, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood is provided, state pensions, benefits and other guarantees of social protection are established.

Forms of social protection of the population can be classified on various grounds: depending on the recipient of the social protection:

General, aimed at the entire population.

Exceptional, provided in special cases, on the basis of special normative acts, support for persons affected by natural disasters, natural and man-made disasters, and so on.

The main forms of social protection of the population are pension provision, provision of social benefits, privileges for especially needy categories of the population, state social insurance and social services.

Social protection measures may be expressed as cash payments or social services. Cash payments include pensions, allowances, scholarships, subsidies, subsidies and compensation. The services should include both natural types of content, for example, medicine, and the beneficial effect that arose as a result of labor, as well as targeted human activities, for example, drug delivery. Among the means of social protection are also advantages and benefits.

The advantages are expressed in granting citizens a priority or extraordinary right to receive a social good, and benefits ease the conditions for satisfying social needs and make it free or at a lower cost, more precisely, they relieve the recipient entity from performing any duties. Benefits and benefits may extend to able-bodied citizens as an incentive.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation not only proclaims the right of citizens to social protection, but also clearly defines the ways of its implementation, first of all, state insurance of workers, creation of other funds that are sources of financing social protection of the population, as well as the adoption of federal laws guaranteeing the implementation of these rights These are the Law “On the Basics of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation” and the Law “On Social Protection of the Disabled in the Russian Federation”.

According to the method of implementation, active and passive social policies can be distinguished. Passive social policy involves artificially restraining prices, stabilizing or increasing due to this standard of living, and increasing subsidies in all areas of social protection. But active politics is most preferable. The main thing in it is the creation of conditions for the manifestation of initiative and the increasing role of the state in supporting the living standards of pensioners and children.

The provision of state social assistance is carried out in two forms:

1) cash payments, i.e. social benefits, subsidies, compensation and other payments;

2) in-kind assistance, which means fuel, food, clothes, shoes, medicines and other types of in-kind assistance.

The essence of social protection is manifested in such functions as economic, political, demographic and social rehabilitation.

The economic function is to replace earnings, income or maintenance lost due to age, disability, loss of breadwinner; partial reimbursement of additional expenses upon the occurrence of certain life circumstances; the provision of minimal cash or in-kind assistance to poor citizens.

The political function contributes to maintaining social stability in a society in which there are significant differences in the standard of living of different segments of the population.

The demographic function is designed to stimulate the reproduction of the population necessary for the normal development of the country.

The social and rehabilitation function is aimed at restoring the social status of disabled citizens and other socially weak groups of the population, allowing them to feel like full members of society.

Social protection was and will play the most important role in the development and support of society. Indeed, if there is no social protection, then the low-income level of the population will be on the verge of poverty. Someone of course will be able to survive, but someone will not, these people will simply become lost to society. You can give an example, a pensioner who lives alone or a person who has laid down and cannot take care of himself, how will they survive without social assistance? They will not be able to survive.

The state is playing critical role in organizing social protection of the population, organizing pension services and providing benefits, social services, social assistance to families and children, preparing legislation on social protection of the population, provisions on the basics of social policy, social standards and recommendations for developing regional social programs, providing foreign economic and international cooperation , analyzing and predicting the standard of living of various categories of the population.

Social protection of the population includes social security, social insurance and social assistance, is consistent with the social policy of the state, which, according to the Constitution, is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free human development.

    Problems of social protection of the population in the Russian Federation

The social protection of the population always plays a huge role. In order to develop and prosper, the state must embody the right and justice, the support of its population. The stability of society, its sustainable development, and, as a result, its national security depend on the state of the social sphere and the effectiveness of the state policy in the field of social support for citizens. The article identifies the existing problems of social support of the population in Russia at the present stage, and also outlines measures to increase its effectiveness. Key words: social support of the population, social policy, problems of social support, measures to improve the effectiveness of social assistance, priority goals of social protection.

Social support of the population is all kinds of activities that are carried out by social protection authorities as part of social policy in Russia. Such events are aimed at providing assistance to certain categories of citizens who need support. They are carried out in accordance with the legislative and legal acts of the country. In the Russian Federation there is a program called: "Social Support for Citizens."

It outlines the main guidelines and tasks that must be completed before 2020. First of all, this is the fulfillment of the obligations of our country for social support of citizens. The second task is to meet the needs of citizens in social services. The next task is to create favorable conditions for the functioning of the family institution. And the last task in this program is to increase the importance of non-governmental non-profit organizations in the provision of social services to the population. To date, the Russian Federation has not formed a sufficiently clear approach to reform the current system of social protection. It should be noted that in the system prevailing in Russia, there is an extremely high role of the state. At the moment, the main problem of state social support for the population in Russia is the lack of a single federal law that could fully regulate state support for Russian families.

Currently, there is only a draft of such a federal law: “On the Basics state support families in the Russian Federation ”, which establishes legal basis state support of the family, defines the goals, principles and priorities of state support of the family as an important direction of state social policy. Despite the fact that recently our state has taken a whole range of measures that could improve the financial situation of pensioners, families with children, the unemployed and the disabled, there are still a number of acute painful problems in the field of social security.

Of particular note is the problem associated with the state and prospects of the development of the pension system. These problems are by no means limited to questions about the retirement age. Various proposals have been put forward for the development of the pension system by abolishing mandatory pension savings, switching to voluntary savings that the state will stimulate and so on.

The solution to these problems depends not only on the state of the country's economy, but also on new concept pension provision. The next urgent problem is the provision of social support to people who find themselves in difficult living conditions. Such people include homeless people, refugees, migrants and migrants. To solve this problem, it is necessary, through the joint efforts of the territorial bodies of social protection with other interested services, to solve the problems of organizing night-stay houses, as well as social shelters and hotels. It is necessary to minimize the cases of refusal to help people who are in an emergency. In addition, in Russia there is a problem that is associated with the provision of a number of measures of social support to the population on a categorical basis. That is, in accordance with the status of a citizen, which is defined by both federal and regional legislation.

For example, with this approach, social support measures are provided to labor veterans, home front workers, victims of political repression, as well as certain categories of rural specialists and others. The provision of other measures of social support is carried out taking into account poverty, which is based on an assessment of income, property or housing needs. Most social support measures are financed from the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. At the same time, regional differentiation is observed specific gravity social support measures provided at the expense of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the total number of social support measures provided.

Also, one of the problems of social support for the population is the presence of a dependent attitude among the population, as well as the lack of interest among some citizens in improving their own well-being. The Government of the Russian Federation plans to introduce some measures to increase the effectiveness of social assistance to the population until 2020:

The first is the modernization of the labor market. In our country, relatively low unemployment. This requires more effective measures to harness the existing labor resources, their distribution at the points of economic growth. To achieve this, it is necessary to reduce the cost of moving to new places of work, as well as to ensure the availability of infrastructure throughout the country.

Secondly, the creation of new opportunities for the development of branches of human capital, namely education and healthcare.

Thirdly, providing families with children with intensive support. For instance, maternal capital, which has become an important tool of social policy. The government has expanded its scope and extends the implementation of this program.

Fourth, the continuation of the payment of monthly benefits to large families, including subsidies for housing and communal services.

Fifth, the elimination of the queue for land for large families or the provision of housing. The Government plans to fulfill this goal in three years.

Sixth, the development of a comprehensive program of assistance to the elderly. Such a program will be aimed at obtaining adequate medical care. It is necessary to update the support system for the elderly, which should meet the needs modern society. The structure of modern life should provide the structure of life of older people. Seventh, the modernization of the health care system, since the level of its development determines the quality of life of any citizen.

This task is quite difficult to perform. At a minimum, this is associated with high costs. For instance, cash, which have been invested in recent years in modern medical equipment, in scale exceed all that has been done previously.

Eighth, clear wording of state guarantees of free medical care. The priority is the development of primary health care, telemedicine, the introduction of a unified electronic patient card.

Ninth, ensuring the availability and quality of drugs. This task is the most significant for the state. It is imperative that even low-income patients benefit from medication. It is also necessary to increase the effectiveness of the quality control system of manufactured drugs, medicines and medical equipment. In addition, on June 6, 2016, the “Plan of Activities of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation for 2016 and the planning period until 2021” was released, in which five priority goals were identified aimed at solving the tasks set for the state. Decent work, fair salary. A decent pension for a long conscientious work. Improving the demographic situation. Social protection will approach a person. Public civil service should become open and professional.

Thus, we can conclude that in our state there are a sufficient number of problems associated with social support of the population. However, solutions to these problems have already been outlined. The state currently focuses on the social sphere of our country, because this sphere is the most important for the population. It gives a person confidence in his state, a sense of calm and desire to develop and help his country “move forward”.

Conclusion

The most important attribute of the democratic model of social protection of the population is its multi-personality and polyformism of economic foundations, which are provided by civil society institutions, voluntary, informal efforts, corporate structures, religious denominations. Non-state actors of social protection with their economic foundations, creative potential should be fully integrated into the system of social protection of Russia.

The activities of the “third sector” limit the monopoly of the authorities of social protection, so his initiatives often meet with resistance. At the same time, many types, forms of social protection, especially at the local level, can be implemented by non-state actors more efficiently and with significant cost savings, for example, on a competitive basis in the performance of state and municipal social orders, etc.

The system of social protection of the population has a decisive dependence on the economy. It is in this area that resources are redistributed to social policy. In this regard, it is very important to significantly reduce the volume of the shadow economy, including the shadow labor market. “Optimization”, or even just tax evasion, unofficial and unaccounted payrolls, significantly reduce the level of social guarantees for workers and worsen the economic opportunities for financing state extra-budgetary social funds.

In the sphere of economics, the self-realization of the individual as an economically independent, self-sufficient subject occurs. Therefore, effective employment, the growth of national production, the restoration of the reproductive and stimulating function of remuneration, the growth of real incomes are the best shock absorbers for the negative effects of social risks on workers. There is no doubt that only with a substantial increase in real incomes of the entire population, stabilization of mechanisms and institutions of social insurance, expansion of participation and responsibility of non-state actors in the social protection system, increase in the volume of functions performed by civil society structures, and ensuring the self-realization of the individual, we can build our own social protection system The population is quite effective and meets Russian social culture and traditions.

LIST OF USED LITERATURE

    The Constitution of the Russian Federation dated 12.12.1993 (as amended on 07.21.2014).

    Message from the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly in 2016.

    The article “On the results of analysis of the socio-economic consequences of the implementation of measures of social support for the population by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in accordance with Federal law dated August 22, 2004 No. 122-ФЗ (“The Law on the Monetization of Benefits”) of the Analytical Center under the Government of the Russian Federation.

    An article by D. A. Medvedev from 2016 "Social and economic development - finding a new dynamic." Official site of the State social support of citizens: [Electronic resource]. Access mode: - "http://www.socialnaya-podderzhka.ru/formy_socialnoj_podderzhki/".

    Official site of the journal “Issues of Economics”: [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: - http://www.vopreco.ru/ (accessed: 03.03.2017). Official website of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection: [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: - http://www.rosmintrud.ru/ministry/programms/3/2.

    Official website of the Government of Russia: [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: - http://government.ru/.

purpose course work - to study the problems of social protection in Russia.
The object of study is the problems of social protection in Russia.
The subject is the theoretical foundations and features, the current state, the problems of social protection in Russia and the prospects for their solution.

Introduction …………………………………………………………….… .. 3
1. Theoretical basis social protection of the population ……… .. 5
1.1. The concept and essence of social protection of the population ………… .5
1.2. Methods of social protection of the population ………………………… 8
2. Analysis of the practice of social protection in Russia ……………… ..13
2.1. The system of social protection of the population of Russia ……… .. …… ..13
2.2. Problems of social protection in Russia …………………… .... 18
3. Prospects for the development of a social protection system
population in Russia …………………………………………………… ..25
Conclusion ………………………………………………………. ……… ..… .30
Bibliography…………………

Files: 1 file

2.2. Problems of social protection in Russia

Until now, Russia has not formed sufficiently clear approaches to reforming the existing system of social protection, which is characterized by an extremely high paternalistic role of the state and extremely poorly defined public institutions. Over the past few years, the social protection of the Russian population has been oriented towards an addressable operational solution to the most acute, crisis, and vital problems of certain categories of citizens on an application basis. At a certain stage, this path was most real for the practical solution of problems in this area and seemed successful. However, time has shown that this approach does not have a long-term effect, since it is not aimed at preventing the recurrence of crisis situations, at the prospective social protection of each individual person and the population as a whole.

We highlight the following main areas of social protection and approaches to their reform:

1. The social protection of children, childhood and adolescence should be focused on creating conditions for the life and development of children, allowing all children, regardless of which family they were born and live in, to have the best opportunities to maintain their health, material well-being, and free, accessible education, preschool and school education, harmonious spiritual and moral development, realization of one’s abilities

Particular attention should be paid to orphans, as well as children from dysfunctional families. We must learn to take care of these children so that they do not feel superfluous, alienated from society, and the state does not seem to them something abstract, useless, or even hostile.

It is necessary to streamline the process of commercializing services intended for children in the areas of education, health, children's creativity, physical education and sports and identify institutions where appropriate.

Social protection of children, childhood and adolescence should effectively protect children of all age groups, as well as periods of development, from social risks:

  • causing:
  • stillbirth and pathological birth;
  • congenital and birth defects, injuries and diseases;
  • fasting and malnutrition for children;
  • neglect and vagrancy; economic and sexual exploitation;
  • addiction to bad habits (alcohol, tobacco smoking, drugs, etc.);
  • negative psychological impactdiscrimination based on national, sexual, property or any other criteria;
  • involvement in political activity and hostilities;
  • living in an environmentally disadvantaged environment, involvement in inhumane religious and religious organizations and movements.
  • obstructing:
  • health protection;
  • stay of the child in the family;
  • obtaining education and spiritual and moral education;
  • the formation of a comfortable psychological climate for each child in the family, children's groups, in the region of residence, in the country;
  • the development of potential professional, creative and other socially useful abilities;
  • familiarization with cultural values;
  • physical education and sports;
  • creating conditions for games, other forms of reasonable entertainment and safe relaxation;
  • religion choice;
  • the intended use of benefits and cash savings intended for children, the property interests of children.

At the state level, one should unambiguously decide on the ideology of children's benefits: either explicitly give the status of these benefits as poverty benefits, and then the family’s income will become the criterion for their payment, or such benefits should be considered as a manifestation of the state policy of supporting the domestic gene pool and birth rate, and therefore payment Benefits should not depend on which family the child belongs to.

2. The social protection of the working-age population should provide for the creation of conditions that ensure a balance of the rights, duties and interests of citizens, when a person can fully realize the ability to economic independence, while not compromising the interests of fellow citizens and participating in social assistance to needy people. Labor, its remuneration and, as a result, monetary savings, acquired securities and real estate should become the main sources of income and social well-being of a person, and no one has the right to encroach on them.

3. The social protection of disabled citizens should be aimed at the humanization of all spheres of life of these people.

It is unacceptable that any of them feel like an extra person burdening their loved ones, society. Everyone should keep their desire and opportunity to live in the family as long as possible, actively participate in the economic, political, cultural development of society, use all its benefits and, if possible, increase them. The leading role in solving the problems of these citizens belongs to social services and pensions, which require reform.

Social protection of disabled citizens should include mechanisms to ensure:

  • all persons permanently residing in the territory of the Russian Federation receive full social security regardless of race, nationality, gender, language, place of residence, type and nature of activity in the face of a variety of forms of ownership and other circumstances;
  • full pension coverage in old age, in case of illness, disability, loss of a breadwinner, in other cases provided for by law, regardless of the territory of which state the right to pension provision is acquired, as well as the payment of state benefits to families with children;
  • strict implementation of the legislative regulation of pension provision, to prevent under any circumstances delays in the payment of pensions, both state and other;
  • implementation of measures for preferential pension provision for people with disabilities, as well as measures aimed at preventing disability, ensuring the social security of people with disabilities, creating conditions necessary for them to exercise their rights and legitimate interests, developing their creative abilities, unhindered access to social infrastructure, medical, professional and social rehabilitation;
  • homestay
  • preservation of cash savings and securities;
  • property interests;
  • decent provision of funeral services.

4. Social protection of the family as a fundamental pillar of society and the state provides for the need to fully support the institution of the family. It is the family that is able to preserve society, its values. Therefore, family policy, aimed at providing people with decent conditions for creating, maintaining and developing a family, is an integral part of the social protection of the population.

Forms and methods of social protection of a person should be differentiated, but necessarily accessible, complete, not degrading human dignity, as much as possible focused on prevention and ways of positive resolution by an individual of complex critical situations

The development of a mechanism for the functioning of the system of multidisciplinary targeted social protection of the population should be carried out in the following areas:

  • determination of the role and place of social protection of the population in the social development of the country and regions;
  • legal support of social protection, clearly defining social risks, the consequences of which are subject to correction guaranteed by the state;
  • development state standards services in healthcare, education, culture and social services (taking into account regional and local conditions for the reproduction of labor and population) for their targeted use in planning social spending and their phased increase;
  • legal regulation of the prevention of social risks;
  • development of strategic scenarios for the development of the social complex;
  • delineation of powers between federal bodies and authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on social issues;
  • the development of structural reform of public administration of the social complex, including the legal support for its development;
  • institutional and organizational transformations of the social complex:
  • demonopolization;
  • infrastructure development;
  • privatization of social facilities;
  • regulation of paid social services.
  • social investment policy;
  • setting priorities for the development of the social sphere;
  • innovation policy of social technologies;
  • the formation of federal social programs focused on managing social processes;
  • the formation of federal, regional, interregional and regional programs of social development, including social protection of the population;
  • the creation of a system of information support for the population about the legal, labor and other regulation of society, with a focus on people actively solving their problems, as well as a reliable, simple and affordable definition of the role of the state in this process.

Particular importance should be given to the development of state social standards. The cornerstone is the question of minimum standards. In legal terms, the minimization of assistance to a person who needs it is abstract, and in moral and ethical terms - in many cases absurd. It is necessary to introduce a different concept into the legal field - the minimum state social guarantees, clearly formulate their interpretation and implementation mechanism.

The decisive factor in the success of solving social protection problems will be the adequacy of the financial resources allocated for these purposes to the needs of people. The existing state centralized financial support has led to an exorbitant burden on the state budget and non-fulfillment of state obligations for social protection of the population, which causes dissatisfaction of citizens and social tension in society.

The solution of the problems of social protection of the population of Russia, providing the above priorities, will require a serious analysis of the state of the social sphere, the existing forms and methods of social assistance to the population, assessment of existing health services, education, social protection, employment, migration and other responsible structures.

The need to search for fundamentally different approaches to managing social processes is obvious. Such management should be based on reliable, dynamically tracked information about people's needs for social assistance and services and about the resources available for this (financial, material, technical, instrumental, institutional, organizational).

In various territories of Russia, striking differences are noted in the material situation of non-production workers. This situation requires the most careful study and the search for an adequate solution.

State obligations on its social guarantees must be fulfilled at all levels. In the same situations when this cannot be done, it is necessary to clearly explain to people the causes and possible solutions to the problem.

3. Prospects for the development of a social protection system

population in Russia

The head of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia announced at a meeting of the Federation Council on the discussion of the main parameters of the federal budget for 2010 and for the period 2011 and 2012: "The total amount of federal budget expenditures for social payments in 2010 will amount to 582 billion rubles"

According to the Minister, the Government has identified several areas that will be provided in full. "These are social payments, the national project" Health ", drug policy, pension payments, as well as maintaining the labor market," Tatyana Golikova said.

According to her, the total amount of demographic benefits in 2010 will be 154.6 billion rubles, and 16.8 million people will receive a monthly cash payment in the country as a whole, most of them almost 13 million are disabled.

Tatyana Golikova noted that in 2010 the total amount of payments on maternal and family capital will amount to 102 billion rubles.

"We assume that 70% of this amount will go to repay mortgages and purchase housing by citizens, and 30% will go to education and the formation of the funded part of the mother’s pension," she said.

The Minister also noted that the financing of the national project "Health" will not be reduced in 2010, and 142 billion rubles will be allocated from the federal budget for its implementation.

Particular attention will be paid to projects related to the formation of a healthy lifestyle, and the main event in this area will be the development of a network of health and prevention centers throughout the country.

According to her, payments to district doctors and a number of other categories of doctors providing primary medical care to the population will continue. "All this will happen within the framework of the national project" Health ", and funds will be allocated to increase the availability and quality of high-tech medical care provided to the population in the subjects, including for patients with cardiovascular diseases," the Minister said.

Tatyana Golikova said that due to the implementation of the national project “Health”, the natural population decline over the 7 months of 2009 compared to the same period last year decreased by 32%, the mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases decreased by 5%, and mortality from 12% decreased traffic accidents.

Concerning preferential provision of medicines, the Minister said that 5 million people fall into this category, and about 4 billion rubles will be allocated to the subjects for these purposes by the federal budget.

“It should be noted that the number of citizens who receive expensive drugs is growing significantly. There are 70.6 thousand such people in the country, and on average 613 thousand rubles are spent on the treatment of one person from the federal budget,” she said .

The social sector reform strategy proposed by the current Russian government, The main directions of the socio-economic policy of the Government of the Russian Federation for the long term. Approved at a meeting of the Government of the Russian Federation on June 28, 2000; The development strategy of the Russian Federation until 2010 // Kommersant. 2000. No. 83. May 12 includes proposals for the development of individual sectors of the social sphere complex (education, healthcare, culture, employment, social protection, sports, etc.). The general guidelines here are: ensuring universal accessibility and socially acceptable quality of basic social services, which include, first of all, medical services and secondary education; ensuring the most effective protection of socially vulnerable households; creating economic conditions for the able-bodied population, allowing citizens to ensure a higher level of social consumption at the expense of their own incomes.

The social protection reform is based on the following principles:

1) Redistribution of social spending in favor of poor households. In order to free up the necessary budgetary resources, it is planned to reduce budgetary subsidies to producers of goods and services, as well as benefits and payments provided on a categorical basis. It is necessary to revise federal social legislation. Social assistance should be provided mainly in targeted form and only to those households whose actual consumption is below the subsistence level.

To this end, management bodies at the regional and local levels will have to make wider use of the procedures for mandatory verification of the need of recipients of social assistance. It is also envisaged to establish restrictions on the total number of types of social assistance and benefits that can be provided simultaneously to the same family.

A shift to targeted aid delivery can significantly improve the situation of low-income families. Nevertheless, for a limited number of recipients, such as veterans of the Great Patriotic War, liquidators of the Chernobyl accident, Heroes of the Soviet Union and Russia, categorical benefits are preserved regardless of their financial situation. These benefits are supposed to be converted into cash payments and made from the federal budget. The benefits established for various categories of civil servants, law enforcement officials and military personnel should also be transferred to the form of cash payments and included in labor remuneration.

  • 2) Redistribution of powers to implement federal social legislation. The social sector reform strategy involves changing the current order of interaction between federal and regional authorities and local self-government in the field of social protection.
  • 3) Diversification of service. The priority tasks in this area are expanding the capabilities of citizens using free or subsidized services at the choice of service providers, including in the field of healthcare and education, as well as diversification of the forms of services based on the active involvement of the private sector. It provides for equal access to state financing through the mechanism of social order for state and non-state organizations providing social services.

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