Surprisingly, it turns out to be quite profitable cow business – breeding and sales() for various purposes brings good income. You can raise livestock, specializing in meat production, or you can raise it for dairy products. The first is a little cheaper than the second, but both options are quite profitable. Moreover, a cow business will not require serious investments.
Cow breeding as a business
First of all, you need to know that without special knowledge and skills, breeding cows is a very risky business. First, it is worth studying the types, characteristics of each type of cattle, as well as the rules for breeding cows. Moreover, you definitely need to create a business plan for breeding cows in order to understand exactly how your business should develop.
At the stage of studying information about breeding cows, you should thoroughly study the following questions:
Once these questions have been studied, you can begin to draw up a business plan for breeding cows. The document must include the following actions to open an enterprise:
Purchase or lease of land for the construction of a complex for breeding cows;
construction of a cowshed;
purchase of young animals in accordance with the goals of the cow business.
The barn itself must be at least 30x6 m for 30 heads of cattle. And it’s better for him to be in the countryside. Ideally, there will be agricultural land or enterprises nearby where manure can be sold, saving on logistics. To breed cows, it is necessary to build a separate heated room.
Business on cows and formalities
In order to register a cow business, when registering an enterprise you must indicate OKVED 01.2, which gives permission for animal husbandry. It is better to choose a simplified tax system. must assume the construction of a barn far from enterprises of a similar nature.
Sales points include:
Wholesale companies or private resellers;
retail outlets in nearby settlements;
the nearest big markets.
Business price - necessary investments
To start, you will need about 700 thousand rubles, which will be spent on:
construction of the complex (170 thousand);
purchase of heads (5 cows, 12 bulls - more than 400 thousand in total);
purchase of feed for the year (60 thousand).
Another 20 thousand will have to be spent on wages for two workers. In addition, you will have to purchase special equipment, for example, milking machines.
Income will be generated from the sale of meat and milk wholesale and retail. When raising 30 heads, you can sell approximately 2 thousand liters of milk, as well as 300 kg of meat. On average, each type of product can bring in income of 700 thousand rubles.
In a year, about 60 thousand rubles will be spent on food, 240 thousand on salaries, plus expenses for rent and utilities. As a result, the business can pay for itself in about two years. In the future, it can be developed by first expanding sales markets and increasing the number of livestock.
Generally, cow breeding business for the purpose of obtaining and selling milk or meat is always a popular activity.
The initial organization of any business requires certain actions. These include an adequate assessment of one’s own strengths and capabilities (breeding calves requires dedication and time). It is also important to take into account the conditions of the region, since raising large animals requires large areas. It is impossible to organize the process in urban areas.
When planning the supply of meat to public catering establishments and shops, mandatory business registration will be required.
An important question on which the specifics of the case depends: “What does the farmer choose: purchasing young stock or independent?” Buying individuals eliminates a number of problems:
- acquisition of bull semen (or maintenance of a breeding bull);
- carrying out fertilization;
- organization of a separate building.
REFERENCE! In order for the bull to gain weight, optimal housing conditions must be created. Growth and development will depend on the amenities created.
Calves should only be kept in dry barns. The stalls must have a dense and reliable floor. Daily housekeeping is required. It is recommended to clean the floor with a stiff brush, and during warm periods, rinse it with running water.
Features of the case
The activity is specific. Calves need to be actively fed until a certain age, then slaughtered(or sell live weight). The peculiarity of the business is small investments.
The main difficulties are associated with the expenditure of effort and time on caring for animals. There are usually no problems with the sale of meat products: a wide market allows you to quickly sell the finished product.
Among the features of keeping bulls are the following:
Is it profitable?
The growth period of meat for slaughter is from 12 to 20 months. The average weight of one bull is 350 kg. The cost of meat and profit margins will depend on the conditions of each specific region. The business will fully pay off in 1-2 years. The work will generate income only if it is implemented correctly. People who are not afraid of physical labor should start such a business.
ADVICE! If you sell meat directly to stores or restaurants, your income will be significantly higher than when selling to wholesalers.
Characteristics of a suitable site
The preferred area for raising beef bulls is a plot with a large and free area of land. It could be a mini farm, an old dacha, a private farmstead. There must be a place for organizing the corral and walking of livestock.
In the summer, animals will begin to actively gain weight - this will require daily walking (keeping them in a stall will increase aggressiveness and cause illness). There should be meadows or fields for grazing near the barn.
We are equipping the building
Area per head – 10 sq.m. (including food storage space). Brick or slab (inexpensive but high-quality material) are suitable for building a shed. From an economic point of view, it is more profitable to rent a ready-made complex with everything you need.
Bulls are clean animals, so The barn must be arranged so that it is easy to clean. Attention should also be paid to the selected area: water should not accumulate on it.
Organizing a barn
The characteristics of a suitable building are warmth (not lower than 8 degrees), good ventilation and the possibility of ventilation. Drafts are strictly prohibited - they provoke illness. When the herd size is more than 10 heads, it is better to automate the process of supplying water and feed.
It is important that animals have constant free access to feeders and drinkers (but it is not advisable to place them on the floor; the optimal height is 8-10 cm from the floor level). To purify the air inside the building, farmers use ash - it absorbs ammonia and gases. You can pour it on paths or put it in boxes.
How to choose animals?
When choosing a breed, you need to consider several important indicators:
- Live weight: does the calf meet breed standards?
- Level of development, general physique, presence of defects or deficiencies.
- Pedigree of the calf (mother's productivity and father's weight).
Purchase of young animals
When selecting individuals, you should pay attention to weight (optimal 90-100 kg) and age.
It is preferable to purchase young animals from special farms that engage in breeding. You can also purchase calves from breeding breeders.
Dairy bulls have a low purchase price (they need to be fed milk for up to 3 months).
Common types
Some cultivation features and the payback period depend on the breed. Farmers recommend buying fast-growing young animals, but not forgetting about the taste characteristics of the meat.
Before choosing a breed, you need to find out which individuals are suitable for keeping in the region of residence (expensive breeding bulls may not take root in a certain area). List of the best breeds:
- Charolais;
- Kazakh white-headed;
- Simmental;
Young animals must be kept separately from adult bulls (a separate barn must be built for calves). It is allowed to keep bulls with cows - this way the temperament of the males will be calmer.
In summer, it is possible to keep bull calves outdoors, but the pens will need to be additionally equipped with special plastic booths. Manure is removed 3 times a day, immediately after feeding.
IMPORTANT! Hoof horn growth should be monitored. Hoofs need to be trimmed and trimmed twice a year.
The walking area should be fenced with the strongest possible materials. Adult bulls can be released outside if they have a special stick and leash. The stick is secured in the nose ring of the individual. It is not recommended to walk with females or young animals at the same time.
Nutrition
In productive bulls the meat content is not less than 70%. To achieve this result, you need to provide intensive feeding. You won’t achieve high performance with hay and succulent grasses: The following products must be present in the diet:
Adding concentrates will replenish the body's supply of vitamins and microelements. The basis of the winter diet is hay, mixed feed and root vegetables. In summer, the main product is juicy and fresh grass. Individuals must spend at least 15 hours on pasture.
About reproduction
How to breed bulls? A breeding bull impregnates up to 50 cows per year. You can keep it on your own farm or use services (manual mating - a cow is brought to the bull). When individuals of different breeds mate, crossing or crossbreeding occurs. Among natural reproduction technologies:
- manual (matting under control);
- cooking method;
- free method.
Note! Today, natural reproduction methods are practically not used.
Business
Selling meat is a profitable business that will provide a stable income. The main model of activity is to rent a plot and purchase young animals, raise them and then sell them.
To be profitable, the herd size should not be less than 10 heads. It is especially important to create suitable housing conditions and maintain a balanced diet for animals. Up to 15 heads can be handled on your own; over 15, you will need hired personnel.
Is registration necessary?
Business registration is a prerequisite for sales and supplies. The farmer becomes an individual entrepreneur and receives appropriate quality certificates. Several other options are suitable for design:
- personal farming (not related to business);
- peasant-farmer plot (requires the involvement of partners).
We are recruiting staff
As assistants you need to choose people who know how and love to look after animals. It is also important to pay attention to personal qualities (responsibility, discipline).
For a herd of 20 bulls, 2-3 assistants are enough. Be sure to have a veterinarian on staff. This may be a permanent position or a visiting specialist.
Quantitative indicators: expenses and profits
Initial costs go towards setting up a barn, purchasing young animals and purchasing feed. On average, to open a farm and form a herd of 20 heads, you will need up to 500 thousand rubles.
Feed costs will amount to up to 20 thousand per year per bull. Additional expenses will appear later: a mini-tractor, a refrigerator, automatic feeders.
Attention! The initial investment will pay off in 16-18 months. The average amount of net profit is from 400 thousand per year.
Making a plan
The document contains the goal, directions of activity, calculation of costs and profits. A business plan for raising bull calves for meat, breeding and maintaining a herd of 20 heads includes the following expenses:
- Purchasing young stock.
- Renting and subsequent arrangement of a barn.
- Veterinary control and purchase of feed.
Is it profitable to raise bulls for meat? Income is calculated based on current prices. The expected amount and period of partial and full payback are necessarily included in the business strategy.
Raising calves for meat is an economically profitable enterprise. Remember that such activities require time, expense and physical effort. With proper organization and reasonable distribution of processes, you can establish a client base and receive a stable profit.
Useful video
Watch a video about raising bulls for meat:
Dairy products have always been in demand in our country.
It is impossible to imagine either a festive or daily table without them.
Therefore, many private entrepreneurs, when choosing a field of activity for themselves, prefer breeding as a business.
The profitability of such a business is irrefutable, especially as modern technologies for genetically modifying foods are developing, making it difficult for people to find quality products.
If you provide the consumer with a quality product, very soon the manufacturer will have a good reputation, many regular customers, and the business will progress successfully.
Since the market constantly demands fresh and high-quality dairy products, it makes sense to start breeding as a business.
Whether or not it is profitable to grow them for milk can be understood if you look a little at the numbers.
Statistics show that if you maintain a farm of cows to produce milk, the annual profit is about one million six hundred thousand rubles.
Breeding bulls for meat will bring one million three hundred thousand rubles a year. Another opportunity to earn money from keeping cows is to sell manure as soil fertilizer. It can be purchased in large quantities by farmers who grow crops in their fields. Thus, all funds spent on business promotion will be returned in one to two years.
The expected milk market is predominantly located in:
- Production workshops for the production of dairy products such as cheeses, kefirs and butters.
- Large markets that always need a huge amount of fresh produce.
- The counters are small in size, which are located in towns, villages and on the outskirts of the city.
Also, when starting a dairy business, you should consider competition. To avoid many problems later, it is better to immediately choose sales points and a place to build a farm where there are no similar enterprises nearby.
Starting capital amount
The initial capital for opening a dairy business will depend on how many livestock the farmer plans to keep. This determines the size of the premises, the purchase of food, and the hiring of full-time employees.
In total, costs could be as follows:
- For the construction or reconstruction of a premises, up to two hundred thousand rubles may be needed.
- To purchase livestock you will need about three hundred thousand rubles (if you buy seven or eight).
- To complete all the documentation for running a business you need about twenty thousand rubles.
As a result, you will need approximately five hundred or six hundred thousand rubles, depending on the number of livestock.
Annual expenses while doing business will be:
- Three hundred sixty thousand rubles for renting the premises (if it is your own, part of the money will go to pay utilities and other taxes).
- Sixty-five thousand rubles for the purchase of feed.
- Five hundred forty thousand rubles for the payment of regular wages to full-time employees.
- One hundred thousand rubles to pay off state taxes.
- About one hundred thousand rubles for other expenses, such as purchasing and maintaining equipment and treating animals.
Consequently, to maintain about a dozen cows, more than one million rubles will be required per year. If the business develops well, the owner may want to increase the number of livestock. In this case, expenses will increase, but income will also increase.
The state may cover a certain portion of the costs of organizing a new business. If you are familiar with the laws and rights, you can contact some services and authorities to receive subsidies for the purchase of livestock and buildings for their breeding, as well as for the purchase of feed. However, this option is not always available. Check with local government development agencies for details.
Where to start business development
Breeding cows as a business is not such a simple matter. Where to begin? The development of any business should begin with collecting information in this area.
First of all, you need to know everything about the following topics:
- Types of cows for milk and meat, their advantages.
- Features of keeping cows of the selected breed.
- The nuances of raising livestock at different times of the year, their reaction to rising and falling temperatures, different humidity.
- Opportunities for selling milk, meat products and manure. Learn about exchange and wholesale options.
Selection of cows for breeding
When choosing a cow breed and purchasing a herd for breeding for milk, you need to pay attention to the following factors:
- Growth rate of young heifers.
- Large size and weight of animals when they grow up.
- Good health of all individuals in the herd.
- High level of animal performance.
- The ability of cows to produce one healthy one each year.
- The ability of cows to produce large quantities of milk for many years in a row.
- Good adaptability of livestock to different climatic conditions and the ability to quickly adapt to changes.
Cows that meet the above requirements are distinguished by the following description:
- The abdominal area of the cow's body has a barrel shape, a round belly, and a thin, but highly durable, skeleton. This indicates that the animal’s food digestion system and lungs are working well.
- The shape of the head is elongated, it is light in weight. The horns are small and not wide. The withers are not sharp and not forked. The line of the back is straight, without unnecessary bends.
- The udder is large in size and weight. It has a sparse and soft hair covering. Its volume becomes significantly smaller after milking, and soft and elastic folds appear at the back of the udder. The highest yielding udders are bowl or tub shaped.
- The first third of a cow's lactation period is considered the most productive. The closer the end of this period is, the less milk it produces. When a cow is no longer young, she is less productive. Usually the amount of milk increases until the seventh lactation, after which it begins to gradually decrease.
Farm arrangement
The old building can be purchased or rented. When choosing, you should pay attention to the following features:
- To maintain a herd of ten individuals, a room measuring about 34 x 6 m is required. If the herd is small, the animals can be kept inside stalls. Their average size can be equal to two square meters.
- It is advisable to locate the farm in an area where there are many fields for growing crops. This will allow you to quickly find buyers for manure and transport it without difficulty.
- In order for the cows to be healthy and the milk to be of high quality, there must be a meadow for grazing animals near the buildings for their maintenance. Lush greens are an important element of the feed, and getting them from free natural resources can save money.
- The stall must have a drain and a door for manure.
If a farm with a population of several hundred cows is planned, grazing on the meadows will be unlikely, and all feed will be distributed using special machines directly inside the farm. In this case, the specifics of the area may be different: a building for keeping a herd and storing feed will take up more space, and the presence of a meadow nearby is not so important.
Catering and animal care
The diet of cows should include the following ingredients:
- Compound feed.
- Dried grass.
- Fresh greens.
It is also necessary to add all kinds of vitamin supplements to the food. The food should be varied and nutritious so that the animals do not lose weight and produce a lot of milk.
According to statistics, for one cow per day it is necessary to spend from nine to fifteen kilograms of hay. But this figure may vary depending on the season and climatic conditions. When a herd grazes in a meadow, it will consume much less food while in the stall. However, in winter, animals have a considerable appetite, so you should calculate in advance the amount of hay and feed that you need to stock up on so that the herd is well-fed and productive.
Animals will bring considerable income, since milk can be used to make butter, cheese and other fermented milk products, freeze meat, sell it fresh, or cover a stew. Another option for generating income is raising and reselling young animals. The first step of a novice farmer is a thorough analysis of the slightest nuances of the future business.
Before understanding how to breed cows, it is necessary to understand the ultimate goals of this action.
- Analysis of the conditions of the region of residence (are there fields for grazing).
- Economic factor (competitors and product market).
- Features of keeping cows in winter and summer.
- Clarification of the final goal (obtaining meat, milk or complex products). Selection of appropriate breeds.
- Environmental factor (where to sell manure).
Cows are distinguished by their large size, good appetite (they consume a lot of feed) and demanding conditions in their place of residence, but all these aspects are quickly covered by finished products.
What are the specifics of the case?
Life expectancy of 1 cow is more than 25 years. It takes at least 5 years for a calf to grow into a full-fledged and healthy animal. The average weight of cows living in households is 600 kg, on farms – 400 kg.
What features should be taken into account? In the first place are the rules of care in different seasons. Throughout the year, animals need to create optimal living conditions (maintain temperature, humidity). It is necessary to feed and milk the cattle, observing the regime. A paddock should be equipped for walking, but it is preferable to take the cows out to pasture (meadows, fields) in the warm season.
One of the important aspects for raising cows is to know the main diseases and first aid methods.
Suitable site
How much land does 1 cow need? The area required for sowing grain is 0.60 hectares, perennial grasses are 0.60 hectares, silage crops are 0.20 hectares, vegetables are 0.06 hectares. On average, 1 cow accounts for 1 hectare of land.
When taking into account the stock of hay for the winter, another 1 hectare is added. So, 1 cattle will require up to 2 hectares of water meadow. If the field is not fertile, this figure may increase further.
We are equipping the building
The best option for maintenance is an old farm. Building a building from scratch is not an economically viable option. An alternative is to rent a ready-made barn.
The premises should be located away from residential buildings and water sources. According to sanitary standards, the minimum distance to a house is 15 meters, to wells - 20 meters. It is preferable that it be located next to the garden (manure disposal).
If you decide to build a barn yourself, pay attention to the materials. Brick or foam concrete are suitable for construction - they retain heat well. It is advisable to make the floor from cement - it is durable and hygienic. Wood is not recommended, as the material absorbs odors and rots quickly.
Stall organization
If there are a large number of animals, it is necessary to equip stalls. For comfortable keeping of 1 cow, 2 sq.m. is enough. Be sure to make a slope for waste drainage. The stall should have a separate door for cleaning (located on the opposite side of the feeder).
If you want to receive large volumes of milk, consider the water supply and purchase milking systems. It is more profitable to buy a special device than to regularly pay milkmaids.
A useful addition to a barn is a loft. This is a convenient place to store hay. It will also allow for additional insulation of the ceiling.
Choosing good cattle
The first rule is that the breed must meet the designated purpose of the business (meat, dairy). When purchasing, find out about the productive qualities of the parents. It is recommended to purchase purebred breeds, since crossbred individuals lose important characteristics. Pay attention to your body type:
- elongated head;
- bulging eyes;
- there is no vegetation on the ears;
- wide depressions between the ribs (a sign of developed alimentary and pulmonary systems);
- long and thin tail;
- developed rump and wide rear (for good calving);
- elastic skin;
- loose udder;
- length of juices up to 8 cm.
Purchase of young animals
The purchase of calves is carried out with an identical goal: compliance of the breed with business goals. Young animals of the dairy breed are distinguished by long legs and a bony body structure, with a light head. The tail of such calves is long (to the middle or below the hock).
Beef calves are characterized by short legs, a heavy head, a small tail and a “knocked down” body type. To obtain meat, farmers recommend buying bulls, since they gain weight more quickly, and their meat is less fatty.
Common factors for young animals of any type are a moist nose, shiny coat and no symptoms of stomach upset (signs of health).
Common types
- Black-and-white (large cattle, cup-shaped udder, high milk yield).
- Kholmogorskaya. Individuals have a small udder, but produce more than 8,000 liters of milk per year.
- Yaroslavl breed. Its distinctive features are weak muscles, low weight, and high milk yield (6000 liters per year).
In addition, farmers involved in the production of dairy products often choose the Red Steppe breed of cows. You can read more about this breed.
Which meat breeds should you pay attention to? In first place is Ukrainian meat. Up to 65% meat and skin are sold. Cows are unpretentious to food and quickly gain weight. Also on the list are the Aberdeen Angus (60% meat) and the elite Charolais breed (for bacon).
Cows are herd animals; there should be several of them on the farm. In the summer, cows need to be sent to walking areas. In winter, cows can live in a warm room with constant light. For them, daily walking is recommended even in the cold season (cancelled when the thermometer reaches -15).
Remember that cows are fastidious animals: dampness and heat cause problems with milk and slow down weight gain. The optimal temperature in the barn is no higher than 20 degrees.
It is important to protect the building from drafts. For ventilation, it is recommended to make a pipe from boards (dimensions 15 by 15 cm) and bring it above the ridge. A system of opening windows should be considered (openings should be higher than 1.2 m from the floor level).
Nutritional Features
The diet should include hay, feed and various baits(seasonal vegetables, seeds, grass). A cow needs from 9 to 14 kg of hay per day. Remember, if an animal eats low-quality hay, the milk will taste bitter.
It is useful to include flax and sunflower cake and oats in the diet. Also, the products should replenish the supply of carbohydrates - it is necessary to give the cows fodder beets, carrots, potatoes, and corn silage. Farmers recommend adding urea (carbamide) to the feed to enrich the stomach.
About reproduction
Sexual age of heifers is 8 months, physiological maturity occurs at 18 months. Live weight by this period reaches 300 kg. Female cows have a sexual cycle that repeats every 21 days.
For proper insemination, mating must be done 10-12 hours before feeding. The duration of pregnancy is 285 days. In the second half of the term, fetal movements are observed in the right side of the abdomen. In the last month of pregnancy, you need to stop milking the cow (give physiological rest).
It is important to provide pregnant cows with a balanced diet. Their diet should include hay, succulent feed, concentrates and mineral supplements (chalk, salt, flour).
Signs that labor has begun - the cow looks at her belly, moos loudly, and stomps her hooves. The owner needs to treat the paws, tail and genitals with potassium permanganate and wipe with a towel. Cows usually do not need other human assistance when calving.
For business
The first action of a novice businessman is to find out the presence of competitors. You need to open a farm far from identical points. Another aspect is identifying demand, analyzing and establishing sales points.
You can supply products to markets, stores, and factories. To expand your business, it is advisable to find a sales market in neighboring cities.
Decor
If your farm has 2-3 cows, business registration is not needed. If livestock breeding is planned on a farm scale, registration is necessary (in the future, it is necessary to obtain certificates of product quality). Also, official registration will help you take out a preferential government loan if your own funds are not enough to develop your business.
Employees
It is recommended to involve residents of the village in which the farm is located. In the list of main vacancies:
- vet;
- accountant;
- manager responsible for sales;
- handyman-cleaner;
- milkmaid (if there are no milking machines).
At the initial stages, the farm owner can serve as a manager and accountant.
Costs and income
The total amount for opening such a business is no less than 650,000 rubles. Costs will include equipment (construction) of a barn, purchase of cattle, registration of activities and payments to employees.
Additional expenses may be necessary to optimize the business: purchasing devices for feeding feed, water or waste removal, constructing a building for a slaughterhouse.
On average, with a livestock size of 10-15 individuals per month, you can get up to 2 thousand liters of milk and 200 kg of meat. Sales of milk will bring up to 1,000,000 rubles, meat – more than 1,200,000 rubles. Additional income will come from the sale of manure. The investment will fully pay off within 10-12 months after opening the business..
How to write a business plan?
Next, you will learn how to make a business plan for raising cows for meat or dairy cattle for a farming business.
A business plan is a clear and consistent presentation of ideas, strategies, possible risks and results. It is necessary to define the areas of activity, as well as:
- rational choice of territory;
- defining initial objectives;
- organization of the technological process;
- customer base;
- calculations of expenses and profits.
It is better to think through and draw up a business plan with the involvement of specialists (experienced farmers, lawyers). It is important to accurately define goals and identify all possible problems to minimize their impact on the process.
Breeding cows is a profitable business, since food products will always be in demand on the market. When opening your own business, you need to choose the right place and buy suitable breeds of cows. In the future, proper care will bring success to the business and profit to the owner.
Video on the topic
You can also find out how to start a farm business raising cows in this video:
Cattle(abbr. cattle) - farm animals of the “Bulls” subfamily. The main purpose of cattle breeding is the production of meat and the production of skins and sometimes wool. Additional income in each of the main areas is breeding for the purpose of selling young animals.
Mandatory in any of the directions, you will definitely need agricultural equipment for the preparation and transportation of feed, animals, hand tools, a hayloft, a calf barn, areas for walking and grazing cattle, a barn with stands, thanks to which it becomes more convenient to feed the animals, as well as to carry out control.
You should immediately think about veterinary medicine, since livestock can become ill with very serious and dangerous diseases such as anthrax and various influenzas, in which all livestock are sent to slaughter. Any farmer must monitor the cleanliness of his production premises, pastures and periodically carry out processing required by veterinary medicine.
Depending on the possibility of peasant farming, climatic conditions, as well as meat requirements, several systems for keeping cattle are used:
- Stall-pasture. They are kept indoors in winter (with regular walking in pens), and in summer on pasture. In warm seasons, pen-camps are equipped in which animals are kept. Each cow has access to greens, water, and mineral elements.
- Stall-walking system. With it, the herd is kept indoors with mandatory daily walks in special runs, platforms, and mechanized installations.
Farmers often build sheds under which bulls and cows rest or hide from bad weather.
Breeding bulls for meat
Meat breeds
Since the trend in recent years has been the breeding of breeds that produce high-quality meat, for example, marbled meat, we will first list the meat breeds that have marbleization. Many of them are already being bred by enterprising businessmen in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.
Aberdeen Angus
This breed is naturally prone to marbling, and proper fattening and care can produce meat of the highest marble category - completely permeated with the thinnest layers of fat, very juicy and tender. Angus gains weight in the region of 1 ton and has a height of up to 1.6 meters. They were bred in Scotland, from where they spread throughout the world, including the CIS countries.
Limousinskaya
Limousines grow up to 1.5 meters in height and weigh about 1 ton. The meat is very tender, juicy with varying degrees of marbling. It is the most exported among French breeds.
Charolais
Originally from France, it grows up to 1.5 meters in height and weighs about 1,500 kilograms. The best bulls of this breed have a genetic defect in the form of increased production of the protein myostatin, which is responsible for increasing muscle mass. But it is impossible to carry out selection on this basis. However, normal Charolais also produce excellent marbled and lean meat.
Hereford
Height is about 1.5 meters, weight is about 1100 kg. Herefords come from England and were bred as meat breeds. It is quite unpretentious, so it occupies one of the most important places in the meat market. When properly fattened, the meat is very well marbled.
Shorthorn
It was bred in England and is one of the most common. Shorthorns are characterized by high early maturity. The weight of cows is 500-600 kg, bulls - 800-1000 kg. The meat is very tender, juicy, with fat evenly permeated. The average slaughter yield is around 65%.
Grain and grass fed
This example is suitable for both a large farm and a small one.
useful links
- Codex Alimentarius - Code of Hygienic Practice for Meat developed by FAO
- Everything related to cattle // Fermer.ru Forum, communication between farmers on this topic
