1 slide
2 slide
Composition (structure) of the population Age composition Ethnolinguistic composition Religious composition Gender composition
3 slide
Sex composition of the world population Typically, about 5% more boys are born than girls. Boys' bodies are weaker and infant mortality is higher. Around the age of 20, the ratio of men to women levels off. This is explained by the higher mortality rate among men than among women.
4 slide
Countries Countries that are male-dominated Countries that are female-dominated Reasons why these countries are male-dominated Reasons why these countries are female-dominated Oil-producing countries have a lot of male migrants Women's life expectancy is higher than men's These countries have unequal status of women: early marriages Losses in the Second World War Countries with approximately equal numbers of men and women Give examples of countries
5 slide
Age composition of the world's population Two opposing trends are observed in the age structure of the world's population. In developed countries, the proportion of older people is increasing – the population is aging. In developing countries, with their high birth rates, there is a rejuvenation of the population. Between these two poles there is an intermediate group of countries in which the share of older people and children is in balance. Determine which of the graphs shows: Progressive type - ? Regressive type - ? Stationary type - ?
6 slide
Ethnolinguistic composition of the world's population There are about 4 thousand ethnic groups (peoples) in the world. unity of territory at the initial stages of cultural development based on their language of economic and everyday characteristics. Ethnicity is a historically established social group that has a set of characteristics: Nations Nationalities Tribes Nationalities Peoples or ethnic groups
7 slide
The classification of peoples is most often based on the linguistic principle. The total number of currently known languages is more than 5.5 thousand, and one and a half thousand of them are considered to be completely unformed or endangered. The most common peoples: Chinese - 1100 million people, Americans - 190 million people, Hindustani - 220 million people, Bengalis - 180 million people. The most common languages: Chinese - 907 million people, English - 456 million people, Hindi - 383 million people, Spanish - 320 million people.
8 slide
The national composition of the population of the countries of the world is very different. In general, three main groups of countries can be distinguished. Name the groups and give examples of countries
Slide 1
Slide 2
Number Over the entire history of mankind, more than 100 billion people were born on Earth. Throughout history, population growth has been slow, accelerating only in modern and especially modern times. At the beginning of our era, 230 million people lived on Earth. The population reached 1 billion in 1820. In 1927 there were 2 billion, in 1960 - 3 billion, in 1974 - 4 billion, in 1987 - 5 billion, in 1999 - 6 billion people. In 2006, the world's population was 6.5 billion people. In 2011 – 7 billion people. The five largest countries in the world by population are China, India, USA, Brazil, Indonesia. The world population forecast for 2050 is 9.2 billion people. Reproduction (natural movement) of the population is a set of processes of fertility, mortality and natural increase that ensure the continuous renewal and change of human generations.
Slide 3
Population reproduction Reproduction (natural movement) of the population is a set of processes of fertility, mortality and natural increase that ensure the continuous renewal and change of human generations. We can talk about two types of population reproduction.
Slide 4
First type The first type of population reproduction is a demographic crisis. Low rates of birth rate, death rate and, accordingly, natural increase. The birth rate is 11, the death rate is 10 people per 1000 population. The natural increase in countries of this type is on average 1 person per 1000 population. There are countries with an average annual natural population growth of 5 people per 1000 inhabitants (USA, Canada, Australia), countries with zero or close to natural growth (Belgium, Denmark, Portugal, Poland, Sweden) and countries with negative natural growth (Ukraine, Russia , Bulgaria, Latvia, Belarus, Hungary, Estonia, Lithuania, Germany, Austria, Romania, Slovenia, Czech Republic).
Slide 5
Second type The second type of population reproduction is a demographic explosion. High and very high fertility and natural increase rates and relatively low mortality rates. The birth rate is 24, the death rate is 8 people per 1000 inhabitants. Natural increase is 16 people per 1000 population. This type of reproduction is typical primarily for developing countries. Countries with the highest natural increase are Yemen, Uganda (35), Oman (33), Madagascar, DR Congo, Chad (30), Mauritania, Somalia, Guatemala (29).
Slide 6
Average life expectancy Average life expectancy is the expected life expectancy of the population, which is determined using calculations based on probability theory. Depends both on biological and hereditary characteristics, as well as on nutrition, work, and living conditions. Measured in number of years. At the beginning of the 21st century, this figure is on average 66 years for the whole world (64 years for men and 68 years for women). The corresponding indicators for economically developed countries are 72 and 80, for developing countries – 62 and 66, including for the least developed countries – 51 and 53 years. The average life expectancy in Russia is 65.3 years (59 years for men and 27 years for women). No other country in the world has such a huge gap between the rates of both sexes.
Slide 7
Slide 8
Sex composition On average, for every 100 girls, 104-107 boys are born; by the age of 18-20, the ratio of both sexes levels out. But in subsequent age groups, the formation of the sex composition of the population in different countries occurs differently. In approximately 2/3 of the world's countries, women predominate numerically (CIS countries, Foreign Europe, North America). In Africa, Latin America, Australia and Oceania, the number of men and women is approximately equal. In foreign Asia, men predominate (Sri Lanka, Pakistan, India, China).
Slide 9
Ethnic composition In total, there are 4-5 thousand peoples, or ethnic groups, in the world, some of which have formed into nations, while others are nationalities and tribes. The classification of peoples by numbers indicates, first of all, the extremely large differences between them. The bulk of the population consists of large and especially the largest nations, for example, the Chinese. Many hundreds of small nations account for only a few percent of the world's population. For example, the number of the Botocuda tribe in Brazil is less than 1 thousand people.
Slide 10
Linguistic composition The classification of peoples by language is based on the principle of their kinship. The most widespread language family is Indo-European. The languages of this family are spoken by 150 peoples with a total population of more than 2.7 billion people. Approximately 1.4 billion people speak languages of the Sino-Tibetan family, mainly Chinese, more than 370 million speak languages of the Afroasiatic family, mainly Arabic. The number of most other families is much smaller.
Slide 11
Religious composition The most widespread of the world's religions is Christianity, which is practiced by approximately 2.4 billion people, mainly in Europe, America and Australia. Islam ranks second in the number of believers - more than 1.5 billion people. Islam has been declared the state religion in many countries, located mainly in Asia and Africa. The third place among world religions in terms of the number of adherents belongs to Buddhism - 370 million people. Buddhism is widespread in Central, Southeast and East Asia. National religions include Hinduism in India, Confucianism in China, and Shintoism in Japan. Judaism also became widespread.
Slide 12
Distribution of the population The world's population is distributed extremely unevenly: about 2/3 of all people live on 8% of the earth's land area. Of every 100 inhabitants of the Earth, 80 live in lowlands and plains located at an altitude of up to 500 m above sea level, which occupy only 28% of the Earth's land. Mountainous areas are less populated, although there are exceptions to this rule: in Bolivia, Peru and China (Tibet), the border of human habitation exceeds 5000 m above sea level. More than half of humanity is concentrated in a 200-kilometer strip along the coasts of seas and oceans, and almost 30% in a 50-kilometer strip, which occupies only 12% of the land. In some, mainly island and peninsular, states, this figure is even higher. In Japan, 9/10 of the population lives no further than 50 km from the sea, in Great Britain - 3/4. In Norway, Denmark, Ireland, Portugal, Chile, New Zealand, Cuba and the Philippines, the entire population lives no further than 200 km from the sea.
Slide 13
Population density The average population density of the Earth is 48 people per 1 sq. km. But the differences between countries are very large. Most often, Bangladesh is called the most densely populated country in the world, where the population density has already exceeded 1000 people per 1 sq. km. But in small, mostly island states it is even higher: in Singapore - more than 6500, in the Maldives - 1100, in Malta 1200 people per 1 sq. km. In Monaco – 16,400 people per 1 sq. km. Along with this, about half of the inhabited landmass has an average population density of less than 5 people per 1 square kilometer. km. Areas completely undeveloped by people occupy 15% of the land area.
Slide 14
Types of international migration Irrevocable (permanent) Temporary-permanent Seasonal Pendulum (border) Illegal (underground) Forced Episodic
Slide 15
Migration patterns All countries are involved in the migration process Feminization of migration flows Qualitative changes (“brain drain”) Changes in the directions of migration flows Formation of migration networks Discussion of migration problems in the context of human rights
Geography teacher, Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 5
city of Svetly, Kaliningrad region
Slide 2
Topic study plan
- Sex composition of the population.
- Ethnic (national) composition of the population; the world's largest nations and language families.
- Religious composition of the population; world religions and their history and geography.
- The main centers of ethno-religious conflicts.
Slide 3
Sex composition of the population
- characterized by a predominance of men. The number of men is 20-30 million higher than the number of women.
- On average, 104-107 boys are born per 100 girls. However, the differences across countries around the world are quite significant.
Slide 4
Predominance of male population
Slide 5
Predominance of female population
Slide 6
Age composition of the population; labor resources
- children (0-14 years);
- adults (15-64 years);
- elderly (65 years and older).
When analyzing the age composition of the population, it is customary to distinguish three main age groups:
- the share of children averages 34%,
- adults - 58%,
- elderly - 8%.
Slide 7
Slide 8
The influence of the age structure of the population on labor resources and the economically active population (EAP)
In the world, about 45% of the total population is considered economically active; in the countries of Foreign Europe, North America, and Russia this figure is 48-50%, in the countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America - 35-40%. This is due to the level of women’s employment in social production and the share of children in the age structure of the population.
The ratio between the working population and the non-working (children and elderly) is called the demographic burden.
The demographic burden in the world averages 70% (that is, 70 unemployed per 100 able-bodied), in developed countries - 45-50%, in developing countries - up to 100%.
Slide 9
Age and sex pyramids
For graphical analysis of the age and sex structure of the population, sex and age pyramids are used, which look like a bar chart
Slide 10
Slide 11
The educational composition of the population as an indicator of its “quality”.
Slide 12
Slide 13
NUMBER OF STUDENTS PER 100 THOUSAND. RESIDENTS BY COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
Slide 14
Ethnic (national) composition of the population
Humanity is usually divided into three main races:
- Caucasian (countries of Europe, America, South-West Asia, North Africa);
- Mongoloid (countries of Central and East Asia, America);
- Negroid (most African countries).
Slide 15
The ethnic composition of the population is the result of a long historical process of mixing and relocation of representatives of different races and ethnic groups.
Ethnicity (people) is an established stable group of people, characterized by a common language, territory, peculiarities of life, culture and ethnic identity.
In total there are 3-4 thousand ethnic groups in the world. Some of them have turned into nations, others are nationalities and tribes.
Slide 16
Classification of ethnic groups
The peoples of the world vary in size.
The vast majority of peoples are small in number.
Only 310 nations have a population of more than 1 million people, but they account for about 96% of the Earth's population.
Slide 17
The largest nations in the world by population include:
- Chinese (1,120 million people);
- Hindustani (219 million people);
- US Americans (187 million people);
- Bengalis (176 million people);
- Russians (146 million people);
- Brazilians (137 million people);
- Japanese (123 million people).
Slide 18
Classification by language:
By language, peoples are united into language families, which, in turn, are divided into language groups.
There are 20 language families in the world
Slide 19
Distribution of major languages
Slide 20
Single- and multinational states.
- with a sharp predominance of one nation in the presence of more or less significant national minorities (Great Britain, France, Spain, China, Mongolia, Turkey, Algeria, Morocco, USA, Commonwealth of Australia);
- binational (Canada, Belgium);
- with a complex but ethnically homogeneous national composition (Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Laos);
- with a complex and ethnically diverse national composition (Russia, India, Switzerland, Indonesia).
- Single-national
- Many national
Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Poland, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, most Latin American countries.
Slide 21
The main centers of ethno-religious conflicts
- with the actual economic and social inequality of peoples in some developed countries, the infringement of the cultural identity of national minorities (Basques in Spain, Corsicans in France, Scots in Great Britain, French-Canadians in Canada);
- with the process of uniting related tribes into nationalities, and nationalities into nations in many developing countries (India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Zaire, Sudan);
- with the consequences of European colonization, which continues to oppress the indigenous population (Indians, Eskimos, Australian aborigines);
- with racial discrimination (South Africa, USA);
- with the formation of new states in the territories of the former USSR and the socialist countries of Eastern Europe.
The problem of interethnic relations is currently quite acute. It's connected:
Slide 22
Classification of world religions
Slide 23
Religious composition of the population
Slide 24
Religions and social life
Most religions of the world attach special importance to continuity, traditions, and adherence to certain norms of behavior. From this point of view, religions definitely play a conservative role in society.
Religions are often an obstacle to demographic policy.
Religions have an indirect influence on agricultural development by limiting the consumption of certain foods (at certain times of the year) and by attaching symbolic significance to domestic animals.
More than 260 million Buddhists are vegetarians, Hindus do not eat beef, and Muslims do not eat pork.
Slide 25
Adherents of different religions
Slide 26
Slide 27
Christianity
- appeared at the beginning of the first millennium AD in the east of the Roman Empire, on the territory of modern Israel, as a protest against Judaic exclusivity.
- It quickly spread among slaves and the poor.
- Having proclaimed the equality of all people, Christianity rejected the existing slave-owning social order, giving the desperate hope of gaining freedom through the knowledge of the divine truth that Christ brought to earth.
- According to Christianity, God exists in three persons - the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit.
- God the Son accepted martyrdom to atone for the sins of people and come to Earth a second time to establish the kingdom of heaven.
- The holy book of Christians is the Bible, consisting of the Old Testament and the New Testament.
- The main ethical standards are patience and forgiveness. In 1054 there was a complete break between the Roman (western) and Constantinople (eastern) branches of Christianity, it was divided into Catholicism and Orthodoxy.
- The main differences between them are the question of the origin of the Holy Spirit: Catholics believe that it came from God the Father and God the Son, Orthodox believe that it came from God
Slide 28
Slide 29
Catholic Church
- strictly centralized, has one center - the state of the Vatican City, a single head - the Pope (Jesus' vicar on Earth).
- The clergy in Catholicism takes a vow of celibacy.
- The Catholic Church has a huge army of clergy, subject to strict discipline, numerous monastic orders, and charitable organizations.
Slide 1
Composition (structure) of the World Population
Geography lesson in 10th grade.
Slide 2
Topic study plan
Sex composition of the population. Age composition of the population; labor resources Educational composition of the population as an indicator of its “quality”. Ethnic (national) composition of the population; the world's largest nations and language families. Single- and multinational states. Religious composition of the population; world religions and their history and geography. The main centers of ethno-religious conflicts.
Slide 3
Sex composition of the population
characterized by a predominance of men. The number of men is 20-30 million higher than the number of women. On average, 104-107 boys are born per 100 girls. However, the differences across countries around the world are quite significant.
Slide 4
Slide 5
Slide 6
Age composition of the population; labor resources
children (0-14 years); adults (15-64 years); elderly (65 years and older).
When analyzing the age composition of the population, it is customary to distinguish three main age groups:
In the structure of the world's population, the share of children is on average 34%, adults - 58%, elderly - 8%.
Slide 8
The influence of the age structure of the population on labor resources and the economically active population (EAP)
In the world, about 45% of the total population is considered economically active; in the countries of Foreign Europe, North America, and Russia this figure is 48-50%, in the countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America - 35-40%. This is due to the level of women’s employment in social production and the share of children in the age structure of the population. The ratio between the working population and the non-working (children and elderly) is called the demographic burden. The demographic burden in the world averages 70% (that is, 70 unemployed per 100 able-bodied), in developed countries - 45-50%, in developing countries - up to 100%.
Slide 9
Age and sex pyramids
For graphical analysis of the age and sex structure of the population, sex and age pyramids are used, which look like a bar chart
Slide 11
Slide 12
Slide 13
Slide 14
Ethnic (national) composition of the population
Humanity is usually divided into three main races: Caucasoid (countries of Europe, America, South-West Asia, North Africa); Mongoloid (countries of Central and East Asia, America); Negroid (most African countries).
Slide 15
The ethnic composition of the population is the result of a long historical process of mixing and relocation of representatives of different races and ethnic groups. Ethnicity (people) is an established stable group of people, characterized by a common language, territory, peculiarities of life, culture and ethnic identity. In total there are 3-4 thousand ethnic groups in the world. Some of them have turned into nations, others are nationalities and tribes.
Slide 16
Classification of ethnic groups
The peoples of the world vary in size. The vast majority of peoples are small in number. Only 310 nations have a population of more than 1 million people, but they account for about 96% of the Earth's population.
Slide 17
The largest nations in the world by population include:
Chinese (1,120 million people); Hindustani (219 million people); US Americans (187 million people); Bengalis (176 million people); Russians (146 million people); Brazilians (137 million people); Japanese (123 million people).
Slide 18
Classification by language:
By language, peoples are united into language families, which, in turn, are divided into language groups. There are 20 language families in the world
Slide 19
Slide 20
Single- and multinational states.
with a sharp predominance of one nation in the presence of more or less significant national minorities (Great Britain, France, Spain, China, Mongolia, Turkey, Algeria, Morocco, USA, Commonwealth of Australia); binational (Canada, Belgium); with a complex but ethnically homogeneous national composition (Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Laos); with a complex and ethnically diverse national composition (Russia, India, Switzerland, Indonesia).
Single-national
Many national
The main nationality makes up 90% of the total population.
Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Poland, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, most Latin American countries.
These are countries within whose state borders several ethnic groups live.
Slide 21
The main centers of ethno-religious conflicts
with the actual economic and social inequality of peoples in some developed countries, the infringement of the cultural identity of national minorities (Basques in Spain, Corsicans in France, Scots in Great Britain, French-Canadians in Canada); with the process of uniting related tribes into nationalities, and nationalities into nations in many developing countries (India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Zaire, Sudan); with the consequences of European colonization, which continues to oppress the indigenous population (Indians, Eskimos, Australian aborigines); with racial discrimination (South Africa, USA); with the formation of new states in the territories of the former USSR and the socialist countries of Eastern Europe.
The problem of interethnic relations is currently quite acute. It's connected:
Slide 22
Slide 23
Slide 24
Religions and social life
Most religions of the world attach special importance to continuity, traditions, and adherence to certain norms of behavior. From this point of view, religions definitely play a conservative role in society. Religions are often an obstacle to demographic policy. Religions have an indirect influence on agricultural development by limiting the consumption of certain foods (at certain times of the year) and by attaching symbolic significance to domestic animals. More than 260 million Buddhists are vegetarians, Hindus do not eat beef, and Muslims do not eat pork.
Slide 25
Slide 26
A religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ.
Christianity
Number of adherents of Christianity by country in percentage.
Slide 27
appeared at the beginning of the first millennium AD in the east of the Roman Empire, on the territory of modern Israel, as a protest against Judaic exclusivity. It quickly spread among slaves and the poor. Having proclaimed the equality of all people, Christianity rejected the existing slave-owning social order, giving the desperate hope of gaining freedom through the knowledge of the divine truth that Christ brought to earth. According to Christianity, God exists in three persons - the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. God the Son accepted martyrdom to atone for the sins of people and come to Earth a second time to establish the kingdom of heaven. The holy book of Christians is the Bible, consisting of the Old Testament and the New Testament. The main ethical standards are patience and forgiveness. In 1054 there was a complete break between the Roman (western) and Constantinople (eastern) branches of Christianity, it was divided into Catholicism and Orthodoxy. The main differences between them are the question of the origin of the Holy Spirit: Catholics believe that it came from God the Father and God the Son, Orthodox believe that it came from God
