Social service of the population. Social Maintenance of the Population Social Service

October 25, 2010, speaking at the meeting of the Presidium of the State Council on Social Policy in relation to the elderly citizens, Dmitry MedvedevAt that time, the presidency, at that time, made an initiative to prepare a new social service law. "One of the tasks of today's Presidium of the State Council is to summarize and extend what is called the best regional practices. And he [ new law. – Red.] It may be concerned not only by the people of old age, but also the entire population of our country, "the politician said then.

And such a law was adopted, and from January 1, 2015, he entered into force (federal law of December 28, 2013 No. 442-FZ "" (hereinafter referred to as the new law). At the same time, most of the acts that are previously regulating social service of citizens , In particular, the Federal Law of December 10, 1995 No. 195-FZ "" (hereinafter referred to as the Old Law) and the Federal Law of August 2, 1995 No. 122-ФЗ "" have ceased operation.

Consider what changes it is necessary to keep in mind citizens in connection with the entry into force of the new law.

The concept of "Recipient of Social Services" has been introduced

From January 1, the term "social service client" () disappeared from the legislation (), instead of which the concept of "recipient of social services" () was introduced. A citizen can be recognized as a recipient of social services if it is in need of social services and he is provided with a social service.

A citizen is recognized as social services in the event that there is at least one of the following circumstances:

complete or partial loss of self-service ability, independent movement, ensuring basic vital needs due to disease, injury, age or disability;
the presence in the family of a disabled person or disabled people in need of constant unauthorized care;
the presence of a child or children experiencing difficulties in social adaptation;
the impossibility of ensuring the care of disabled person, child, children, as well as the lack of care over them;
domestic violence or intrasday conflict, including those with narcotic or alcohol addiction, having addiction to gambling, persons or suffering mental disorders;
lack of a certain place of residence;
lack of work and livelihoods;
the availability of other circumstances, which at the regional level is recognized as worsening or able to worsen the conditions of the life of citizens ().

Now information on the recipients of social services is entered into a special register. Its formation is engaged in subjects of the federation on the basis of data provided by providers of social services ().

Until January 1, 2015, social services were provided to citizens in a difficult life situation - there is no such term in a new law, which makes a list of reasons for obtaining assistance more unambiguous. The old law understood the situation under a difficult life situation, objectively violating the vital activity of a citizen, which he cannot overcome independently. Usually, this involved disability, inability to self-service due to advanced age, illness, orphanhood, hopelessness, poor, unemployment, lack of a certain place of residence, conflicts and ill-treatment in the family, loneliness, etc. ().

OPINION

"In order for the new law to earn, each region should take 27 regulatory documents. We conducted monitoring the readiness of the regions to adopt a new law. By mid-December 2014, only 20 regions accepted all the necessary regulatory base, 20 regions took less than half, the rest are about half. We are trying to do everything every day to speed up the adoption by regions of the necessary documents. "

Defined Social Services Supplier

Extended list of types of social services

The new law has changed the approach to the content of the list of social services provided. Until December 31, 2014, citizens could receive material and advisory assistance, temporary shelter, social service at home and in stationary institutionsAnd also had the right to day stay in social service institutions and rehabilitation services ().

After the entry into force of the new law, citizens may expect to provide them with the following types of social services:

social and domestic;
socio-medical;
social and psychological;
socio-pedagogical;
socio-labor;
socio-legal;
services in order to increase the communicative potential of recipients of social services that have livelihood limitations;
urgent social services ().

Urgent social services include providing free hot nutrients or sets of products, clothing, footwear and other subjects, assistance in obtaining temporary residential premises, providing legal and emergency psychological assistance, as well as other urgent social services (). A citizen can count on obtaining such services within the deadlines caused by his need. At the same time, from January 1 of this year, citizens lost opportunities to receive material assistance in the form of money, fuel, special vehicles, as well as rehabilitation services that could be obtained earlier ().

The procedure for calculating the fee for obtaining social services

As before, social services can be provided for free or for fee ().

juvenile;
persons affected by emergency situations armed inter-ethnic (inter-ethnic) conflicts;
persons with income equal to or lower than the average per capita income established by the region for providing social services for free (upon receipt of social services at home and in semi-union form). At the same time, the size of such income cannot be below the one-hour magnitude of the regional subsistence minimum.

In addition, other categories of citizens who are provided free of charge () may be provided in the subjects of the federation.

As you can see, unemployed citizens are excluded from among those eligible for free social services (if such a category of citizens is not provided for by the law of the subject of the federation).

Earlier, for obtaining free social services, single citizens, sick, pensioners and disabled people needed to have an average per capita income below the regional subsistence minimum ().

Consider an example. The magnitude of the subsistence minimum in the Moscow region for the third quarter of 2014 for pensioners was 6804 rubles. (Resolution of the Government of the Moscow Region dated December 10, 2014 No. 1060/48 ""). So, until January 1, for the receipt of a free social service could claim, for example, a lonely pensioner from the Moscow region with income of less than 6804 rubles. per month. After the entry into force of the new law, the amount of income that allows you to get the right to free social services cannot be lower than the one-hour magnitude of the regional subsistence minimum. Now for free social services, with other things being equal, the monthly income of a single pensioner should be 10 206 rubles. or less (1.5 x 6804 rubles.) (Law of the Moscow region of December 4, 2014 No. 162/2014-OZ "").

For those who have no right to receive free social services, the fee is established for their provision. Its size for maintenance at home and in semi-union form is now calculated on the basis of tariffs for social services, but cannot exceed 50% of the difference between the magnitude of the per capita income of the recipient of the social service and the limit value of the average per capita income established by the region. The size of the monthly fee for the provision of social services in a stationary form is calculated on the basis of tariffs for social services, but cannot exceed 75% of the middle-wide income of the recipient of social services ().

EXAMPLE

Calculate on the new law the maximum tariff for social services in a semi-union form for a single pensioner from the Moscow region with a monthly income of 12 thousand rubles. The household service fee and in semi-union form is calculated on the basis of social services tariffs, but cannot exceed 50% of the difference between the magnitude of the per capita income of the recipient of social services and the limit value of the average per capita income. The magnitude of the average per capita income of the pensioner is 12 thousand rubles. (Only the size of his pension is taken into account, since there are no other family members who have income), the limit value of average per capita income for a single pensioner from the Moscow region is 10 206 rubles.

Consequently, the maximum rate for social services should be calculated according to the following formula:

(12 000 rub. - 10 206 rub.) X 50% \u003d 897 rub.

Thus, from January 1, 2015, the tariff for the social services provided to the pensioner and in a semi-union form cannot exceed 897 rubles. This value will change if the pensioner needs treatment in the hospital. The size of the monthly fee for providing social services in a stationary form is calculated on the basis of tariffs for social services, but cannot exceed 75% of the average per capita income of the recipient of social services.

The formula for calculating the tariff will be as follows:

12 000 rubles. x 75% \u003d 9000 rubles.

Thus, the rate for treatment in the hospital can not be more than 9000 rubles. per month.

Previously, the size of the fee for social services and the procedure for their provision was regulated by the state authorities of the subjects of the Federation and directly by social services ().

Changed the procedure for obtaining social services

Since the beginning of this year, to obtain social services, a citizen must apply. Former, social service was carried out on the basis of circulation - including oral - citizen, his guardian, trustee, another legal representative, state authority, local governments, public association (). The application for social services can be written by the citizen himself, his representative or other person (organ) in his interest (). You can apply as much as the direction of an electronic document, which in the former law was not provided.

With each recipient of social services, an individual program for the provision of social services is drawn up. It indicates the form of social services, species, volume, frequency, conditions, terms of social services, the list of recommended providers of social services, as well as social accompaniment activities. This program is mandatory for the provider of social services and advisory for the citizen himself. In other words, the recipient may refuse some service, but the supplier must provide it at the request of the recipient.

A program is drawn up on a period of not more than 10 working days from the date of submission of an application for social services, and is revised at least once every three years (). Urgent social services are provided without the preparation of an individual program (). Previously, the preparation of such programs was not provided.

After the compilation of the individual program and the choice of social services provider, a citizen must conclude an agreement with the Supplier on the provision of social services (). The contract must necessarily establish the provisions defined by the individual program, as well as the cost of social services if they are provided for the fee.

OPINION

Galina Karelova, Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council:

"The new law will increase the number of citizens who may apply for free social services. In addition, the quality, volumes and efficiency of their provision will change. Previously, social services were provided on the basis of a group approach. However, all citizens have different needs, income, housing conditions. From January 1, 2015 with social services consumers consist of social programs in which all individual characteristics Each consumer. "

The organization of social services has been determined.

Interestingly, in the new law, at first glance, all obvious things are spelled out: social services providers are not entitled to limit the rights of recipients of social services; apply insults, rough appeal; Placing disabled children who do not suffer from mental disorders, in stationary organizations intended for children with disabilities, suffering from mental disorders, and vice versa ().

However, to focus on such prohibitions still cost. For example, numerous cases of premises in Russia of healthy children in an organization for children with disabilities suffering from mental disorders were noted in the report of the international human rights organization Human Rights Watch in 2014.

A fundamentally new approach to the financing of social services is. According to the old law, social services were given to citizens at the expense of the budgets of the subjects of the Federation (). In this regard, depending on the region, the volume of social assistance provided was very different. From January 1, 2015, social services are funded at the expense of the federal budget, charitable contributions and donations, own funds Citizens (in the provision of social services for a fee), income from entrepreneurial and other generating activities carried out by social services organizations, as well as other source-prohibited sources (). It is assumed that this innovation will help to equalize the volume of social services provided in different regions.

But there is also a "flying spoon" in new rules. So, the new law does not establish any requirements for personnel support of social services. We will remind, earlier, only specialists who have professional educationcorresponding to the requirements and nature of the work performed, experience in the field of social services, and prone to their personal qualities to the provision of social services ().

Social service

social support activities, the provision of social and domestic, socio-medical, psychological and pedagogical, socio-legal services and material assistance, the conduct of social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations. S.O. Based on the following principles: a) targeting;

b) availability; c) voluntary: d) humanity; e) priority for the provision of social services juvenile. located in a difficult life situation: e) confidentiality;

g) Preventive orientation. S.O. includes a collection of social services (care. Food organization. Assistance in obtaining medical, legal and psychological and natural types of assistance, training in vocational training, employment, leisure activities. Assistance in organizing ritual services, etc.), which are provided to citizens at home or in institutions S.O. Regardless of the forms of ownership.

The federal list of social services guaranteed by the state is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation and is revised annually; In this case, the reduction of their volume is not allowed. On its basis, the territorial list approved by the authority is established

executive authority of the subject of the Russian Federation.

One of the main directions of S.O. In the Russian Federation - S.O. Citizens of elderly and disabled. The main act regulating C.O. These categories of the population are the FZ of the Russian Federation of August 2, 1995 No. 122-FZ "On the social services of the citizens of the elderly and disabled".

S.O. Citizens of elderly - and people with disabilities are carried out in shape:

a) S.O. at home, including socio-medical care; b) semi-stationary S.O. In the departments of the day (night) stay of the C.O. institutions;

c) stationary S.O. in stationary institutions C.O.; d) urgent s.; e) social advisory assistance.

The right to C.O., carried out in the state, municipal and non-state sectors of the system of S.O., have citizens of an elderly (women older than 55 years old, men - over 60 years old) and disabled (including disabled children) in need In constant or temporary extraneous assistance in connection with partial or complete loss of the opportunity to independently satisfy its basic vital needs due to the limitation of self-service ability and (or) movement.

Scherbakov I.I.

Encyclopedia lawyer. 2005 .

Watch what is "social service" in other dictionaries:

Providing social services to the public categories in need by the society. See also: Social Protection of the Population Financial Dictionary FINAM ... Financial vocabulary

- (Social Services) Part of the social security system, requiring direct contact with the recipient, and not just payments in cash. The minimum level of human consumption can be provided by cash payments Those who ... Economic Dictionary

Legal vocabulary

Social service Official terminology

Social service - represents the activities of social services for social support, the provision of socially domestic, socially medical, psychological pedagogical, social legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation ... ... Dictionary of legal concepts

Social service - (English Social Service) in the Russian Federation, the activities of social services for social support, the provision of socially domestic, socially medical, psychological pedagogical, social legal services and material assistance, and social adaptation and ... ... Encyclopedia Rights

Social service Legal encyclopedia

social service - 2.1.1 Social service: social services activities aimed at providing social services, the implementation of social rehabilitation and adaptation of citizens in difficult life situations. Source: GOST R 52495 2005: ... ... Dictionary directory terms of regulatory and technical documentation

The activities of social services for social support, the provision of socially domestic, social medical, psychological pedagogical, social legal services and material assistance, the conduct of social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens, ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Economics and Law

social service - by definition of the Federal Law on the Fundamentals of Social Maintenance of the Population in Russian Federation Of November 15, 1995, social support activities for social support, the provision of socially domestic, social medical, psychological pedagogical, ... ... Big Law Dictionary

Books

Social service of the population: values, theory, practice. Textbook for university students. Griff UMO MO RF
Social service of the population. Values, theory, practice. Tutorial for students of universities, Topchy Leonid Vasilyevich. The paper analyzes topical issues of formation and development in the Russian Federation of social service system. As objects and subjects of social services ...

As a result of studying this chapter, the student must:

know

the concept, principles and forms of social services;
The procedure for financing social services;
Conditions for paying social services;
Rehabilitation services for disabled;

be able to

determine the circle of legal sources governing social service of citizens in the Russian Federation;
identify various categories of citizens eligible for one form of social services;
allocate categories of citizens who are provided free of charge for both social services;

owl skills

operating the main concepts used in legislation establishing the right to social services;
Applications of knowledge gained to solve specific professional tasks.

The concept of social services and legislation, its regulatory

Social service - One of the main and significant institutions of modern Russian law social security.

Among the current legislation on social services, the leading place is assigned to the Federal Law No. 4/28/2013 No. 442-FZ "On the basics of social services in the Russian Federation" (hereinafter - the Law on Social Services), which entered into force on January 1, 2015, it establishes legal, organizational and economic foundations of social services to citizens in the Russian Federation; the powers of the federal bodies of state and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the social service of citizens; rights and obligations of recipients and providers of social services; Determines the basic principles of social services.

This law was replaced by the previously operated federal laws of 02.08.1995 No. 122-FZ "On the social services of the elderly and disabled citizens" and from 10.12.1995 No. 195-FZ "On the basics of social services in the Russian Federation" and made significant adjustments to legal organization Social service of citizens.

Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services of the Population in the Russian Federation" defined social services as "activities of social services for social support, the provision of social and domestic, socio-medical, psychological and pedagogical, socio-legal services and material assistance, conducting social adaptation and rehabilitation Citizens in a difficult life situation. "

Another definition of the concept of social services is set out in the new law on social services.

In accordance with Art. 3 of the specified law under social service of citizensit is understood to "Activities for the provision of social services to citizens."

In the same article, a number of key concepts are formulated in this Law:

social service- action or action in the field of social services for the provision of permanent, periodic, one-time assistance, including urgent assistance, a citizen in order to improve the conditions for its livelihoods and (or) expanding its capabilities to independently provide its basic vital needs;
recipient of social services- a citizen who is recognized as social services in need and which is provided with social services or social services;
social Services Supplier- a legal entity regardless of his organizational and legal form and (or) an individual entrepreneur who exercise social services;
standard of social services- Basic requirements for the volume, frequency and quality of social services to the recipient of social services established by type of social services;
prevention of circumstances due to the need of social services,- A system of measures aimed at identifying and eliminating the reasons that served as the basis for the deterioration of the living conditions of citizens, a reduction in their capabilities to independently provide their basic vital needs.

So, the law on social services introduced new concepts "Recipient of Social Services", "Social Services Supplier", "Prevention of the circumstances caused by the need of social services". And the concept of "social services standard" is set out in new edition (Basic requirements for the volume, frequency and quality of social services), while the standard of social services is part of The procedure for providing social services.

Thus, based on the meaning of the new legislation, under social servicethe activities of providers of social services should be understood as an action or actions in the field of social services for the provision of permanent, periodic, one-time assistance, including urgent assistance to citizens - social services (services) in need of social services in order to improve the conditions of their livelihoods and (or ) Expanding their capabilities to independently provide their lives.

It is noteworthy that the law on social services does not contain the concepts of "difficult life situation", previously provided Federal law "On the basics of social services for the population in the Russian Federation." Instead clearly spelled out circumstances, in the presence of which citizens are recognized as needed in social service

Such circumstances include, in particular:

- complete or partial loss of ability or the ability to carry out self-service, to move independently, to ensure the basic vital needs of the disease, injury, age or disability;
- the presence of a disabled person or disabled family, including a child-in-war or disabled children who need constant unauthorized care;
- the presence of a child or children (including those under guardianship, trusteeship) experiencing difficulties in social adaptation;
- the absence of the possibility of ensuring the care (including temporary) for disabled person, child, children, as well as the absence of care over them;
- the presence of an intra-daily conflict, including those with drugs with narcotic or alcohol addiction, persons who have addiction to gambling, persons suffering from mental disorders, the presence of domestic violence;
- the absence of a certain place of residence, including the person who has undergone 23 years and the completed stay in an organization for orphans and children who remained without parental care;
- lack of work and livelihoods.

Other circumstances, the presence of which can be recognized as worsening or able to worsen the conditions of the life of citizens, are established by the regulatory legal acts of the subject of the Russian Federation.

Social service is based on a declarative principle. The provision of social services and the refusal of them is possible only taking into account the will of the recipient. For the provision of social services, a citizen (his legal representative) may apply to himself or at his request other citizens, state bodies, local governments, public associationsAs in the authorized body of the public authority of the subject of the Russian Federation, and directly to the provider of social services with a written or electronic statement.

The law implies an individual approach to establishing recipients of social services necessary on the basis of the citizen's need for services. Taking into account the grounds for which a citizen was recognized as social services in need, the authority of state authorities authorized to implement the functions in the field of social service

the living of the subject of the Russian Federation, determines the individual need for social services and is an individual program for the provision of social services.

Novella is the concept of social accompaniment (Art. 22 of the Law on Social Services). Social support of citizens in the provision of social services implies assistance in providing medical, psychological, pedagogical, legal, social assistance not related to social services, is based on the interdepartmental interaction of organizations that provide the specified assistance. It seems that this isolation is useful in terms of ensuring the most wide range of services.

The law on social services contains standards providing for monitoring (supervision) in the field of social services, including public monitoring.

Public monitoring of social services is prescribed to implement in accordance with the law on the protection of consumer rights. The authorities should assist in its conduct.

The law provides for the creation of social services in all state organizations of the Board of Trustees, the approximate regulation on which states of Russia approves.

Social service is free and on payment terms. The basis for social services is based on per capita financing standards. The limit value of the average per capita income for the provision of social services establishes the subject of the Russian Federation: it cannot be lower than the one-hour subsistence minimum in the region (Article 31 of the Law on Social Services). The procedure for determining this magnitude establishes the Government of the Russian Federation.

The law on social services is determined terms of provision Social services for free and paid basis, as well as categories of citizens who are provided free of charge for both social services for a house, in semi-stationary and inpatient conditions.

The action of this law applies to citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and individuals without citizenship, which permanently residing in the territory of the Russian Federation, refugees, as well as legal entities, regardless of their organizational and legal form and individual entrepreneursexercising social service of citizens.

The Law on Social Services (Ch. 2) clearly delimits the authority authority different levels in social service.

The law defines a list powers of federal state authoritieswhich include: establishing the foundations of public policy and the basics legal regulation in social services; approval of methodological recommendations for calculating the perverse standards for financing social services; Approval of an exemplary list of social services by type of social services.

Ministry of Labor of Russia Authorities are being carried out as the development and implementation of public policy in the field of social services, as well as the preparation of a system for improving social services, its methodical support. Including this concerns the prevention of the circumstances that determine the need of social services. The ministry approves the approximate nomenclature of social services organizations, various guidelines, including an exemplary procedure for providing social services, the procedure for the activities of social services organizations, their structural units, which include the recommended standard numbers, list necessary equipment To equip organizations of social services, their structural units, etc.

The Law on Social Services is clarified by the list powers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation: Definition authorized body the subject of the Russian Federation, including the recognition of citizens in need of social services, to draw up an individual program to implement the regional state control (Supervision) in social service.

As a tool for legal regulation of the organization of social services, the state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation provide, in particular: approval by the Law of the Directory of the Russian Federation List of social services based on an exemplary list of social services for the types of social services established by the Government of the Russian Federation; approval of the organization of the implementation of regional state control (supervision) in the field of social services; Determining the size of the fee for the provision of social services and the procedure for its collection; Approval of the nomenclature of social services organizations in the subject of the Russian Federation, nutritional standards in the organizations of social services to the subject of the Russian Federation, etc. The law introduces the duty of subjects of the Russian Federation to monitor social services; The procedure for monitoring and the form of documents approves the Ministry of Labor of Russia.

Features of social services for certain categories of citizens have been reflected in other federal laws. Thus, for example, the Federal Law "On Social Protection of Disabled in the Russian Federation" provides for the priority of the social policy of the state regarding persons with disabilities, their rehabilitation as a system of measures (system guaranteed by the state economic, legal measures and social support measures). These measures are aimed at eliminating or rather compensation for life limitations in order to restore the social status of the disabled person, to achieve material independence, providing it with equal opportunities to other citizens of participation in society. Special types of social services for disabled are enshrined in this Law: Professional Training, Employment, Ensuring vehicles and means of movement, prosthetics, creating urban infrastructure adapted to normal life.

Features of the social services of children are established in a number of federal laws, subtitle and other regulatory acts, among which should be allocated:

- Federal Law of July 24, 1998 No. 124-FZ "On the basic guarantees of the rights of the child in the Russian Federation";
- Federal Law of December 21, 1996 No. 159-FZ "On additional guarantees on social support for orphans and children left without parental care";
- Federal Law of December 29, 2006 No. 256-FZ "On additional measures of state support for families with children";
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 01.06.2012 No. 761 "On the National Strategy of Action for Children for 2012-2017";
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated December 28, 2012 No. 1688 "On some measures to implement state policies in the field of protection of orphans and children left without parental care";
- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 04/15/2014 No. 296 "On Approval state program Russian Federation "Social support of citizens";
- Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated December 23, 2009 No. 1012n "On approval of the procedure and conditions for the appointment and payment of state benefits to citizens having children" and others.

In these documents, along with general measures to address the priority tasks of the life support of children, special measures are provided for the improvement of the situation of children in particularly difficult conditions, which are primarily related to orphan children and homeless children, children with disabilities, children refugees. The number of children of these categories is quite significant. In order to ensure full-fledged rehabilitation, legislation is defined as the priority tasks to protect the rights and interests of children in particularly difficult circumstances; the weakening of the negative consequences of orphanhood; Providing immediate assistance to children in extreme situations. Measures are also provided for the development of social shelters for children and the creation of living conditions in them close to family.

Thus, in accordance with the Federal Law of July 24, 1998 No. 124-FZ "On Basic Guarantees of the Child Rights in the Russian Federation", social services for children are provided in the event of them in such a difficult life situation, which they cannot overcome independently (Article 1) .

By the number of such children, the legislator includes:

- Children left without parental care;
- disabled children;
- children with disabilities (having disadvantages in physical and (or) mental development);
- children - victims of armed and interethnic conflicts, environmental and man-made disasters, natural disasters;
- children from families of refugees and internally displaced persons;
- children found in extreme conditions;
- children - victims of violence;
- Children serving a sentence in the form of imprisonment in educational colonies;
- Children in educational organizations For students with deviant (socially dangerous) behavior in need of special conditions of upbringing, training and requiring a special pedagogical approach (special educational institutions of open and closed type);
- children living in poor families;
- Children with rejection in behavior;
- Children, the livelihood of which is objectively violated as a result of established circumstances and which cannot overcome these circumstances independently or with the help of the family.

For such children, current legislation establishes special types of social services organizations: social and rehabilitation centers for minors, social shelters for children and adolescents, centers for children who remain without parental care, etc.

Features of social services of refugees and internally displaced persons are determined by the Federal Law of 19.02.1993 No. 4528-1 "On Refugees" and the Law of the Russian Federation of 19.02.1993 No. 4530-1 "On Forced Migrants", which secured special types of social services for such persons (accommodation in temporary residence centers, employment, nutrition, medical services and etc.).

Social service It is the activities of social services for social support, the provision of social and domestic, socio-medical, psychological and pedagogical, socio-legal services and material assistance, the conduct of social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations.

Social services - enterprises and institutions regardless of the forms of ownership, providing social services, as well as engaged in business activities According to the social services of the population without the formation of a legal entity.

Difficult life situation - The situation, objectively violating the vital activity of a citizen (disability, inability to self-service due to old age, illness, orphanhood, hopelessness, low-cost, unemployment, lack of a certain place of residence, conflicts and ill-treatment in the family, loneliness, etc.), which He cannot overcome independently.

Social service principles:

targeted;
availability;
voluntaryness;
humanity;
prioritization of social services minors in difficult life situations;
confidentiality;
preventive orientation.

Social service institutions Regardless of the forms of ownership:

comprehensive social service centers of the population;
territorial centers of social assistance to family and children;
social service centers;
socially rehabilitation centers for minors;
centers for helping children who remain without parental care;
social shelters for children and adolescents;
centers of psychological pedagogical assistance to the population;
emergency psychological centers by phone;
centers (branches) of social assistance at home;
houses of night stay;
special homes for single-elderly;
stationary social service facilities (boarding schools for elderly and disabled, psychoneurological boarding schools, children's home boarding schools for mentally retarded children, home boarding schools for children with physical disabilities);
gerontological centers;
other institutions providing social services.

Social service is carried out by social services for free and fee.

Free social service in state system Social services in volumes defined by state social standards are provided:

citizens incapable of self-service due to old age, disease, disability that do not have relatives who can provide them with help and care, if the average income of these citizens is below the subsistence minimum established for the subject of the Russian Federation in which they live;
citizens who are in a difficult life situation in connection with unemployment, natural disasters, catastrophes affected by armed and inter-ethnic conflicts;
minor children who are in a difficult life situation.

Bases of social services

Social service is carried out on the basis of the appeal:

citizen;
his guardian, trustee, another legal representative;
state authority;
local authority;
public association.

Every citizen has the right to receive free information about opportunities, types, procedures and conditions of social services in the State Social Services System.

Types of social services

material aid;
social service at home;
social services in stationary social service institutions;
temporary shelter in a specialized social service institution;
advisory assistance;
rehabilitation services;
organization of day stay in social service institutions.

Material aid It turns out in the form:
· Money;
· Food;
· Funds of sanitation and hygiene;
· Care facilities;
· Clothing, shoes and other essential items;
· Fuel;
· Special vehicles;
· technical means Rehabilitation of persons with disabilities and persons in need of unauthorized care.

Social service at home It is carried out by providing social services to citizens in need of constant or temporary nonstationary social services.

Social service in stationary institutions Social services are carried out by providing social services to citizens, partially or fully lost the ability to self-service and need constant unauthorized care, and ensures the creation of their age and health conditions of life, medical, psychological events, social character, food and care, as well as organization labor activity, recreation and leisure.

Temporary shelter in a specialized institution Social services are provided:
· Orphans;
· Children left without parental care;
· Non-unchallenged minor;
· Children who provided in a difficult life situation;
· Citizens without a certain place of residence and certain classes;
· Citizens affected by physical or mental violence, natural disasters, as a result of armed and inter-ethnic conflicts;
· Other clients of social services in need of providing a temporary shelter.

Consultative Help It turns out in social service institutions on social and social and health care, psychological and pedagogical care, socio-legal protection.

Rehabilitation services They are to assist in the professional, social, psychological rehabilitation of persons with disabilities, persons with disabilities, minor offenders, other citizens who have fallen into a difficult life situation.

Day stay in social service institutions Organized in social service institutions during the daytime. Social and domestic, socio-medical and other services are provided to maintaining the ability to self-service and active movement to citizens of old age and disabled, as well as to other persons, including minors in a difficult life situation.

The society of the country is not considered safe if his citizens who are in severe life situations are not able to receive social protection and help. The development and financing of various types of social services are not important in achieving the welfare of the country than the growth of economic, scientific, health, educational and cultural regions.

In Russia, a list of social services for people with disabilities and older people is guaranteed by the Federal Law of 1995 and edited in 2004. But it should not be assumed that social support applies to the service of only disabled citizens, namely: needing people with disabilities and pensioners. Categories of people who have social services are significantly expanded in modern law. This means that the character and form has changed, a list of social services aimed at supporting the needy population.

Main species

Social service as one of the most important factors social protection The population of the Russian Federation currently has nine major species that should contribute practical decision Complex situations of the life of society as a whole, individual families and individuals. Here is this list of types of service:

Stationary.
Semi-stationary (separation of day, night presence).
Homemade service.
Providing a temporary shelter.
Social rehabilitation.
Urgent service.
Material aid.
Social advice.
Social patronage.

It is necessary to consider in more detail what kind of help provides customers. social centers Each of these types of service, as well as who from the needy citizens have the right to use them.

Stationary service

Under stationary social types of social services, there is a 24-hour stay of needy citizens in specially equipped institutions for this purpose. Such institutions are intended for people, fully or partially incapable of self-service and (or) movement in need of unauthorized care, domestic service, constant supervision, medical care, namely:

pensioners;
veterans;
disabled (both adults and children);
citizens with physical or mental disorders;
syroids and minors, which were in difficult life situations or devoid of custody.

Institutions of stationary social services are characterized by intended, staying in them may be temporary or permanent. There is a general type of boarding school, where citizens of retirement age, adults with disabilities (the first, second group), which are fully or partially incapable of self-service.

For minors are provided with general-type facilities, where orphans are sent, children without constant or temporary parental care or those who are in a difficult life situation.

Children's stationary institutions can be specialized intended for minors with physical disabilities, mental disorders, disabled. Psychoneurological boarding schools also belong to similar types of social service institutions.

Home service

One of the forms of social support is implemented in relation to the disabled and pensioners, which in the state of at least necessary actions self-service. When these people have no need to move to stationary institutions, social services' employees provide assistance to customers in the conditions of their usual domestic environment, that is, at home.

Under the types of social services of this kind, there is a medical prefigure, various household and hygienic nature, delivery of products.

At home, assistance is also provided to people who cannot be placed, according to the list of contraindications, in stationary establishments, but depend on foreign care.

Specialized district centers to their customers are required:

provide timely medical care;
arrange food delivery;
contribute to the acquisition of medical preparations;
organize support in medical institutions;
help maintain conditions that meet the requirements of hygiene;
promote legal and legal services;
assist in the implementation of ritual services.

Institutions of semi-stationary service

Refers semi-union social services to forms and types of services, which are also carried out in special establishments, but not constantly, and at certain times of the day. Such service applies to disabled people and pensioners who can actively move and serve themselves, on children who are in complex psychological, physical and material circumstances.

In these institutions, social service workers are the types of services to citizens in this form:

give hot food, sleeping space with clean bed and other household conditions, as well as elementary conditions for leisure;
help to receive vouchers for sanatorium treatment, measures of therapeutic and wellness and rehabilitation nature, to achieve prosthetics;
organize conditions for sanitary and hygienic actions;
provide assistance of a psychologist;
contribute to the receipt of professional education, education, employment;
help get legal services;
assist of ritual services.

Also in the Russian Federation there are semi-united institutions of the night stay. They are granted overnight, necessary predictive help, free unite food, hygiene products and other social types of service to citizens who do not have any particular employment and housing, as well as, recently freed from the places of detention. Last workers social centers also help recover documents social ties With relatives and housing rights.

Places of temporary shelter

Unlike semi-stationary institutions operating only during a certain time, social hotels, shelters and specialized adaptation centers provide temporary round-the-clients and some other services.

Temporary shelter, first of all, is necessary for children without housing: orphans; Children deprived of parental care; subjected to domestic violence; Provided in situations, vital for a child. For such children, a special program of social services principles is organized.

At the species of social services for minors in temporary shelters, the range of services and events is much wider than for adults. In addition to comfortable housing, nutrition, medical care, hygienic conditions and organized leisure, children receive promoting teachers, teachers, psychologists, legal and legal representatives. Such shelters act as centers of social children's rehabilitation. They help to arrange further juvenile fate, thereby warning children's carelessness.

Also, temporary shelter with nutrition, good housing and living conditions is provided with disabled people, pensioners who are able to move and at least partially serve themselves.

Such types of social services are used by people who need supervision, but temporarily devoid of concerns of their relatives due to the disease of the guardians, their departure on vacation, business trips and other reasons for lack.

Temporary shelters can take advantage of the victims of violence, natural disasters, military conflicts, homeless and other citizens.

Material aid

Speaking about the types of social services, the population receives them, mainly in the form of services long action. Material assistance carries a short-term or one-time character and is provided with poor and in need of citizens who have fallen into a difficult situation, such as, for example, as the consequences of a spontaneous or social disaster.

Material support can be expressed in the form of money, as well as garments, shoes, warm and children's things, hygiene, transport and hardware, fuel and other.

Urgent social services

This is a one-time assistance that citizens receive specialized branches of social services. Forms and types of urgent support are resorted, first of all, people with disabilities and elderly people. A much smaller percentage is lonely citizens, large families and incomplete families, unemployed, homeless, chavers, refugees and other people.

On urgent one-time assistance can count each needy, having a difficult situation. To do this, it is necessary to submit an application to the CSO branch and attach a document that confirms the minimum income or gives the right to receive social assistance.

Urgent branches can be easily secured by clothing, warm things, items necessary primarily, product soldering or hot food, to have an elementary or organize emergency medical assistance, to assist in employment, legal and other consultations.

Money aid in the departments of urgent social support is envisaged when small amounts are needed to citizens, for example, to obtain or restore documents and other similar actions.

Social advice

Not less than the material, in the work of social centers, consultative support for customers is important, which lies in such types of assistance:

information;
psychological;
pedagogical;
legal.

Contact information (with direct communication with a specialist), as well as written and remote (by phone), consulting assist in almost every social service institution.

In addition, one of the 300 countries working in the country of trust lines can be obtained information and psychological support. And this practice continues to spread.

Who and why resorts to advisory activities in social services? Disabled people and pensioners who are difficult to adapt to certain changes and conditions of their lives. The work of social advisory centers - to identify among this category of people those who need psychological support, legal advice, in conducting work in the family with the aim of weakening social tension, ensure the right contact and favorable personal relations with his family and society.

Disabled people can get the most complete information about obtaining education, vocational training and employment. Pensioners are more often treated for assistance in paperwork and consultations on pension and benefits, judicial protection of their rights and other issues.

Social advisory support also covers other categories in need of citizens: large families, incomplete and unfavorable families, women, children, unemployed and homeless.

Rehabilitation services

Social rehabilitation is a comprehensive process of medical, psychological, labor and professional measures that are aimed at:

restoration and maintenance of health;
support for social adaptation, the most full-fledged life of a person in society and the family;
assistance in the device of the most favorable life conditions.

Customers of social rehabilitation services are people of limited opportunities, disabled people who have suffered severe pensioners, minor offenders who have abused women and children who have fallen into difficult situations by citizens.

Regarding people with disabilities, such rehabilitation helps to restore their social status to such people, to achieve material independence, adapt to the family and society.

To achieve this goal in rehabilitation offices, there is a special direction of social services. Disabled people help work, get professional training if it is required, assists in providing mobile and vehicles, assist in prosthetics.

Social patronage

Of all the types of service, social patronage is aimed at monitoring special families and minors requiring permanent and long-term surveillance by social services, assistance in the necessary material, economic, household, medical and preventive care, as well as the participation of teachers, psychologists and representatives of law. Such work is carried out by urban or district centers for supporting children and families, and it is considered not social service, and accompaniment.

What families and children are subject to patronage? Those who are in a socially unfavorable and dangerous situation with a tendency to reduce the possibility of independently provide basic needs and living conditions. More attention is paid to families where parents or guardians ignore their responsibilities regarding the content, upbringing, minor training, show cruelty towards them or their behavior have a negative impact on the behavior of children.

Also, social accompanies need families who have fallen into heavy living conditions and unable to cope with the situation independently. These are incomplete, large families, parents raising children with disabilities, or those who are disabled. In each case, the methods and methods of work of the patronage are selected individually.

In the Russian Federation, a new social service system is gradually lined up, which will meet relevant social needs. Such a system should be based on the real income of citizens, their urgent problems. After all, the developed social support of the most unprotected and vulnerable segments of the population reflects the economic stability of the state.