Labor is the expedient activity of people aimed at the creation of material and cultural values. Labor is the basis and an indispensable condition for the life of people. By influencing the environment, changing and adapting it to their needs, people not only ensure their existence, but also create conditions for the development and progress of society.
Labor and work- concepts are not equivalent, not identical. Work a social phenomenon, it is inherent only to man. Just as a person's life is impossible outside of society, so there can be no labor without a person and outside of society. Work is a physical concept; it can be performed by a person, an animal, or a machine. Labor is measured by working time, work is measured by kilograms, pieces, etc.
According to the definition of A. Marshall, labor is “any mental and physical effort undertaken in part or in whole with the aim of achieving any result, not counting the satisfaction received directly from the work done itself.”
Mandatory elements of labor are the labor force and the means of production.
Work force - it is a set of physical and spiritual abilities of a person that are used by him in the labor process. The labor force is the main, main productive force of society. Means of production consist of objects of labor and means of labor. Objects of labor- these are products of nature, which in the process of labor undergo one or another change and turn into consumer values. If the objects of labor form the material basis of the product, then they are called basic materials, and if they contribute to the labor process itself or give the basic material new properties, then they are called auxiliary materials. The objects of labor in a broad sense include everything that is sought, mined, processed, formed, i.e. material resources, scientific knowledge, etc.
Means of labor - These are the instruments of production, with the help of which a person acts on the objects of labor and modifies them. The means of labor include tools and a workplace. On the labor efficiency is influenced by the totality of properties and parameters of the means of labor, properly adapted to a person or a team as a subject of labor. In the event of a discrepancy between the psychophysiological characteristics of a person and the parameters of the means of work, the safe mode of operation is violated, the fatigue of the worker increases, etc. The parameters of the tools of labor depend on the achievements of scientific and technological progress, the financial capabilities of the enterprise to purchase new products, as well as its investment activity.
The labor process phenomenon is complex and multifaceted. The main forms of its manifestation are the costs of human energy, the interaction of the employee with the means of production (objects and means of labor) and the production interaction of workers with each other both horizontally (the relationship of participation in a single labor process) and vertically (the relationship between the leader and the subordinate) . The role of labor in the development of man and society is manifested in the fact that in the process of labor not only material and spiritual values \u200b\u200bare created to meet the needs of people, but also the workers themselves develop, who acquire skills, reveal their abilities, replenish and enrich knowledge. The creative nature of labor finds its expression in the emergence of new ideas, progressive technologies, more advanced and highly productive tools of labor, new types of products, materials, energy, which, in turn, lead to the development of needs.
Thus, in the process of labor activity, not only goods are produced, services are provided, cultural values are created, etc., but new needs appear with the requirements for their subsequent satisfaction. The sociological aspect of the study is to consider labor as a system of social relations, to determine its impact on society.
Labor plays exclusively important role in the implementation and development of human society and each of its members. Thanks to the work of many thousands of generations of people, a huge potential of productive forces, colossal social wealth has been accumulated, modern civilization has been formed. Further progress of human society is impossible without the development of production and labor.
At all times, labor has been and remains the most important production factor, a type of human activity.
Activity - it is the internal (mental) and external (physical) activity of a person, regulated by a conscious goal.
Labor activity is the leading, main human activity. Since during a life at any moment a person can be in one of two states - activity or inactivity, activity acts as an active process, and inactivity - as a passive one.
Thus, from an economic point of view, labor is a process of conscious, purposeful activity of people, with the help of which they modify the substance and forces of nature, adapting them to meet their needs.
The goals of labor activity may be the production of consumer goods and services or the means necessary for their production. The goals may be the production of energy, media, ideological products, as well as the operation of managerial and organizational technologies. At the same time, it does not matter whether the produced product is needed by a person to satisfy his own needs. The goals of labor activity are given to a person by society, therefore, by its nature, it is social: the needs of society form, determine, direct and regulate it.
In the process of labor, a person is affected by a large number of external production and non-production factors that affect his performance and health. The combination of these factors is called working conditions.
Under working conditions is understood as a set of elements of the production environment that affect the functional state of a person, his performance, health, all aspects of his development, and above all, the attitude to work and its efficiency. Working conditions are formed in the process of production and are determined by the type and level of equipment, technology and organization of production.
Distinguish socio-economic and working conditions labor.
Socio-economic working conditions include everything that affects the level of preparation of an employee for participation in labor, for recovery work force(the level of education and the possibility of obtaining it, the possibility of a valuable rest, living conditions, etc.). Working conditions- these are all elements of the production environment that affect the worker in the process of work, his health and performance, and his attitude to work.
The subject of labor may be an individual employee or a team. Since the means of labor and objects of labor are created by man, he is the main component of labor as a system.
Hence, work– a social phenomenon. In the process of labor, a certain system of social and labor relations is formed, which are the core of social relations at any level (national economy, region, enterprise, individuals).
This social characteristics of labor. But work is based on both psychological and physiological processes. Therefore, an important role in solving the problems of increasing its efficiency is played by the study of human activities and functions. This leads to another definition of the category "work".
Labor - this is the process of spending the nervous (mental) and muscular (physical) energy of a person, as a result of which consumer values \u200b\u200bare necessary for the life and development of society.
This characteristic of labor is closely related to its productivity. Reducing energy costs to perform a unit of work is identical to productivity growth, and vice versa, and energy consumption depends on various production and personal factors.
In the view of labor also distinguish various aspects:
economic(employment of the population, labor market, labor productivity, organization and regulation of labor, payment and material incentives, planning, analysis and accounting of labor);
technical and technological(technical and technological equipment, electrical and power supply, safety equipment, etc.);
social(content, attractiveness, prestige and motivation, social partnership, etc.);
psychophysiological(severity, tension, sanitary and hygienic working conditions, etc.);
legal(legislative regulation of labor relations, relations in the labor market, etc.).
Such a division is very conditional, since labor problems combine different aspects at the same time, appear in unity or are closely related.
"Young voter's day" - "Youth chooses the future" quiz for students in grades 8-11. Task 5. Answers. Task 6. Task 3. Task 2. "I have the right ...". Task 1. Task 7. Day of the young voter. Write the answer (1 point). Task 4. "Warm-up".
"Man and Society" - Developed industry, intensive methods of production, revolutions in engineering and technology. related elements. ? State. Global problems. Kriterio is a yardstick for evaluation. Formation of the rule of law and the further development of democracy. Materialists: economic sphere- home! Professional division, development of civil society.
"Vocational guidance in elementary school" - A keen interest in the world of different professions. Organization of work at technology lessons. Books, photographic materials. Career guidance in primary school. Police station. Organization and conduct of extracurricular activities. The content of the activity. Usage LEGO constructor in the classroom. Railway. How does a letter travel?
"Moral assessment of the individual" - If there is a lot of money - do not rejoice, if it is not enough - do not grieve. Conscience. "Yes, pitiful is the one in whom the conscience is not clear!" A.S. Pushkin. When do you justify the use of cruelty? Moral assessment of the individual. Portrait moral person. Golden Rule morality. Conscience, nobility and dignity, Here it is our holy army.
"Youth and Politics" - Political activity. Youth. Interest in politics. Youth and Politics. Sympathy for youth organizations. Participation forms. General conclusions. Attitude towards youth organizations. Sociological research. Young Russians. Ideological and political preferences. electoral preferences. value judgments.
"Constitution and Constitutionalism" - Laws Russian Empire. parliamentary system. Normative scheme of the political system of Russia. Classification of Constitutions according to the method of change. Types of Russian statehood. Political regime. Constitutional principles of the political system in Russia. Republic. Monarchy. The first constitutions of the modern type.
Total in the topic 1473 presentations
Capitalism, i.e. market economy is a system of social interaction and division of labor based on private ownership of the meansproduction. The material factors of production are owned by individual citizens, capitalists and landowners. Production in factories and farms is organized by entrepreneurs and farmers, that is, individuals or associations of individuals who either own capital themselves or have borrowed or rented from the owners. characteristic feature capitalism is free enterprise. The goal of any entrepreneur, be it an industrialist or a farmer, is to make a profit.
Using the text, indicate any two characteristic features market economy reviewed by the author!
Capitalism, i.e. market economy is a system of social interaction and division of labor based on private ownership of the environment.production lines. The material factors of production are owned by individual citizens, capitalists and landowners. Production in factories and farms is organized by entrepreneurs and farmers, that is, individuals or associations of individuals who either own capital themselves or have borrowed or rented from the owners. The hallmark of capitalism is free enterprise. The goal of any entrepreneur, be it an industrialist or a farmer, is to make a profit.
The real masters in the capitalist system of the market economy are the consumers. By buying or not buying, they decide who should own the capital and run the businesses. They determine what should be produced, as well as how much and what quality. Their choice translates into profit or loss for the entrepreneur. They make the poor rich and the rich poor. These owners are not easy to get along with. They are full of whims and quirks, they are fickle and unpredictable. They do not put a penny on the previous merits. As soon as they are offered something that is more to their taste or cheaper, they leave the old suppliers. The main thing for them is their own well-being and satisfaction. They do not care about the financial costs of the capitalists, nor the fate of workers who lose their jobs, as consumers they stop buying what they bought before.
When we say that the production of a certain commodity A does not pay off, what do we mean? This indicates that consumers are no longer willing to pay manufacturers what they need to cover the necessary production costs, while at the same time, the income of other producers turns out to be higher than production costs. Consumer demands play an important role in the distribution of productive resources among the various sectors of the production of consumer goods. The consumers thus decide how much raw material and labor will be used to make A and how much the other good will require. It makes no sense, therefore, to oppose production for the sake of profit and production for the sake of consumption. The desire for profit forces the entrepreneur to supply consumers with those goods for which there is a demand in the first place. If the entrepreneur were not guided by the profit motive, he could produce more items And despite the preference of consumers to have something else. The desire for profit is the factor that forces the businessman to most effectively ensure the production of the goods most preferred by the consumers themselves.
Thus, the capitalist system of production is an economic democracy where every cent has a vote. The sovereign people is the consumer. Capitalists, entrepreneurs and farmers are the representatives of the people. If they do not correspond to the assigned task, if they are not able to produce at a minimum cost the goods demanded by consumers, they lose their posts. Their responsibility is to serve consumers. Profits and losses are the instruments by which consumers control all kinds of economic activity.
using the text, give three explanations for the author's idea that the owner of the market is the consumer
What is the labor market for?How do ask questions work in the labor market?
Why is it difficult to achieve equilibrium in the labor market?
What are the reasons for unemployment?
What are the features various kinds unemployment?
Why is unemployment an inevitable companion of a market economy?
How does the state regulate the employment of the population?
Specialty, qualification? What are the differences between labor and play in human life?
Please help me check if I did it right. 1. The social consequences of the scientific and technological revolution are discussed in the judgment:Thanks to scientific and technical progress, it is possible to increase labor productivity and quality
products
in the era of scientific and technological revolution, the subject of labor is qualitatively changing - materials that are processed in the production process
under the influence of the scientific and technological revolution, the professional structure of the working class is changing
2. Intensive economic growth is most characterized by:
involvement in the production process of additional factors of production: natural resources, labor
Using the achievements of scientific and technological progress
improving the quality of goods
3. Extensive economic growth is most characterized by:
+ involvement in the production process of additional factors of production: natural resources, labor
Using the achievements of scientific and technological progress
Increasing the number of products produced
4. Opponents of economic growth:
believe that economic growth is in conflict with universal human values
refer to the effects of pollution environment
They think that economic growth causes people anxiety
5. The need for state intervention in the market economy is associated with:
ideology
the need to use resources efficiently
unevenness economic development
6. Social regulation of the market economy means:
Maintaining the poor
even distribution of income
higher taxes for the rich
7. Legal regulation market economy means:
issuance of laws strictly regulating the behavior of market participants
process
publication of laws aimed at protecting the interests of all participants in market relations
Issuance of laws aimed at limiting monopolies
8. At what stage of the economic cycle is there a sharp decline in demand for goods and services?
Depression
+Crisis
revival
9. Which of the following characteristics corresponds to the stage of revival?
The output of the quantity of goods reaches the pre-crisis state
+ The output of the number of goods exceeds the pre-crisis level
Unemployment and inflation are on the rise
10. Which of the characteristics most accurately reflects the essence of the overproduction crisis?
Crisis leads to uncertainty of people in tomorrow
The crisis is characterized as a negative phenomenon in the economy
+ Crisis is a natural stage of development, an imbalance in the economy
11. Economic function of the state:
ensuring the defense of the country
protection of law and order
+ support for the disabled and pensioners
12. The task of the Central Bank in regulating the monetary sphere of the state:
+ fighting inflation
distribution of the state budget
financing big deals
13. Will benefit from higher inflation:
military personnel on a fixed income
+ debtors who borrowed money at a fixed percentage
fixed-interest lenders
14. Emission is:
undesirable phenomenon in the economy
The process of issuing banknotes to regulate the amount of money supply
The process of issuing banknotes, inevitably leading to inflation
From a sociological and general philosophical point of view, labor is defined as an expedient activity of the individual, in the process of performing which a person, with the help of special devices (tools of labor), changes or adapts Natural resources in order to meet their personal needs.
The process of labor includes 3 points: means of labor, objects of labor, labor itself.
Under the objects of labor understand natural matter or objects as a result of the previous labor process or raw materials.
The means of labor can be represented in the narrow and broad sense of this definition. More briefly, the means of labor include mechanical means (mechanisms, machines, units, tools, etc.) and tools used by a person in labor activity. Most fully - under the means of labor is understood all the material components that are not included independently in the labor process, but are necessary for its implementation (for example, territory, structures, vehicles, communication routes, etc.).
The analysis of the processes of labor activity consists in the study of personal and material factors, as well as their relationship.
Personal factors include the following concepts.
Labor resources - a territorial group of people with the necessary level of physical and psychological development, health status, education level, available abilities, skills and qualifications to perform socially useful work.
Labor force, personnel potential - a combination of moral and physical qualities a person who has found their specific application in production activities. The components of the labor force include such concepts as working capacity - the age and state of health of workers, professional and physical capacity, their skills, knowledge and abilities; characteristics of labor activity - manual, automated, mechanized, mental or physical labor, etc.
The material factors of the labor process include:
1) production potential - a characteristic of the production and economic capabilities of an organization for the production of a specifically given volume and type of product of an established quality;
2) production assets - equipment, structures, buildings, machines, mechanisms, units, equipment, tools, vehicles.
In the process of human development, labor becomes more complex and versatile, which leads to a division of labor. The division of labor can have social, technical and territorial significance. There is an interrelation between the technical and social divisions of labor, but they differ in character and origin.
Social division - separation and coexistence of different social functions, areas of activity that are carried out by work teams of related professions or specialties, highlighting various areas (such as Agriculture, construction, industry, education, medicine, etc.).
Technical separation is the division of one type of labor activity into several components (operations), each of which is performed by different workers within the same enterprise (organization).
Territorial division is the specialization of production activities on the scale of a certain region (state).
The concept of "types of labor" is also due to the division of labor. It is multifaceted. The main types of labor activity include automated, mechanized and manual labor. Manual labor, in turn, is divided into simple, that is, not requiring any special knowledge, skills and abilities, as well as complex, which is based on teaching the employee theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Types of labor are interconnected with its content and nature. According to the nature of labor, it is divided into simple and complex and depends on mental and physical costs (simple labor requires significant physical costs, complex labor requires significant mental costs). According to the content, labor is divided into automated, mechanized and manual. Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that there are the following interrelated types of labor:
1) manual simple (low-skilled and medium-skilled labor);
2) manual complex (medium-skilled and highly skilled labor);
3) mechanized downtime (low-skilled and medium-skilled labor);
4) mechanized complex (medium-skilled and highly skilled labor);
5) automated downtime (low-skilled and medium-skilled labor);
6) automated complex (medium-skilled and highly skilled labor).
V modern times in the course of scientific and technological progress, there is a tendency to reduce simple manual labor and replace it with complex manual and complex automated labor.
According to other criteria, it is possible to divide the types of labor into managerial and executive, mental and physical, agricultural and industrial, male and female, productive and unproductive.
Social labor is a human activity necessary to meet the socio-economic needs of society. subdivided publicly organized labor(work included in the social division of labor) and self-service labor (subdivided into individual civil labor and individual labor activity). Social work is the basis social production. Its result is the total product of society. However, labor can always be considered social, since it can only be carried out through the resources accumulated in society. Labor can consist of both routine and creative elements. Creative elements include problem setting, choice effective methods decisions, work planning, etc.
The main definitions of the sociology of labor include the concepts of the content and nature of labor.
The content of labor indicates the level of development of the forces of production and ways of combining material and personal production factors and implies labor as the interaction of nature and man. The content of labor determines the distribution of functions in the workplace, as well as the role and place of the social group in the professional division. There is a technical-organizational (material) content of labor and a personal content of labor. Material content in the workplace is the content of individual labor; at the social level - a system of types and branches of labor activity. The personal content of labor includes the expediency of the employee's work activity, his attitude to work and motivational components. The indicators of the content of labor include monotony, diversity, independence, the load of the neuro-emotional and physical plan, the duration of the work cycle and other factors.
The nature of labor determines the role and place of the social group in the social labor system and expresses the level of development of production and economic relations, as well as ways to unite workers and means of production. The nature of labor expresses the social, and not the organizational and technical form of labor and is determined by the dominant production and economic foundations in society and, accordingly, determines the social and economic position of a person in social labor. The indicators of the nature of labor include the attitude of the worker to his labor and production means, the attitude of the worker to the distribution of labor products and the degree social differences, forms of ownership, etc. The nature of labor determines the differences in the variety of areas of production and non-production activities, in the management of production, public life, cultural and technical level, ways of spending leisure time, etc.
Social labor Relations and their regulation
Social and labor relations are a complex of relationships between their parties - employees and employers, subjects and bodies of the parties with the participation of the state (legislative and executive authorities and local self-government, related to the recruitment, use, reproduction of labor and are aimed at ensuring high level and quality of life of the individual, collectives and society as a whole.
These relations cover a wide range of issues - from the socio-economic aspects of property relations to the system of organizational, economic and legal institutions related to collective and individual negotiations, the conclusion of contracts and agreements, the determination of the conditions and amounts of wages, the resolution of labor conflicts, the participation of employees in production management, etc.
Social and labor relations are the leading component of the entire system of social relations, forming a kind of "core" of socio-economic development. They ultimately determine the way of life of people, the structure of the processes and relationships associated with it. The level of development of social and labor relations characterizes the degree of democratization of society, the social orientation of its economic system, and the perfection of social relations as a whole.
The system of social and labor relations. A comprehensive description of social and labor relations provides for clarifying the essence of such categories as a party, subject, body, subject of relations in the social and labor sphere, their types, types, etc. Taken together, these elements and the relationships that reflect them form a system of social and labor relations.
The side of social and labor relations is the bearer of primary law in relations in the social and labor sphere. It is legitimate to single out two main carriers of this primary right - employees and employers. Employees are persons who have labor contract(contract) with the employer to perform certain work in accordance with one's abilities, training, practical skills, etc. It should be noted that only those employees who have contracts with employers and, accordingly, a certain legal protection. That part of the economically active population, which is employed in the so-called informal sector of the economy, practically falls out of the official sphere of social and labor relations.
It is legitimate to single out four groups of subjects of social and labor relations. The first group is the primary bearers of rights and interests (employees, employers, the state, local government). The second group is representative organizations and their bodies. They are the bearers of delegated powers (associations of employers, trade unions, authorities and administrations). The third group is the bodies through which the social dialogue is implemented (the National Council for Social Partnership, other permanent or temporary bodies in regions, regions, enterprises or organizations). The fourth group is the bodies designed to minimize the consequences possible conflicts, prevent exacerbation of social and labor relations (peacekeeping, mediation structures, independent experts, arbitrators, etc.), as well as educational, informational, advisory and other formations.
The subjects of social and labor relations that belong to the first two groups, exercising primary or delegated powers, act as parties to negotiations, parties to a transaction (agreement), parties to a collective or individual labor dispute.
In the process of labor, people enter into certain social relations, interacting with each other. Social interactions in the sphere of work are a form of social ties realized in the exchange of activities and mutual action. The objective basis for the interaction of people is the commonality or divergence of their interests, close or distant goals, views. The mediators of the interaction of people in the sphere of labor, its intermediate links are tools and objects of labor, material and spiritual benefits. The constant interaction of separate individuals or communities in the process of labor activity in certain social conditions forms specific social relations.
social relations- this is the relationship between members of social communities and these communities about their social status, image and way of life, ultimately, about the conditions for the formation and development of personality, social communities. They are manifested in the position of individual groups of workers in the labor process, communication links between them, i.e. in the mutual exchange of information to influence the behavior and performance of others, as well as to assess their own position, which affects the formation of the interests and behavior of these groups.
These relations are inextricably linked with labor relations and are conditioned by them from the very beginning. For example, workers get used to the labor organization, adapt due to objective needs and thus enter into labor relations, regardless of who will work nearby, who is the leader, what style of activity he has. However, then each worker manifests himself in his own way in relations with each other, with the manager, in relation to work, to the order of distribution of work, etc. Consequently, on the basis of objective relations, relations of a socio-psychological nature begin to take shape, characterized by a certain emotional mood, character communication of people and relationships in the labor organization, the atmosphere in it.
Thus, social and labor relations make it possible to determine the social significance, role, place, social status individual and group. They are the link between the worker and the master, the leader and a group of subordinates, certain groups of workers and their individual members. Not a single group of workers, not a single member of a labor organization can exist outside of such relations, outside of mutual obligations in relation to each other, outside of interactions.
As you can see, in practice there is a variety of social and labor relations. They, as well as various social phenomena and processes in the conditions existing market and studies the sociology of labor. Therefore, the sociology of labor is the study of the functioning and social aspects of the market in the world of work. If we try to narrow this concept, then we can say that the sociology of labor is the behavior of employers and employees in response to economic and social incentives to work. It is precisely this kind of incentives, on the one hand, that encourages individual choice, and on the other hand, limit it. In sociological theory, the emphasis is on incentives that regulate labor behavior, which are not impersonal in nature and relate to workers, wide groups of people.
The subject of the sociology of labor is the structure and mechanism of social and labor relations, as well as social processes and phenomena in the sphere of labor.
The purpose of the sociology of labor is the study of social processes and the development of recommendations for their regulation and management, forecasting and planning, aimed at creating optimal conditions for the functioning of society, a team, a group, an individual in the world of work and, on this basis, achieving the most complete implementation and optimal combination their interests.
The tasks of the sociology of labor are:
- study and optimization social structure society, labor organization (collective);
- analysis of the labor market as a regulator of optimal and rational mobility labor resources;
- search for ways of optimal implementation labor potential modern worker;
- the optimal combination of moral and material incentives and the improvement of attitudes towards work in market conditions;
- strengthening social control and combating various kinds of deviations from generally accepted moral principles and norms in the world of work;
- studying the causes and developing a system of measures to prevent and resolve labor conflicts;
- creating a system of social guarantees that protect workers in society, labor organization, etc.
- In other words, the tasks of the sociology of labor are reduced to the development of methods and techniques for using social factors in the interests of solving the most important socio-economic problems of society and the individual, which include the creation of a system of social guarantees, maintaining and strengthening the social protection of citizens in order to accelerate the social reorientation of the economy.
- To collect and analyze information in the sociology of labor, sociological methods are widely used, which manifest themselves in:
- achieved knowledge about the subject of research (understanding the essence of labor and relations in the sphere of labor);
- the process of fact gathering methods;
- way to make a conclusion, i.e. formulate conclusions about causal relationships between phenomena.
The labor sciences of a sociological profile exist within sociology as a whole, but are not necessarily constituent parts sociology of labor. They are sociological not only in terms of methods, but also in terms of the subject of research. Their common feature is the study of the social aspects of social labor. The emergence of disciplines within the sociology of labor has become possible due to the fact that this science analyzes social labor at the macro and micro levels. The first concerns the institutional aspect of work, and the second - motivational and behavioral.
Economic sociology belongs to the young branches of knowledge. Her subject
- value orientations, needs, interests and behavior of large social groups(demographic, vocational, etc.) at the macro and micro levels in the conditions of market conditions. How are the reduction and employment of the administrative apparatus, unskilled workers, engineers, doctors, etc. taking place? How does the assessment of remuneration (moral and material) of labor change in various social groups, in the spheres of individual and collective labor, state, private and cooperative production? These and other questions are called upon and answered by economic sociology. The subject of the study of the sociology of labor is precisely the circle of its scientific problems in
Labor economics studies the mechanism of action of economic laws in the sphere of labor, the forms of their manifestation in public organization labor. Economics is interested in the process of value creation itself. For it, labor costs are important at all stages of the production cycle, while the sociology of labor considers the labor interactions of workers and the labor relations that arise between them. For example, in stimulating labor, the economy is interested in wages. In this case, study tariff system, wage, the relationship between them. The sociology of labor, paying due attention to the problem of material incentives, considers, first of all, the totality of incentives to work, such incentives as the content of labor, its organization and conditions, the degree of independence in labor, the nature of relationships in the team, etc.
