Any baby that is just born instantly becomes a member of society with the corresponding rights and rules. But what is this society that we all belong to? This concept is quite broad and includes many aspects. Society is a kind of system in which people interact and communicate, and are also divided into different groups depending on the characteristic that unites them.
In contact with
Origins
The first community arose in primitive times, when people united in order to survive together. Entire clans were created this way. with their own hierarchy, who were engaged in a common cause and were often at war with other communities. In order to develop successfully, it was necessary to fight for food and territory, and then divide them. In addition, differences in religion or interracial prejudices could be reasons for conflicts.
From this distant primitive community came modern society, which is so very different from it, at first glance.
Definition in dictionaries
Society is such a broad concept that this word can be used to describe completely different groups of people. So, it can be called children who study in a macrame club, and at the same time, the entire population of the entire planet is also united under this broad concept. The whole point is that all members of society are united by their interaction. Thus, people completely different in worldview, skin color, character are forced to support social relations and live peacefully with each other.
And it’s not for nothing that “society” has the same root as the word “communicate”. It could not have formed without this simple action. If people were deprived of the need to talk to each other, everyone could live alone, but this is completely ineffective. Every person in society has a role. A striking example of this is the difference in professions.
Another example is an organization, firm or company, since people working in any production are united by a common goal - producing quality products. That is why each institution is assigned a form name economic activity, which characterize the property from a legal point of view and indicate the nature of the relationships between the people working there.
The most famous and complete dictionary was created by V.I. Dahl. In addition, there is a special dictionary dedicated to the interpretation of social science terms, the author of which is N. E. Yatsenko. So, What interpretation do these authors give to society?
Dictionary by N. E. Yatsenko
Dictionary of V. I. Dahl
Oddly enough, this popular explanatory dictionary does not contain a definition of society as such. The lexicographer interpreted it with the verb “to communicate” - that is, to connect, unite something or someone, as well as to communicate and interact. You can watch it with another person at the same thing from different points of view and yet combine into one whole unity.
Society structure
Society cannot exist without society and social interactions. It can be imagined as a single organism, the normal functioning of which requires the coordinated work of all members . And this means, it is possible to distinguish separate systems and structures, including the following categories:
- institutions;
- segments of society;
- community;
- social groups.
All these categories are covered external factors. In every society, it is quite natural for an individual to appear who will develop and change the views of a group of people. This can lead to both minor deviations from the original foundations and changes in the history of entire nations.
They play very important role in the development of any association, since they establish connections and interactions not only within one group, but also between several communities.
Characteristic signs
Society has characteristic features and features that distinguish it from other organizations of groups of people. These characteristics include fundamental features that will be described below.
Relationships and connections
So , society in the simplest sense- is the interaction of its members with each other, leading to the emergence social structure. This interaction takes place both between individuals and between groups, cells and similar elements of society.
At birth, a person enters into the society of people, as well as his family group. Then he begins to enter the society of his peers in kindergarten and school. Over time, the number of such groups increases. A person enters society on the basis of interest in a common cause, profession, or favorite activity. Moreover, these groups do not always meet the needs an individual person, so the association of people in which we find ourselves does not always suit us and satisfy our needs. Thus, it occurs due to the imperfection of dividing the general flow of people into smaller groups.
Nevertheless, a person communicates in his group according to certain rules. They can be either open or not. However, this does not mean that a person cannot influence or change them. In a group you can take a lower position than you would like, or a higher position than others. This leads to a certain inequality among group members.
It is not possible to achieve the same position for all group members. It’s just that everyone should be equal before the law, but, for example, in an interest group, someone will still occupy a leading position due to greater talent or stronger character. Such positions can be identified in any society - family, political party, work collective.
Types of society depending on science
There is a special science - social science, aimed at studying the concept considered here. But besides it, there are other sciences (psychology, philosophy and the like) that actively use the term society. Wikipedia considers the meaning these definitions also apply to interdisciplinary and subdisciplines of anthropology.
Social science
No matter how broad the concept considered here is, several historical types can be distinguished as a classification. They will be discussed further:
Social anthropology
Social society is the main form of human existence, which includes self-regulation mechanisms. Most often in sociology it is divided into types based on their level of development. Sociologist D. Lenski compiled the following classification:
- the hunting and gathering group - a community in which responsibilities were shared for the first time;
- an agrarian simple society is a group of people that does not have a separate leader to control it;
- agricultural complex - a group of people in political structure of which there are people engaged in management activities;
- industrial - a society engaged in production activities;
- special, which cannot be attributed to any of the above types.
Also in sociology they use the term virtual society; it operates on the Internet, which is typical for modern century technologies.
Since society also call the totality of all people on the planet, it is important to understand how its development is represented. It is assumed that the first tribes, united for the sake of survival, chose the territory in which they led a settled life. As they developed, they turned into villages and then cities. From the latter, entire states grew. Subsequently, people developed laws and certain norms of behavior that a group of individuals had to follow. People could earn a certain status and improve your position in the team.
Political anthropology
This subdiscipline is classified According to its political structure, society is divided into the following types:
- tribe;
- chiefdom;
- state.
Moreover, the strength of these types will primarily depend on the environment of other groups of people who can be friendly or hostile. Typically, a more isolated society is protected from attack and lives more peacefully.
Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that that society is a living organism, where each member plays an important role and influences the development of other individuals and the life of the organization as a whole.
Benjamin Disraeli: What is called public opinion deserves rather the name of public feeling.
***
People who have successfully passed the test of poverty are usually no longer allowed to be tested by wealth and power.***
Gabriel Laub: A decent person takes a bribe in one and only case - when the opportunity presents itself.***
Sigmund Freud: If a person begins to be interested in the meaning of life or its value, this means that he is sick.***
Winston Churchill: Democracy is a bad form of government, but humanity has not yet come up with anything better.***
The secret of success in life is associated with honesty and integrity. If you don't have these qualities, success is guaranteed.***
Mikhail Zadornov: The only way forcing people in Russia to obey laws is to legitimize theft.***
From the point of view of reincarnation, if you were born in Russia, it means in past life did something very bad.***
Francis Cornford: Propaganda is the art of lying, deceiving your supporters more often than your opponents.***
The problem in our country is that the trust taken from the population before the elections has never been returned.***
Jerzy Lec: Am I sentimental? And how! When you remember youth cynicism, tears well up in your eyes.***
- Yes, all of us - Belarusians, Russians, Ukrainians - want to live in one big rich country... for example, in Canada!***
Samuel Butler: All progress is based on the innate need of every organism to live beyond its means.***
Haruki Murakami: If only a goal had been set, a chain of trial and error would itself lead to the desired result.***
Winston Churchill: Americans always find the right solution, but only after trying everything else.***
Emmanuel Kant: Give a person everything he desires, and at that very moment he will feel that this is not everything.***
Erich Maria Remarque: The death of one person is death; the death of two million is just a statistic.***
Gottfried Seime: A nation whose entire salvation depends on one single person deserves lashes.***
The heaviest and most inexorable burden Russia has ever had to bear is the burden of its past.***
Mark Twain: France is a country where there is no winter, no summer, no morality; Otherwise, this is a wonderful region.***
Stephane Malarme: In essence, the world exists only so that one beautiful book can appear.***
The birth rate in Russia is falling - that's all more people They understand that it is better to be born somewhere else.***
We are against the slogan “Russia only for Russians!” - let people of other nationalities suffer here too.Emperor Nicholas I to his son, the future Emperor Alexander II: In all of Russia, only you and I do not steal.
***
Akram Murtazaev: Russia gives the impression of a great power. But it doesn't produce anything else.***
Emigrant philosopher Fedotov: The intelligentsia in Russia was born at the moment when Pushkin closed his eyes.***
Every Russian President must raise a successor, build a pipeline and install an oligarch.***
An optimist is a person who, being up to his ears in shit, does not lose heart, but gurgles cheerfully and fervently.***
Freud: Education must find its path between the Scylla of complete freedom of action and the Charybdis of prohibition.***
I am glad that our people walk hand in hand with the state. The only sad thing is when they are handcuffed.***
Nekrasov: For the newest gentlemen, a penny is above shame and the law; now only those who did not steal a million yearn.***
In Russia we love not those holidays that are memorable, but those after which nothing can be remembered). “The main feature of the difference between classes is their place in social production, and therefore their relationship to the means of production.” Lenin . Social formations. Public relations.
Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary.
D.N. Ushakov.:
1935-1940.:
Synonyms
Antonyms See what “PUBLIC” is in other dictionaries:
Cm … Synonym dictionary. Social work. O. prosecutor, defender... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
Adj., used. often 1. Social is what is associated with human society, its organization, structure, functioning, etc. Social system. | Social crisis. | Laws social development. | Prison as a public... ... Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary
public- ▲ associated (with) society public relating to society. general. general. public. ↓ PUBLIC SITUATION, PUBLIC OPINION organization (community), enterprise Catering public transport … Ideographic Dictionary of the Russian Language
public- I. PUBLIC PUBLIC, collective, general, colloquial. artel II. society … Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms of Russian speech
Adj. 1. ratio with noun society 1., associated with it 2. Generated, created by society [society 1.], carried out in it. Ott. Related to voluntary service to political, professional, cultural, etc. needs of society or what... ... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova
Public, public, public, public, public, public, public, public, public, public, public, public, public, public, public, public, public,... ... Forms of words
Personal individual personal private… Dictionary of antonyms
public- public... Russian spelling dictionary
public - … Spelling dictionary of the Russian language
Books
- Social accounting of labor and price under socialism, I. S. Malyshev. In this work we study economic fundamentals prices in a socialist economy, shows how a socialist society carries out social accounting of labor expended...
- Public control. Information and legal problems of theory and practice, O. A. Okolesnova. Public control is an institution that constitutes an important element of the democratic model of society. For the sustainable and balanced functioning of the apparatus of state power,…
Choose one of the statements below and write a mini-essay based on it.
Formulate at your own discretion one or more main ideas of the topic raised by the author and reveal it (them) based on social science knowledge.
To reveal the main idea(s) you have formulated, provide reasoning and conclusions using social science knowledge (relevant concepts, theoretical positions).
To illustrate the main idea(s), theoretical positions, reasoning and conclusions you have formulated, provide at least two social facts/examples from various sources ( public life(including according to media reports), personal social experience (including books read, movies watched), from various educational subjects.
Each given fact/example must be formulated in detail and confirm/be clearly connected with the designated main idea, theoretical position, reasoning or conclusion. The content of the examples should not be of the same type (they should not duplicate each other).
29.1 Philosophy:“Freedom is the right to inequality” (N. A. Berdyaev).
29.2 Economics:“Inflation is the only form of punishment without legal grounds” (M. Friedman).
29.3 Sociology, social psychology:“What is called public opinion rather deserves the name of public feelings” (B. Disraeli).
29.4 Political Science:“You don't need a revolution to achieve democracy. We need democracy so that revolution can happen” (G. Chesterton).
29.5 Jurisprudence:“I see the imminent destruction of that state where the law has no force and is under someone else’s authority” (Plato).
Explanation.
1. The task is alternative, that is, you must choose one statement out of five write out the quotation and its number, before you start writing your mini-essay. What to pay attention to:
1.1. Social studies section, in the context of which the statement is given. The sphere in which the arguments are given, the social scientific concepts used, etc. depends on it.
1.2. The meaning of the statement must be completely understandable to the student. If it is revealed incorrectly, the mini-essay is not read for K1 (the first criterion), 0 points are given and the mini-essay itself is not evaluated.
2. Structure of a mini-essay:
2.1. It is necessary to explain the meaning of the statement. In this part it is necessary to highlight key idea or ideas of a statement. (K1, max. 1 point) Not allowed: replacing the meaning of a statement with reasoning general(“homemade”) that do not reflect the specifics of the proposed statement; a direct retelling, paraphrasing of a given statement, or a sequential explanation of each word in a statement without explaining the meaning of the statement as a whole.
2.2. Required for theoretical level reveal every aspect of the main idea or ideas of the author's statement. Required items:
2.2.1. Using key words for the main idea or ideas of a social science statement concepts, their explanation, as well as theoretical provisions that reveal the idea or ideas of the statement. Important so that they correspond to the section of social science in which the statement is given. (K2, max. 2 points).
2.2.2. In the context of at least one highlighted idea based on the correct explanation(s) of the key concept(s), theoretical provisions, interconnected consistent and consistent reasoning is presented, on the basis of which a reasonable and reliable statement is formulated from the point of view of scientific social science conclusion (K3, max. 1 point).
2.3. It is necessary to bring at least two examples from different fields, which will support the theoretical argument. (K4, max 2 points) Required elements:
2.3.1. Use examples from different sources. Facts of social life (including media reports), personal social experience (including books read, films watched), materials from educational subjects (history, geography, etc.) can be used as sources. Examples from different academic subjects are considered as examples from various sources.
2.3.2. Each example should reflect in practice the theoretical positions of the arguments.
3. When writing a mini-essay, it is important to remember:
3.1. Internal inconsistency must be avoided in the structure.
3.2. Each part should be organically included in the structure of the mini-essay (the argumentation corresponds to the aspects of the problem identified in the explanation of the statement, and actual examples illustrate theoretical arguments).
3.3. Ordinary language should be avoided.
3.4. It is necessary to avoid gross grammatical errors, especially in social science and other subject terminology.
3.5. The presence of errors that are erroneous, from the point of view of scientific social science, as well as semantic and factual errors, leads to a decrease in scores for K2 and/or K4, depending on the nature of the error.
