Today we'll talk about who raises chickens. In private households, this is usually done by the farmer, since there are few birds. In poultry farms, the situation is different. Several hundred hens live here and young animals constantly appear. We need to feed them all, monitor their performance and health. Therefore, many specialists are assigned to the birds, divided into teams. Some are engaged in raising young animals, others make feed and monitor the condition of the poultry house, and still others treat chickens.
Poultry farmer
What it does: a list of tasks
There are no random people at the poultry farm, because the work is responsible and requires certain knowledge. The poultry breeder profession includes a wide range of tasks:
- production of feed taking into account technological standards;
- feeding birds;
- control over the condition of drinking bowls;
- organization of regular cleaning of premises with chickens;
- control of climatic conditions in the hen house: humidity, temperature, natural air circulation.
Discharges
Only specialists with diplomas of agricultural technical schools are allowed to work. Depending on the work experience, each poultry breeder is assigned a category. Tasks among specialists are distributed in accordance with the category.
The functionality of specialists of the second and third categories includes grazing chickens, monitoring the state of household equipment, resettling diseased birds and collecting the dead.
The fourth-grade workers are engaged in increasing the productivity of the herd. Their tasks also include sorting chickens and monitoring the purity of the cages.
Specialists of the fifth category are engaged in selection and breeding work, monitor the offspring and monitor compliance with the conditions for growing chickens.
Skills and knowledge
It is important for a poultry farmer to understand the nuances of keeping birds. He must know the basic aspects of caring for birds, sanitary and veterinary standards.
It is important to be able to choose the right means for disinfecting the chicken coop, to understand how to sort and pack the eggs correctly.
In addition to theoretical skills, the profession of a poultry breeder requires responsibility and hard work from a specialist. Failure to oversee or care for chickens can negatively impact performance and kill birds.
The breeder should enjoy caring for and constant contact with hens. After all, he interacts with birds almost all day.
Poultry operator
Main tasks
Poultry farms have operators whose task is to control the incubation progress. Experts monitor the state of the eggs and the incubator, record possible violations and troubleshoot.
The main task is to prevent the death of embryos in the eggs and get them out of the device in time. Operators assess the development of the embryo and compare it with established indicators.
The profession of a poultry farm operator requires complete knowledge of the incubator design. The specialist needs to understand the principle of work, be able to select the optimal mode and establish the cause of problems with the development of the embryo.
Other nuances
The operator must comply with hygiene standards and know the safety precautions during incubation.
It is important for the poultry operator to have excellent eyesight and be observant. Mindfulness will come in handy in identifying the reasons for the decline in successful egg incubation.
Representatives of this profession can work with adult chickens. In this case, they need to achieve maximum egg production with minimum maintenance costs.
Animal feed engineer
The task of the zoo engineer is to organize comfortable conditions for keeping chickens, feed them correctly and engage in breeding.
The specialist needs to know the characteristics by which the selection of farm birds is carried out. Veterinarians and livestock specialists are also involved in this task.
The specialist supervises feed production operators, milking machine operators, livestock specialists.
The range of tasks is extensive, so an assistant - a graduate of a technical school - often works in tandem with a zoo engineer. He helps to procure feed and control the feeding of chickens, and maintains zootechnical records.
Zootechnician
A zootechnician must have a biology education, since he constantly interacts with chickens, deals with the issues of their life. Also, a representative of this profession needs to understand the economics of production and the means of mechanization.
The zootechnician is engaged in the planning of breeding work to increase the number of replacement young animals and the quality indicators of the herd.
The specialist needs to understand chicken embryology. Understand what affects the quality of eggs and the development of the embryo. Know the structure of incubators. The zootechnician is also engaged in sorting the hatched chickens.
Another task of this specialist is to organize the movement of chickens from one room to another. He maintains a technological map and plans the exact timing of the life of chickens.
The card indicates when it is necessary to lay eggs in the incubator and take out, how long it takes to raise the young, when the hen starts egg work. A slaughter date for adult birds is also planned.
Veterinarian
This specialist is engaged not only in treating chickens for all kinds of diseases. The range of his tasks is more extensive.
He conducts epidemic prevention at the poultry farm. Does not allow the negative impact of chicken diseases on people. Monitors the sanitary condition of the products. Another challenge is solving veterinary problems while protecting the environment.
The specialist must have a higher specialized education, be attentive and take care of the wards. For successful work, a veterinarian needs to know the structure of the skeleton, the vital activity of healthy and sick chickens, and understand how medicines affect the body of birds.
A specialist needs to be able to prevent the development of diseases in time. Know when treatment becomes useless and chickens should be sent for slaughter or disposal. Also, the veterinarian studies the degree of influence of external factors on the health of the chicken.
Dear readers, have you learned new information about the work of poultry farms? Please like and repost.
In the comments, please tell us if you had to look after chickens and what kind of work you did.
EVERYTHING: EGG OR CHICKEN?
Eight o'clock in the morning. A howler informs about the beginning of the working day at the Molodezhnaya poultry farm. It was installed here a long time ago, from the last century, and, apparently, not in vain: the siren acts soberingly, and I instantly tune in to labor exploits. As the saying goes, the pipe calls for the performance of official duties.
By the way, I prepared for them in advance and read a curious note on the Internet about what appeared first: an egg or a chicken. A couple of years ago, British scientists used a computer to simulate the appearance of a chicken egg. As it turned out, the protein ovokledinin plays a key role in its formation. It is he who, being in the bird's body, participates in the creation of the shell. Therefore, in the beginning there was a chicken, the scientists concluded. Unfortunately, my knowledge of poultry farming ended on this interesting fact.
Moreover, for the reader something else is much more important: how does the egg get on the dining table? What are the hens fed with? And is Salmonella as terrible as it is painted? For answers to these and other questions, I go to the village of Pervomayskoye at the Molodezhnaya poultry farm as an ordinary employee. So, I'm on the verge of new discoveries!
NO ENTRANCE FOR UNAUTHORIZED PEOPLE
I'm not just becoming an assistant to the senior livestock technician Nikolai Mutylin, I'm going to learn from a person who wanted to work in agriculture since the seventh grade. Imagine, for him, everyday work is not a routine, but a child's dream come true. I think that a mentor in love with the profession is a real find for a beginner. Shoulder to shoulder with him, I have to comprehend the basics of poultry farming - the most high-tech direction of animal husbandry, according to Nikolai Petrovich.
I will say that it is not so easy to get to the territory of the factory. It is impossible for a person from the street to take and come here. No unauthorized entry - warning signs are easy to spot on critical sites such as the poultry house and feed mill. At the checkpoint, packages and bags are inspected as necessary. The sign on the wall speaks volumes about this. Of course, tough precautions are not a whim of management, or even a desire to keep a trade secret. Winged pets are highly susceptible to infections and stress, so their peace and health is paramount.
OMLETTE WITHOUT CONSCIENCE
Strictly observing all the requirements for the appearance of employees, putting on a white uniform - a robe and a hat, having received several pairs of shoe covers, I go on the first task. True, we pass by the incubator: not even an “agricultural” journalist will be allowed into it - all for the same security reasons. Whatever one may say, this is a maternity hospital - only for birds, and sterility is a priority.
The first in our route is an acclimatizer, a poultry house for raising young animals aged from 1 to 105 days. A kind of kindergarten for chickens, where they reach adulthood and become layers. By the way, the Dutch livestock of the Leghorn breed is bred at the poultry farm - Cross Hisex white.
- At this stage, the cockerels are discarded, only the hens remain. By the way, did you know that hens lay eggs even without a rooster? - the zootechnician asks me, to which I round my eyes in surprise. A fact known to many since childhood, for me - a villager - turned out to be real news!
- The rooster is needed only for fertilization of the egg, - continues the chief mentor, - in order to have feathered offspring.
It turns out that chickens will never hatch from store eggs. Fu, now I will fry an omelette without remorse! Indeed, live and learn.
Silence and Peace
In the poultry house, where we followed, it seems dark out of habit. But gradually the eyes adapt to the illumination of 10 lux - dim, as if a night light was on. Light intensity is the most important condition for bird development. A lack of it will make the chickens underdeveloped, and an overabundance will provoke too rapid growth. Another primary requirement is temperature and humidity, as well as a strictly defined amount of feed per day. At Molodezhnaya, all technological indicators are monitored by imported equipment. The monitors display the data needed to keep the house running smoothly. The task of the mechanic operators is to timely see the deviations from the set parameters and prevent changes in the mode. Any error in poultry farming is fraught with serious consequences.
- You know, a chicken lays eggs like an automaton, - Nikolai Mutylin resorts to such a comparison to describe the process of the birth of eggs in an accessible way. - The thing is that the follicles inside the chicken resemble a bunch of grapes. The biggest "berry" comes out first, then the next, and so on. Any stress - and the follicle may not form. - On this phrase, I began to intensively photograph pretty chickens, peacefully pecking grain.
The bright flash that illuminated the room clearly did not like the crested crested: clucking loudly, they nervously flapped their wings. Apologizing to the hens for invading privacy, I hurried to retreat. But the loud hubbub of discontent was transmitted through the poultry house for a long time. “They let the Fox into the chicken coop,” I thought, realizing that my last name in this situation can be interpreted in two ways.
In general, the conclusion suggests itself this: in the poultry house, sudden movements, loud sounds and extraneous noise are not allowed - from all this, birds shy away and are stressed.
TECHNOLOGIES AND TRADITIONS
Poultry houses have perhaps the most peaceful work on earth. Marina Varaksina has been working at the factory for ten years and knows all the details of the process. In the morning, until 11 o'clock, and in the afternoon, she, in professional language, "drives" an egg. At this time, the primary sorting takes place - dirty and broken ones are placed separately. “The work is monotonous and stressful,” says Marina, without distraction. The fingers of her hands are quickly touching the eggs - ten by ten, hundred by hundred.
The way the products move along the conveyor is monitored by the mechanic-operator Valentin Martynov and the poultry woman Elena Shavrina. They will show with closed eyes why there are so many levers and buttons on a huge shield. After the initial sorting, the eggs are sent on an hour and a half journey to the warehouse along the "anaconda" - as the workers dubbed the long, wriggling conveyor on the street that looks like an ordinary pipe.
And those eggs that are soiled with chicken droppings, and therefore turned out to be rejected, leave on a horse harnessed to a cart. As I see, modern technologies peacefully coexist with the proven old-fashioned methods. Although the horse is one of the exceptions. "Molodezhnaya" has been moving along the rails of progress for a long time. It is modern technologies and imported equipment that make the production process fully automated at all its stages.
PLEASURE OF THE PROCESS
We move to the warehouse - the final point in the route of the livestock specialist Mutylin. I feel that I can hardly move my legs. I'm tired. Was located. "How much do you reel in a day?" - I ask, referring to the huge area on which the factory is located. “10 kilometers, probably, together with the distance to the house,” replies Petrovich, as his subordinates call him.
The warehouse is busy and noisy. The process of packing eggs into plastic or cardboard containers is also fully automated. Manual labor is reduced to zero. Locksmith operators, most of whom are women, monitor the operation of the equipment.
- Probably, this is the main thing in your work - to see the results of your own labor in the form of finished products? - I ask Mutylin.
- It's a great pleasure when we fulfill the plan. A fascinating process - you need to think over the diet so that the product turns out exactly as much as you need. For poultry farmers, every minute counts - while feeding, removing droppings, vaccinating and much, much more, ”the zootechnician answers.
- And who monitors the quality of products and, most importantly, their safety. How do you fight the notorious salmonellosis?
- In this area we have specialists from two laboratories - zootechnical and veterinary. Each batch of feed and products is checked, - says Nikolai Petrovich. “By the way, my wife, Galina Nikolaevna, is in charge of the veterinary laboratory, so we guarantee the quality of the products produced by the family,” he smiles.
- Do you breed hens at home?
- Not now. By the way, our employees can only keep the breed of chickens that are in the factory. Strict rule.
HALF MILLION PER DAY
So the walk is over. The head is spinning from the flow of information. One, of course, cannot cope. It is not for nothing that about 125 people are assigned to the poultry house. They, in turn, are divided into teams - for raising young animals, parental herd, industrial laying hens, incubator, feed shop. Each has a clear task.
Now I understand that the main thing in the work of a poultry-woman is patience and meticulous scrupulousness, because birds react with lightning speed to negligence towards themselves. As a result, mortality and a decrease in productivity are possible.
The scale of the Molodezhnaya poultry farm is impressive. 500 thousand eggs are produced here per day. An enterprise from the category of "monsters": its structure includes both field cultivation and animal husbandry, as well as the production of its own dairy and meat products, a chain of stores. The staff is about 800 people.
It is all the more frightening to realize the situation that has arisen at the enterprise in connection with the grain harvest failure in this dry year. “We have already eaten what we managed to prepare,” says the director Evgeny Davydov. - The high price of grain is one problem, the other is its shortage. There is simply nowhere to buy. " In the worst case, Molodezhnaya may stop. But then it will not be possible to reach the current level of production until 2018.
The editorial office of the newspaper thanks for the help in organizing the project "Journalist Changes Profession"
Evgeniya Davydova, director of Molodezhnaya Poultry Farm.
Olga LISITSA
Pervomaisky district
Among the professions there are many of those whose name is not heard, but their significance is great. So, not everyone knows who grows vegetables. The professions of these people are diverse, their work is not easy, it requires experience, special knowledge and constant work, because even in winter these workers cannot fully rest - the harvested seeds need care. And in spring, the preparation of seedlings for planting begins. We invite you to learn more about difficult professions in more detail.
Varieties of vegetable growing
Vegetable growers are engaged in the cultivation of cultivated plants, but their duties are diverse. There are several varieties of vegetable growing. It happens:
- Open ground (growing vegetables in the fields).
- Protected ground (work in greenhouses and hotbeds).
- Melon growing (work on melons, growing watermelons).
There are also very similar positions, for example, a field grower is engaged in work in the fields, flax grows thanks to the efforts of a flax grower, rice is a rice grower, a cotton grower looks after cotton, and grain growers take care of grain fields. Each of these specialties is very important.
Crop specialties
The professions of people who grow vegetables are quite diverse. Let's list the main ones:
- Agronomist. This specialist is engaged in the development and implementation of measures to improve yields, is involved in quality control of planting material, organizes work on sowing crops.
- Breeder. Without this specialist, people would not have learned new varieties that are resistant to diseases and high yields. Breeding is the most important part of vegetable growing, since it allows you to get more perfect hybrids.
- Vegetable grower. This person is engaged in difficult physical labor - caring for potatoes and root crops. However, do not think that the work is done entirely by hand, the old fashioned way. No, now agricultural machines are coming to the rescue.
- The machine operator. A specialist whose duty is to work on agricultural equipment.
These are the main specialties. Let's answer the question: "Who grows vegetables?" There are several professions, but the vegetable grower is most directly involved in working with crops.
Requirements
To become a vegetable grower, you need to have knowledge:
- Biology.
- Chemistry.
- Typology of cultivated plants;
- Soil types and their properties.
In addition, a vegetable grower must have good physical fitness, love nature, be able to observe plants, be careful and patient.
Duties
Let's continue our consideration of unusual professions. Who grows vegetables, we found out, this is a vegetable grower, his duties include a whole range of different actions:
- Preparing the soil for sowing seeds, this includes plowing, loosening, harrowing.
- Preparatory work with seed.
- Planting crops itself.
- Care for them during growth: timely watering, weeding, hilling, thinning, removal and destruction of diseased or pest-affected plants.
- Harvesting and organizing storage and transportation.
The vegetable grower performs a whole range of actions that help grow vegetables from seeds to ready-made fruits. Without these specialists, it would have been impossible to have fresh vegetables on the tables all year round.
Main types of work
We found out what professions people grow vegetables. First of all, these are vegetable growers. The table shows the main types of work that these specialists are engaged in.
| With cultures | With soil | With inventory |
| Preparing seeds for planting, working with planting material | Mixing substrates and different types of soil for growing crops | Checking inventory: its availability and status |
| Protection of landings from the adverse effects of the external environment | Fertilizing the soil | Diagnostics and troubleshooting |
| Seedling picking | Sampling of soil for laboratory research | Preparation of racks for storing the harvested |
| Watering and hilling | Cleaning inventory | |
| Weeding | ||
| Picking vegetables |
In addition, vegetable growers draw up seeding and planting schedules for vegetable crops.
Fruit and vegetable grower: a brief introduction
There are many more Who grows vegetables besides vegetable growers? These are horticultural growers, an even narrower specialty of the agricultural industry, they are engaged not only in vegetables, but also in berries and fruit crops. Their responsibilities include:
- Preparing the soil for planting.
- Growing seedlings.
- Crop care.
- Pest control, disease prevention and control.
- Harvesting and transportation of crops.
- Organization of fruit storage.
The profession of a plant protection agronomist is similar in responsibilities.
Contraindications
Not everyone can become a vegetable grower or fruit grower, even with the necessary knowledge and qualifications. Persons with the following medical contraindications are not allowed to these works:
- Skin diseases.
- Allergic reactions.
- Problems with the spine and musculoskeletal system.
- Pathology of the heart and blood vessels.
- Muscle problems.
That is why, having decided to connect your life with the work of growing crops, it is necessary to undergo a medical examination before entering college.
Melon growing and other positions
Consider the professions of people who grow vegetables, flax, watermelons. The latter are called melon growers, since the place of their labor activity is melon, and watermelons, loved by many, grow on it. Also, these specialists are engaged in the cultivation of other melons and gourds:
- Pumpkins.
- Melons.
These plants are universal, but growing them is fraught with a number of difficulties:
- They do not tolerate frost, therefore they can grow only in mild climates with long warm summers.
- For melons, especially watermelons, well-lit, elevated areas are required; in the lowlands, plants will not give a rich harvest.
- When working with such crops, it is very important to get friendly shoots, therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the quality of seed preparation, warm up and germinate them.
Flax growers are engaged in the preparation of seed, sowing flax and harvesting flax products. They are obliged to understand not only the technology of flax growing, but also the maintenance of specialized equipment: flax threshers, dryers, sorting machines.
Specificity of flax growing in Russia
Flax is one of the most ancient cultures, its use by man has more than one millennium. Let's name the professions of people who grow vegetables and flax. These are vegetable growers and flax growers, they are of particular importance in agricultural activities.
Flax is actively used in light and textile industries, clothes and products made from it are eagerly purchased by foreigners.
We learned about who grows vegetables. Which profession is respected? There are many of them: these are vegetable growers and melon growers, agronomists and breeders, horticultural and flax growers, their hard work helps to get a harvest of fresh fruits, rich in vitamins and distinguished by excellent taste.
When I decided to start chickens, I focused on egg breeds, so as not to kill chickens, not to spend money on fights-fun, and still have fresh eggs. E. Osipova
Of the egg breeds, traditionally the best - leghorns and hybrids of this breed, originally developed in Italy (in Livorno), and now the most common in almost the entire world. These chickens are small, up to 2 kg, and eggs from them can be obtained from 220-250 per year. Not a record, of course, but a lot.
I was afraid to take chickens - there is no experience, young birds are fragile, tender, leaving them is a whole art. True, they cost only 50 rubles each, but nevertheless, putting living souls at risk is somehow not for me. Stopped at 6 month old hens. The price of each is 200 rubles, by the way, some exotic beauties-bantams would cost 1,500 per head! Leghorns begin to lay eggs as early as 4 months.
Number of layers, which I was going to purchase, I calculated in advance. It depends on the area occupied by the roofed house and the open-air pen. Of course, it would be possible not to let the chickens out at all, it is easier and more economical to keep them. However, Leghorns are temperamental and mobile, not like the almost 5-kilogram meat cochinchins are real phlegmatic. In addition, eggs from chickens with a walk are much more useful than from birds that are constantly indoors.
I proceeded from the size of the chicken coopbuilt last fall by my forward-thinking husband. The area of \u200b\u200bour wooden shed, similar to a household block, is 2 × 1.5 m. 6 chickens will fit here - at the rate of 0.5 m2 per bird.
The selection principles are as follows. Birds should be active, with bright red combs and earrings and yellow legs (pale - a sign of old age). Feathers - clean, shiny, tight to the body, not thin, but not greasy, otherwise the chicken will not run well.
A neighbor in the country helped to choose chickens from a poultry seller, who has been keeping them for a long time and has achieved considerable success. By the way, we used his advice.
I saved on the purchase of a rooster. Fertilized eggs are live, which means they are not vegetarian food.
The Chicken Master's Commandments
Do not overfeed!
Do not enter the chickens from 9.00 to 15.00.
Always praises them
In addition to the usual door to the chicken dormitory, the husband also built a small one (30 × 40 cm) - only for layers. Of course, there is a feeder in the aviary.
Under the drinker we have a deep bowl fitted. We are going to regale the birds not only with compound feed, but also with useful and tasty additives: grass, the remains of broth with bread, millet, grain, fish, dairy products and boiled potatoes.
There is also a separate wooden trough for mineral feeding - shell rock, shell or special feed chalk. In short, everything is according to the advice of experts.
We hope to receive 4-5 environmentally friendly eggs 55-60 g each day.
After all, in the summer, chickens rush noticeably better. A neighbor in general from one laying hen somehow got 255 pieces per year!
In addition, I will have my own valuable fertilizer - chicken dung. Truly waste-free creatures!
reference
Wild ancestors of chickens gave only 10-30 eggs per year, modern ones - more than 300.
The record was set in 1930: the feathered champion demolished 361 pieces in 364 days.
Japanese doctors from the University of Kyoto have found that chicken egg protein is a drug that blocks the growth of human cancer cells.
Noticedthat chickens like blue food (you can buy this).
The feeder should be red, but not yellow. Green and orange colors soothe them, while blue is perceived by birds as pitch darkness.
Diet eggs are those that are no more than 7 days old.
Expert opinion
Vladimir Malik, one of the authors of the collection "1000 tips for amateur livestock breeders"
If the summer resident wants to get the maximum number of eggs from the chickens, he must choose the most productive layers and feed them with high-quality food. These birds eat a little more. For the formation of 12 pieces, 1.6-1.7 kg of complete balanced feed is spent.
Today, the French chicken breed is very popular in the world. depicted, from which you can get 300-320 eggs per year.
Egg chickens are usually kept for a maximum of 2 seasons. Longer is unprofitable. They rush less and less. Modern summer residents, leaving home, slaughter their birds in the fall, since there is nowhere to put them.
A bit of arithmetic
Balanced compound feed for laying hens are prepared according to a special program developed by scientists. The ingredients are mixed automatically and under operator control.
Knowing the composition of the recipe, you can prepare the food yourself. For young laying hens (not chickens!) The diet includes: wheat, barley, wheat bran, fish meal, phosphate, feed chalk, reverse, sunflower and soybean cake, table salt.
Whether it is necessary to mess around, making up a nutrient mixture, everyone decides for himself.
Complete feed (PC-1) costs 490 rubles. per bag (40 kg). It can be bought on the market or ordered in bulk online. Then you will pay 11,750 rubles per ton. and the price for 40 kg will be 20 rubles. below.
For 6 hens one bag is enough for 38 days (one bird eats 180 g per day). A little more than 2 rubles will be spent on chicken feed, even at expensive prices. a day, and she will lay one full egg. The benefits are clear. E. Osipova
Chicken feeder
Agriculture is a separate branch of the economy, aimed primarily at providing people with food. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of this industry. There are many in-demand professions related to agriculture. And, of course, they all require certain knowledge and skills.
What are the professions of agriculture: list
The most demanded specialties in this area are:
- agronomist;
- machine operator;
- milking machine operator;
- livestock breeder;
- poultry house;
- veterinarian.
There is another answer to the question of which professions belong to agriculture - a beekeeper and a fur breeder. They are not as common as, for example, a milking machine operator or a livestock breeder, but they are also quite in demand.
Features of the profession of an agronomist
Agricultural technologies are constantly being improved and changed. The responsibilities of an agronomist primarily include the correct organization of production processes, growing crops, harvesting and transporting crops in these conditions. Also, people of this specialty are engaged in the preparation of various kinds of reporting and scientific documentation. Veterinarians usually have higher education. To date, the profession of an agronomist is on the list of the most demanded in Russia.
Machine operator
This is one of the main specialties of such a sphere of economics as agriculture. The professions of a combine operator and tractor driver have always been among the main ones in the countryside. A mechanic is a specialist who is able to operate all types of agricultural machinery. In addition, the duties of these workers include knowledge of the design features of the machines, as well as the implementation of their scheduled maintenance and repair.
The profession of a machine operator is considered one of the most difficult in the countryside. People of this specialty often work in extremely unfavorable conditions - in heat, rain and cold. In addition, they usually have to work overtime during the planting and harvesting periods. Fortunately, in recent years, increased demands have been made on the design of tractors and combines in terms of convenience specifically for machine operators. The cabins of the new models are insulated, equipped with air conditioners and heaters. But all the same, the work of a machine operator will always remain difficult, and therefore honorable.
Milking machine operator
There are many answers to the question of which professions in agriculture are the most common. But the most famous is the milking machine operator. In Soviet times, many films were shot about people of this specialty, and a huge number of poems and songs were written. The profession of a milkmaid was then unusually honorable. Women of this specialty appeared on blue screens in the form of healthy, cheerful ruddy girls in headscarves. However, of course, the profession of a milking machine operator is actually very complex, and there is not much romance in it.
The milkmaids have to get up before dawn - at five in the morning. Their duties include wiping the udder of a cow, feeding it. But the main occupation of the representatives of this profession is, of course, the milking of animals. This operation is performed three times a day. Like a machine operator, the profession of a milkmaid is very important in agriculture.
Livestock breeder
It is also a very common profession in the countryside. Agricultural specialties can be livestock or crop production. The main activity of a zootechnician is, as the name suggests, breeding and raising all kinds of farm animals. Workers in this specialty must provide them with the most comfortable conditions for keeping and breeding. In addition, the duties of the breeder include monitoring the health of the "wards" and maintaining the purity of the breed. Also, people of this specialty make sure that all the necessary components are present in the diet of cows, pigs, sheep, horses and goats: vitamins, minerals, proteins, etc.
Among other things, livestock breeders clean and disinfect barns and pigsties, take part in preventive measures to prevent the spread of epidemics. They also follow the procedure for grazing animals in the summer season, as well as the process of preparing food for them for the winter.
Poultry house
The duties of the representatives of this profession are practically the same as those of the livestock breeder. The only difference is that the poultry house takes care of representatives of birds: chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys, etc. This is also one of the most common specialties in such a sphere of the country's economy as agriculture. Poultry care professions are very difficult and responsible.
Veterinarian
Man began to raise and breed animals thousands of years ago. The veterinarian profession has existed for about the same time. In ancient times, people of this specialty accompanied caravans and armies, monitoring the health of horses and camels, and in the Middle Ages, professional veterinary schools were opened. In our country, this specialty appeared on the initiative of Peter the Great. It was this emperor who once brought highly qualified veterinarians from Europe to Russia.
Today, as in the past, the main task of the agricultural worker in this profession is the treatment of animals. Also his responsibilities include the implementation of preventive measures. Veterinarians give birth to animals, vaccinate, sterilize or inseminate. Representatives of this profession also exercise control over the use of various kinds of chemicals when growing crops intended for animal feeding.
Currently, there is a veterinary center in almost every settlement. There are similar clinics even in cities. True, they are engaged in the treatment of not agricultural, but ordinary domestic animals - cats and dogs.
Beekeeper
There are different agricultural professions. At modern enterprises in this industry, not only animals are raised and plants are grown. Beekeeping also refers precisely to this sphere of the national economy. The specialty of a beekeeper is quite rare in our country. However, this does not mean that it is uninteresting or unclaimed. This is an exciting profession, but like any other agricultural one, it is quite difficult and very responsible.
The duties of the beekeeper include the formation of new families of bees, ensuring their wintering and collecting honey. Also, people of this profession fight against diseases of the insects entrusted to them, repair hives and equipment. Despite the relative rarity, the profession of a beekeeper will always exist, because many people love honey. In addition, this product is very useful.
Pet breeder
Breeding rabbits, nutria, Arctic foxes is also one of the specializations of such an industry as agriculture. The professions associated with caring for such animals are also quite in demand. Animal breeders are responsible for keeping and breeding rabbits and nutria. Their responsibilities include monitoring the preservation of the livestock, the purity of the breed, procedures such as feeding, disease prevention and care.
Agroecologist
This profession has appeared in agriculture not so long ago. However, today it is practically impossible to imagine crop and livestock production without it. First of all, the agroecologist monitors the use of fertilizers and all kinds of chemicals in the fields when growing agricultural plants. The task of this specialist is mainly to develop recommendations to minimize harm from them. Also, agroecologists in agricultural enterprises are engaged in the restoration of depleted and eroded soils.
Where can I get an agricultural specialty
Today in our country there are many educational institutions of different levels, whose tasks include training workers in such an industry as agriculture. Professions of this orientation can be obtained in many cities of our country. Agronomists and veterinarians usually graduate from universities and technical schools. Machine operators are trained in technical schools and colleges. The same goes for milkmaids and poultry women.
The most famous higher educational institutions in which you can get the profession of agricultural workers, in our country are agricultural universities:
- Orenburg.
- Kuban.
- St. Petersburg.
- Altaic.
- Voronezh, etc.
Also, highly qualified specialists are trained by the N. Timiryazev. Of course, the success of the development of such an industry as agriculture directly depends on the quality of training for young specialists. Professions (examples were given above) of this group require a person to have quick wits, dexterity, quick thinking, and often physical endurance. In any case, the process of training future veterinarians, agronomists, milkmaids and machine operators should be approached with full responsibility.
EVERYTHING: EGG OR CHICKEN?
Eight o'clock in the morning. A howler informs about the beginning of the working day at the Molodezhnaya poultry farm. It was installed here a long time ago, from the last century, and, apparently, not in vain: the siren acts soberingly, and I instantly tune in to labor exploits. As the saying goes, the pipe calls for the performance of official duties.
By the way, I prepared for them in advance and read a curious note on the Internet about what appeared first: an egg or a chicken. A couple of years ago, British scientists used a computer to simulate the appearance of a chicken egg. As it turned out, the protein ovokledinin plays a key role in its formation. It is he who, being in the bird's body, participates in the creation of the shell. Therefore, in the beginning there was a chicken, the scientists concluded. Unfortunately, my knowledge of poultry farming ended on this interesting fact.
Moreover, for the reader something else is much more important: how does the egg get on the dining table? What are the hens fed with? And is Salmonella as terrible as it is painted? For answers to these and other questions, I go to the village of Pervomayskoye at the Molodezhnaya poultry farm as an ordinary employee. So, I'm on the verge of new discoveries!
NO ENTRANCE FOR UNAUTHORIZED PEOPLE
I'm not just becoming an assistant to the senior livestock technician Nikolai Mutylin, I'm going to learn from a person who wanted to work in agriculture since the seventh grade. Imagine, for him, everyday work is not a routine, but a child's dream come true. I think that a mentor in love with the profession is a real find for a beginner. Shoulder to shoulder with him, I have to comprehend the basics of poultry farming - the most high-tech direction of animal husbandry, according to Nikolai Petrovich.
I will say that it is not so easy to get to the territory of the factory. It is impossible for a person from the street to take and come here. No unauthorized entry - warning signs are easy to spot on critical sites such as the poultry house and feed mill. At the checkpoint, packages and bags are inspected as necessary. The sign on the wall speaks volumes about this. Of course, tough precautions are not a whim of management, or even a desire to keep a trade secret. Winged pets are highly susceptible to infections and stress, so their peace and health is paramount.
OMLETTE WITHOUT CONSCIENCE
Strictly observing all the requirements for the appearance of employees, putting on a white uniform - a robe and a hat, having received several pairs of shoe covers, I go on the first task. True, we pass by the incubator: not even an “agricultural” journalist will be allowed into it - all for the same security reasons. Whatever one may say, this is a maternity hospital - only for birds, and sterility is a priority.
The first in our route is an acclimatizer, a poultry house for raising young animals aged from 1 to 105 days. A kind of kindergarten for chickens, where they reach adulthood and become layers. By the way, the Dutch livestock of the Leghorn breed is bred at the poultry farm - Cross Hisex white.
- At this stage, the cockerels are discarded, only the hens remain. By the way, did you know that hens lay eggs even without a rooster? - the zootechnician asks me, to which I round my eyes in surprise. A fact known to many since childhood, for me - a villager - turned out to be real news!
- The rooster is needed only for fertilization of the egg, - continues the chief mentor, - in order to have feathered offspring.
It turns out that chickens will never hatch from store eggs. Fu, now I will fry an omelette without remorse! Indeed, live and learn.
Silence and Peace
In the poultry house, where we followed, it seems dark out of habit. But gradually the eyes adapt to the illumination of 10 lux - dim, as if a night light was on. Light intensity is the most important condition for bird development. A lack of it will make the chickens underdeveloped, and an overabundance will provoke too rapid growth. Another primary requirement is temperature and humidity, as well as a strictly defined amount of feed per day. At Molodezhnaya, all technological indicators are monitored by imported equipment. The monitors display the data needed to keep the house running smoothly. The task of the mechanic operators is to timely see the deviations from the set parameters and prevent changes in the mode. Any error in poultry farming is fraught with serious consequences.
- You know, a chicken lays eggs like an automaton, - Nikolai Mutylin resorts to such a comparison to describe the process of the birth of eggs in an accessible way. - The thing is that the follicles inside the chicken resemble a bunch of grapes. The biggest "berry" comes out first, then the next, and so on. Any stress - and the follicle may not form. - On this phrase, I began to intensively photograph pretty chickens, peacefully pecking grain.
The bright flash that illuminated the room clearly did not like the crested crested: clucking loudly, they nervously flapped their wings. Apologizing to the hens for invading privacy, I hurried to retreat. But the loud hubbub of discontent was transmitted through the poultry house for a long time. “They let the Fox into the chicken coop,” I thought, realizing that my last name in this situation can be interpreted in two ways.
In general, the conclusion suggests itself this: in the poultry house, sudden movements, loud sounds and extraneous noise are not allowed - from all this, birds shy away and are stressed.
TECHNOLOGIES AND TRADITIONS
Poultry houses have perhaps the most peaceful work on earth. Marina Varaksina has been working at the factory for ten years and knows all the details of the process. In the morning, until 11 o'clock, and in the afternoon, she, in professional language, "drives" an egg. At this time, the primary sorting takes place - dirty and broken ones are placed separately. “The work is monotonous and stressful,” says Marina, without distraction. The fingers of her hands are quickly touching the eggs - ten by ten, hundred by hundred.
The way the products move along the conveyor is monitored by the mechanic-operator Valentin Martynov and the poultry woman Elena Shavrina. They will show with closed eyes why there are so many levers and buttons on a huge shield. After the initial sorting, the eggs are sent on an hour and a half journey to the warehouse along the "anaconda" - as the workers dubbed the long, wriggling conveyor on the street that looks like an ordinary pipe.
And those eggs that are soiled with chicken droppings, and therefore turned out to be rejected, leave on a horse harnessed to a cart. As I see, modern technologies peacefully coexist with the proven old-fashioned methods. Although the horse is one of the exceptions. "Molodezhnaya" has been moving along the rails of progress for a long time. It is modern technologies and imported equipment that make the production process fully automated at all its stages.
PLEASURE OF THE PROCESS
We move to the warehouse - the final point in the route of the livestock specialist Mutylin. I feel that I can hardly move my legs. I'm tired. Was located. "How much do you reel in a day?" - I ask, referring to the huge area on which the factory is located. “10 kilometers, probably, together with the distance to the house,” replies Petrovich, as his subordinates call him.
The warehouse is busy and noisy. The process of packing eggs into plastic or cardboard containers is also fully automated. Manual labor is reduced to zero. Locksmith operators, most of whom are women, monitor the operation of the equipment.
- Probably, this is the main thing in your work - to see the results of your own labor in the form of finished products? - I ask Mutylin.
- It's a great pleasure when we fulfill the plan. A fascinating process - you need to think over the diet so that the product turns out exactly as much as you need. For poultry farmers, every minute counts - while feeding, removing droppings, vaccinating and much, much more, ”the zootechnician answers.
- And who monitors the quality of products and, most importantly, their safety. How do you fight the notorious salmonellosis?
- In this area we have specialists from two laboratories - zootechnical and veterinary. Each batch of feed and products is checked, - says Nikolai Petrovich. “By the way, my wife, Galina Nikolaevna, is in charge of the veterinary laboratory, so we guarantee the quality of the products produced by the family,” he smiles.
- Do you breed hens at home?
- Not now. By the way, our employees can only keep the breed of chickens that are in the factory. Strict rule.
HALF MILLION PER DAY
So the walk is over. The head is spinning from the flow of information. One, of course, cannot cope. It is not for nothing that about 125 people are assigned to the poultry house. They, in turn, are divided into teams - for raising young animals, parental herd, industrial laying hens, incubator, feed shop. Each has a clear task.
Now I understand that the main thing in the work of a poultry-woman is patience and meticulous scrupulousness, because birds react with lightning speed to negligence towards themselves. As a result, mortality and a decrease in productivity are possible.
The scale of the Molodezhnaya poultry farm is impressive. 500 thousand eggs are produced here per day. An enterprise from the category of "monsters": its structure includes both field cultivation and animal husbandry, as well as the production of its own dairy and meat products, a chain of stores. The staff is about 800 people.
It is all the more frightening to realize the situation that has arisen at the enterprise in connection with the grain harvest failure in this dry year. “We have already eaten what we managed to prepare,” says the director Evgeny Davydov. - The high price of grain is one problem, the other is its shortage. There is simply nowhere to buy. " In the worst case, Molodezhnaya may stop. But then it will not be possible to reach the current level of production until 2018.
The editorial office of the newspaper thanks for the help in organizing the project "Journalist Changes Profession"
Evgeniya Davydova, director of Molodezhnaya Poultry Farm.
Olga LISITSA
Pervomaisky district
Don't have time for a doctor's turn? In this case, a specialized appointment with a specialist was opened via the Internet. Here.
To work successfully in poultry farms, poultry farms and to cope with complex mechanization for feeding and caring for poultry, it is necessary to acquire certain knowledge, the profession of a poultry farmer. But what are the responsibilities of the poultry farmer? Its activities include cooking with further distribution of feed, regulating the supply of water in drinkers, cleaning production facilities, workplaces.
To work successfully in poultry farms, poultry farms and to cope with complex mechanization for feeding and caring for poultry, it is necessary to acquire certain knowledge, the profession of a poultry farmer.
But what are the responsibilities of the poultry farmer? Its activities include cooking with further distribution of feed, regulating the supply of water in drinking bowls, cleaning production facilities, workplaces.
Also in his sphere of responsibility is the obligation to carry out measures aimed at increasing the productivity of poultry, for which, in the process of growing, he sorts and culls it.
The poultry farmer also takes part in preventive and therapeutic measures. In addition, the poultry farmer must monitor the living conditions of the birds, for which, with the help of control equipment, heating / ventilation devices, as necessary, set the required air exchange, temperature, humidity in the room, including in the incubator.
For successful work in poultry breeding, however, as in other livestock-raising professions, a poultry breeder must have special aptitudes necessary in working with animals, for example, observation, the ability to understand invisible biological processes, and practical interest.
That is, the poultry breeder should be a real caring, attentive friend of animals, which will allow timely detection and prevention of changes in their behavior, which in the future can negatively affect their development.
The profession of a poultry farmer is, first of all, in demand on poultry farms, whose activities are aimed at creating an abundance of agricultural products.
But only full mastery of the profession will allow one to become a competent, qualified worker of a poultry farm, who is well aware of the complex of work carried out - starting from the preparation of feed, keeping, feeding, breeding birds.
Indeed, today the main processes carried out at poultry farms are mechanized and automated as much as possible, therefore, often one person takes care of many thousands of birds.
The first step is to clearly understand and understand the intricacies of caring for a bird, from young to adult.
For this, having drawn up a working daily routine, and in the future strictly following it, correctly prepare feed, select the optimal keeping regime for each phase of bird growth. A person indifferent to nature cannot be a good poultry breeder. He must love his work, nature, animals and birds, his future wards, then the chosen profession of a poultry breeder will bring joy.
Club hour
Theme: " The poultry profession "
Goal: expanding students' understanding of the modern world of professions, of opportunities to realize their capabilities. Development of interest in professions Update knowledge about parenting professions; explain to students what factors influence the choice of a profession; instill a love of work, the desire to grow up useful to their state.
Equipment: proverbs, puzzles, illustrations, video "My profession is a poultry farmer".
Course of the lesson:
Every person on earth - from young to old - must work, since one cannot live without labor. Labor was, is and will be the basis of life on earth. Your mums and dads go to work every morning. They carry out different tasks and assignments, have different professions. You are sitting at a school desk today. Learning is also labor and labor is not easy. Each of you has probably wondered who he will be when he finishes school. You still have a lot of time ahead to choose your profession. But even now we can conclude that all the works are good - choose the taste! I think you will choose the profession that you like, but always remember that any profession is important!
Today we will talk about such a profession as a poultry farmer.
What do you think the people of this profession are doing?
His daily work is looking after his feathered "friends". If there were no birds, then there would not be such a specific profession.
Guess which birds the breeders are looking after?
Like not a bird, it does not fly,
Walks picks grain. (Chicken)
He wanders importantly in the meadow,
Comes out of the water dry,
Wears red shoes
Gives soft feather beds. (Goose)
The hut is new - there are no tenants,
The tenant will appear - the hut will fall apart. (Egg)
Who sings so loudly
About the fact that the sun is rising? (Rooster)
Stand up without a team,
Go to the pond. (Ducklings)
Who will be born twice:
First time is smooth
The second time is soft? (Chickens)
The poultry farmer works in poultry farms and poultry farms, where he looks after the birds. He prepares and distributes feed, regulates water supply to drinkers, cleans production areas and workplaces. It also carries out measures to increase the productivity of poultry: it sorts and culls it.
Much attention in the work of the poultry farmer is paid to the living conditions of birds on farms. The poultry farmer regulates air exchange, temperature and humidity in the room, participates in preventive and curative measures.
Working with proverbs
There are a lot of sayings related to man in the world. But, interestingly, people noticed characteristic traits of character in birds and animals, while inventing winged expressions, sayings about this or that type of animals.
Here are some sayings about chickens:
Chicken is good with feathers, but meat is even better.
The chicken pecks by the grain, but it is well fed.
From a thin chicken, thin eggs.
Learn from the chicken: rake and pick.
The hen is wearing earrings and the rooster is wearing boots.
To work successfully in poultry farms, poultry farms and to cope with complex mechanization for feeding, caring for poultry, it is necessary to acquire certain knowledge, the profession of a poultry farmer.
What are the responsibilities of the poultry farmer?
Its activities include cooking with further distribution of feed, regulating the supply of water in drinking bowls, cleaning production facilities, workplaces.
Also in his sphere of responsibility is the obligation to carry out measures aimed at increasing the productivity of poultry, for which, in the process of growing, he sorts and culls it.
Work with the puzzle "Take the bird"
Poultry farmer takes part in preventive, therapeutic measures. In addition, the poultry farmer must monitor the living conditions of the birds, for which, with the help of control equipment, heating / ventilation devices, as necessary, set the required air exchange, temperature, humidity in the room, including in the incubator.
For successful work in poultry breeding, however, as in other livestock professions, the poultry breeder must have special aptitudes necessary in working with animals:
penchant for working with animals
practical interest in zoology
observation
caring and attentive towards birds
That is, the poultry farmer should be a real caring, attentive friend of animals, which will allow timely detection and prevention of changes in their behavior, which in the future can negatively affect their development.
The profession of a poultry breeder is, first of all, in demand on poultry farms, whose activities are aimed at creating an abundance of agricultural products.
But only full mastery of the profession will allow one to become a competent, qualified worker of a poultry farm, who is well aware of the range of work carried out - starting from the preparation of feed, keeping, feeding, breeding birds.
Indeed, today the main processes carried out at poultry farms are maximally mechanized, automated, therefore, one person often takes care of many thousands of birds.
The first step is to clearly understand and understand the intricacies of caring for a bird, from young to adult.
For this, having drawn up a working daily routine, and in the future strictly following it, correctly prepare feed, select the optimal keeping regimen for each phase of bird growth. A person indifferent to nature cannot be a good poultry breeder. He must love his work, nature, animals and birds, his future wards, then the chosen profession of a poultry breeder will bring joy.
Select the responsibilities of the poultry farmer:
To cook dinner
To sew clothes
Prepare feed
Water the seedlings
Clean the room
Sort
Take care of animals
Treat the flu
Regulate the water supply
Follow the living conditions
TOTAL:
Our club hour has come to an end. You have done well. We will talk with you more than once about the choice of professions. After all, the choice of a future profession is a very important matter for each of you.
Boys of all times and peoples love to watch westerns. In them brave cowboys fight Indians and shoot accurately from pistols. However, Colt shooting is just a side and extremely rare occupation of the prairie dwellers. First of all, judging by the literal translation, a cowboy raises cows, it is difficult to say whether this is a profession or a vocation. However, the profession of a cowboy can be translated more euphoniously, and more precisely: a cattle driver, a shepherd, a cattle breeder.
Driving cattle could take a whole year, so cowboys were forced to acquire the simplest skills of the professions that usually served a cow's life: a calf, a veterinarian, a cattleman, a milkmaid, and even a breeder and animal technician.
Modern livestock breeders
In modern livestock farms, which provide large cities with an uninterrupted supply of meat and dairy products, the cow shepherd has merged into a professional collective of livestock breeders, each with one or more specialties. As a rule, these are city people and people with higher education. A new one was added to the traditional specialties - the operator of livestock complexes and mechanized farms.
Those who are engaged in raising cows in the old-fashioned way (villagers) are usually referred to as herders and farmers. These may themselves be broad-based specialists or hire the same veterinarians, milkmaids, calves and breeders.
The cattleman's work is hard. Even if you have only one cow, forget about weekends, vacations and theater trips. The cow is able to attach to you and bind you to itself, with invisible chains of production necessity and care for a living, joyful being.
And a little about secrets ...
Have you ever experienced unbearable joint pain? And you know firsthand what it is:
- inability to move easily and comfortably;
- discomfort when going up and down stairs;
- unpleasant crunch, clicking not of their own free will;
- pain during or after exercise;
- joint inflammation and swelling;
- unreasonable and sometimes unbearable aching pain in the joints ...
Now answer the question: does this suit you? How can you endure such pain? And how much money have you already "poured" on ineffective treatment? That's right - it's time to end it! Do you agree? That is why we decided to publish an exclusive interview with professor Dikul, in which he revealed the secrets of getting rid of joint pain, arthritis and arthrosis.
Agriculture is a separate branch of the economy, aimed primarily at providing people with food. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of this industry. There are many in-demand professions related to agriculture. And, of course, they all require certain knowledge and skills.
What are the professions of agriculture: list
The most demanded specialties in this area are:
- agronomist;
- machine operator;
- milking machine operator;
- livestock breeder;
- poultry house;
- veterinarian.
There is another answer to the question of which professions belong to agriculture - a beekeeper and a fur breeder. They are not as common as, for example, a milking machine operator or a livestock breeder, but they are also quite in demand.
Features of the profession of an agronomist
Agricultural technologies are constantly being improved and changed. The responsibilities of an agronomist primarily include the correct organization of production processes, growing crops, harvesting and transporting crops in these conditions. Also, people of this specialty are engaged in the preparation of various kinds of reporting and scientific documentation. Veterinarians usually have higher education. To date, the profession of an agronomist is on the list of the most demanded in Russia.
Machine operator
This is one of the main specialties of such a sphere of economics as agriculture. The professions of a combine operator and tractor driver have always been among the main ones in the countryside. A mechanic is a specialist who is able to operate all types of agricultural machinery. In addition, the duties of these workers include knowledge of the design features of the machines, as well as the implementation of their scheduled maintenance and repair.
The profession of a machine operator is considered one of the most difficult in the countryside. People of this specialty often work in extremely unfavorable conditions - in heat, rain and cold. In addition, they usually have to work overtime during the planting and harvesting periods. Fortunately, in recent years, increased demands have been made on the design of tractors and combines in terms of convenience specifically for machine operators. The cabins of the new models are insulated, equipped with air conditioners and heaters. But all the same, the work of a machine operator will always remain difficult, and therefore honorable.
Milking machine operator
There are many answers to the question of which professions in agriculture are the most common. But the most famous is the milking machine operator. In Soviet times, many films were shot about people of this specialty, and a huge number of poems and songs were written. The profession of a milkmaid was then unusually honorable. Women of this specialty appeared on blue screens in the form of healthy, cheerful ruddy girls in headscarves. However, of course, the profession of a milking machine operator is actually very complex, and there is not much romance in it.
The milkmaids have to get up before dawn - at five in the morning. Their duties include wiping the udder of a cow, feeding it. But the main occupation of the representatives of this profession is, of course, the milking of animals. This operation is performed three times a day. Like a machine operator, the profession of a milkmaid is very important in agriculture.
Livestock breeder
It is also a very common profession in the countryside. Agricultural specialties can be livestock or crop production. The main activity of a zootechnician is, as the name suggests, breeding and raising all kinds of farm animals. Workers in this specialty must provide them with the most comfortable conditions for keeping and breeding. In addition, the duties of the breeder include monitoring the health of the "wards" and maintaining the purity of the breed. Also, people of this specialty make sure that all the necessary components are present in the diet of cows, pigs, sheep, horses and goats: vitamins, minerals, proteins, etc.
Among other things, livestock breeders clean and disinfect barns and pigsties, take part in preventive measures to prevent the spread of epidemics. They also follow the procedure for grazing animals in the summer season, as well as the process of preparing food for them for the winter.
Poultry house
The duties of the representatives of this profession are practically the same as those of the livestock breeder. The only difference is that the poultry house takes care of representatives of birds: chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys, etc. This is also one of the most common specialties in such a sphere of the country's economy as agriculture. Poultry care professions are very difficult and responsible.
Veterinarian
Man began to raise and breed animals thousands of years ago. The veterinarian profession has existed for about the same time. In ancient times, people of this specialty accompanied caravans and armies, monitoring the health of horses and camels, and in the Middle Ages, professional veterinary schools were opened. In our country, this specialty appeared on the initiative of Peter the Great. It was this emperor who once brought highly qualified veterinarians from Europe to Russia.
Today, as in the past, the main task of the agricultural worker in this profession is the treatment of animals. Also his responsibilities include the implementation of preventive measures. Veterinarians give birth to animals, vaccinate, sterilize or inseminate. Representatives of this profession also exercise control over the use of various kinds of chemicals when growing crops intended for animal feeding.
Currently, there is a veterinary center in almost every settlement. There are similar clinics even in cities. True, they are engaged in the treatment of not agricultural, but ordinary domestic animals - cats and dogs.
Beekeeper
There are different agricultural professions. At modern enterprises in this industry, not only animals are raised and plants are grown. Beekeeping also refers precisely to this sphere of the national economy. The specialty of a beekeeper is quite rare in our country. However, this does not mean that it is uninteresting or unclaimed. This is an exciting profession, but like any other agricultural one, it is quite difficult and very responsible.
The duties of the beekeeper include the formation of new families of bees, ensuring their wintering and collecting honey. Also, people of this profession fight against diseases of the insects entrusted to them, repair hives and equipment. Despite the relative rarity, the profession of a beekeeper will always exist, because many people love honey. In addition, this product is very useful.
Pet breeder
Breeding rabbits, nutria, Arctic foxes is also one of the specializations of such an industry as agriculture. The professions associated with caring for such animals are also quite in demand. Animal breeders are responsible for keeping and breeding rabbits and nutria. Their responsibilities include monitoring the preservation of the livestock, the purity of the breed, procedures such as feeding, disease prevention and care.
Agroecologist
This profession has appeared in agriculture not so long ago. However, today it is practically impossible to imagine crop and livestock production without it. First of all, the agroecologist monitors the use of fertilizers and all kinds of chemicals in the fields when growing agricultural plants. The task of this specialist is mainly to develop recommendations to minimize harm from them. Also, agroecologists in agricultural enterprises are engaged in the restoration of depleted and eroded soils.
Where can I get an agricultural specialty
Today in our country there are many educational institutions of different levels, whose tasks include training workers in such an industry as agriculture. Professions of this orientation can be obtained in many cities of our country. Agronomists and veterinarians usually graduate from universities and technical schools. Machine operators are trained in technical schools and colleges. The same goes for milkmaids and poultry women.
The most famous higher educational institutions in which you can get the profession of agricultural workers, in our country are agricultural universities:
- Orenburg.
- Kuban.
- St. Petersburg.
- Altaic.
- Voronezh, etc.
Also, highly qualified specialists are trained by the N. Timiryazev. Of course, the success of the development of such an industry as agriculture directly depends on the quality of training for young specialists. Professions (examples were given above) of this group require a person to have quick wits, dexterity, quick thinking, and often physical endurance. In any case, the process of training future veterinarians, agronomists, milkmaids and machine operators should be approached with full responsibility.
Among the professions there are many of those whose name is not heard, but their significance is great. So, not everyone knows who grows vegetables. The professions of these people are diverse, their work is not easy, it requires experience, special knowledge and constant work, because even in winter these workers cannot fully rest - the harvested seeds need care. And in spring, the preparation of seedlings for planting begins. We invite you to learn more about difficult professions in more detail.
Varieties of vegetable growing
Vegetable growers are engaged in the cultivation of cultivated plants, but their duties are diverse. There are several varieties of vegetable growing. It happens:
- Open ground (growing vegetables in the fields).
- Protected ground (work in greenhouses and hotbeds).
- Melon growing (work on melons, growing watermelons).
There are also very similar positions, for example, a field grower is engaged in work in the fields, flax grows thanks to the efforts of a flax grower, rice is a rice grower, a cotton grower looks after cotton, and grain growers take care of grain fields. Each of these specialties is very important.
Crop specialties
The professions of people who grow vegetables are quite diverse. Let's list the main ones:
- Agronomist. This specialist is engaged in the development and implementation of measures to improve yields, is involved in quality control of planting material, organizes work on sowing crops.
- Breeder. Without this specialist, people would not have learned new varieties that are resistant to diseases and high yields. Breeding is the most important part of vegetable growing, since it allows you to get more perfect hybrids.
- Vegetable grower. This person is engaged in difficult physical labor - caring for potatoes and root crops. However, do not think that the work is done entirely by hand, the old fashioned way. No, now agricultural machines are coming to the rescue.
- The machine operator. A specialist whose duty is to work on agricultural equipment.
These are the main specialties. Let's answer the question: "Who grows vegetables?" There are several professions, but the vegetable grower is most directly involved in working with crops.
Requirements
To become a vegetable grower, you need to have knowledge:
- Biology.
- Chemistry.
- Typology of cultivated plants;
- Soil types and their properties.
In addition, a vegetable grower must have good physical fitness, love nature, be able to observe plants, be careful and patient.
Duties
Let's continue our consideration of unusual professions. Who grows vegetables, we found out, this is a vegetable grower, his duties include a whole range of different actions:
- Preparing the soil for sowing seeds, this includes plowing, loosening, harrowing.
- Preparatory work with seed.
- Planting crops itself.
- Care for them during growth: timely watering, weeding, hilling, thinning, removal and destruction of diseased or pest-affected plants.
- Harvesting and organizing storage and transportation.
The vegetable grower performs a whole range of actions that help grow vegetables from seeds to ready-made fruits. Without these specialists, it would have been impossible to have fresh vegetables on the tables all year round.
Main types of work
We found out what professions people grow vegetables. First of all, these are vegetable growers. The table shows the main types of work that these specialists are engaged in.
| With cultures | With soil | With inventory |
| Preparing seeds for planting, working with planting material | Mixing substrates and different types of soil for growing crops | Checking inventory: its availability and status |
| Protection of landings from the adverse effects of the external environment | Fertilizing the soil | Diagnostics and troubleshooting |
| Seedling picking | Sampling of soil for laboratory research | Preparation of racks for storing the harvested |
| Watering and hilling | Cleaning inventory | |
| Weeding | ||
| Picking vegetables |
In addition, vegetable growers draw up seeding and planting schedules for vegetable crops.
Fruit and vegetable grower: a brief introduction
There are many more Who grows vegetables besides vegetable growers? These are horticultural growers, an even narrower specialty of the agricultural industry, they are engaged not only in vegetables, but also in berries and fruit crops. Their responsibilities include:
- Preparing the soil for planting.
- Growing seedlings.
- Crop care.
- Pest control, disease prevention and control.
- Harvesting and transportation of crops.
- Organization of fruit storage.
The profession of a plant protection agronomist is similar in responsibilities.
Contraindications
Not everyone can become a vegetable grower or fruit grower, even with the necessary knowledge and qualifications. Persons with the following medical contraindications are not allowed to these works:
- Skin diseases.
- Allergic reactions.
- Problems with the spine and musculoskeletal system.
- Pathology of the heart and blood vessels.
- Muscle problems.
That is why, having decided to connect your life with the work of growing crops, it is necessary to undergo a medical examination before entering college.
Melon growing and other positions
Consider the professions of people who grow vegetables, flax, watermelons. The latter are called melon growers, since the place of their labor activity is melon, and watermelons, loved by many, grow on it. Also, these specialists are engaged in the cultivation of other melons and gourds:
- Pumpkins.
- Melons.
These plants are universal, but growing them is fraught with a number of difficulties:
- They do not tolerate frost, therefore they can grow only in mild climates with long warm summers.
- For melons, especially watermelons, well-lit, elevated areas are required; in the lowlands, plants will not give a rich harvest.
- When working with such crops, it is very important to get friendly shoots, therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the quality of seed preparation, warm up and germinate them.
Flax growers are engaged in the preparation of seed, sowing flax and harvesting flax products. They are obliged to understand not only the technology of flax growing, but also the maintenance of specialized equipment: flax threshers, dryers, sorting machines.
Specificity of flax growing in Russia
Flax is one of the most ancient cultures, its use by man has more than one millennium. Let's name the professions of people who grow vegetables and flax. These are vegetable growers and flax growers, they are of particular importance in agricultural activities.
Flax is actively used in light and textile industries, clothes and products made from it are eagerly purchased by foreigners.
We learned about who grows vegetables. Which profession is respected? There are many of them: these are vegetable growers and melon growers, agronomists and breeders, horticultural and flax growers, their hard work helps to get a harvest of fresh fruits, rich in vitamins and distinguished by excellent taste.
Club hour
Theme: " The poultry profession "
Goal: expanding students' understanding of the modern world of professions, of opportunities to realize their capabilities. Development of interest in professions Update knowledge about parenting professions; explain to students what factors influence the choice of a profession; instill a love of work, the desire to grow up useful to their state.
Equipment: proverbs, puzzles, illustrations, video "My profession is a poultry farmer".
Course of the lesson:
Every person on earth - from young to old - must work, since one cannot live without labor. Labor was, is and will be the basis of life on earth. Your mums and dads go to work every morning. They carry out different tasks and assignments, have different professions. You are sitting at a school desk today. Learning is also labor and labor is not easy. Each of you has probably wondered who he will be when he finishes school. You still have a lot of time ahead to choose your profession. But even now we can conclude that all the works are good - choose the taste! I think you will choose the profession that you like, but always remember that any profession is important!
Today we will talk about such a profession as a poultry farmer.
What do you think the people of this profession are doing?
His daily work is looking after his feathered "friends". If there were no birds, then there would not be such a specific profession.
Guess which birds the breeders are looking after?
Like not a bird, it does not fly,
Walks picks grain. (Chicken)
He wanders importantly in the meadow,
Comes out of the water dry,
Wears red shoes
Gives soft feather beds. (Goose)
The hut is new - there are no tenants,
The tenant will appear - the hut will fall apart. (Egg)
Who sings so loudly
About the fact that the sun is rising? (Rooster)
Stand up without a team,
Go to the pond. (Ducklings)
Who will be born twice:
First time is smooth
The second time is soft? (Chickens)
The poultry farmer works in poultry and poultry farms, where he looks after the birds. He prepares and distributes feed, regulates the water supply to drinkers, and cleans production areas and workplaces. It also carries out measures to increase the productivity of poultry: it grades and culls it.
Much attention in the work of the poultry farmer is paid to the living conditions of birds on farms. The poultry farmer regulates air exchange, temperature and humidity of air in the room, participates in preventive and therapeutic measures.
Working with proverbs
There are a lot of sayings related to man in the world. But, interestingly, people noticed the characteristic traits of character in birds and animals, while coming up with winged expressions, sayings about this or that type of animals.
Here are some sayings about chickens:
Chicken is good with feathers, but meat is even better.
The chicken pecks by the grain, but it is well fed.
From a thin chicken, thin eggs.
Learn from the chicken: rake and pick.
The hen is wearing earrings and the rooster is wearing boots.
To work successfully in poultry farms, poultry farms and to cope with complex mechanization for feeding and caring for poultry, it is necessary to acquire certain knowledge, the profession of a poultry farmer.
What are the responsibilities of the poultry farmer?
Its activities include cooking with further distribution of feed, regulating the supply of water in drinking bowls, cleaning production facilities, workplaces.
Also in his sphere of responsibility is the obligation to carry out measures aimed at increasing the productivity of poultry, for which, in the process of growing, he sorts and culls it.
Work with the puzzle "Take the bird"
Poultry farmer takes part in preventive, therapeutic measures. In addition, the poultry farmer must monitor the living conditions of the birds, for which, with the help of control equipment, heating / ventilation devices, as necessary, set the required air exchange, temperature, humidity in the room, including in the incubator.
For successful work in poultry breeding, however, as in other livestock professions, a poultry breeder must have special aptitudes necessary in working with animals:
penchant for working with animals
practical interest in zoology
observation
caring and attentive towards birds
That is, the poultry breeder should be a real caring, attentive friend of animals, which will allow timely detection and prevention of changes in their behavior, which in the future can negatively affect their development.
The profession of a poultry breeder is, first of all, in demand on poultry farms, whose activities are aimed at creating an abundance of agricultural products.
But only full mastery of the profession will allow one to become a competent, qualified worker of a poultry farm, who is well aware of the complex of work carried out - starting from the preparation of feed, keeping, feeding, breeding birds.
Indeed, today the main processes carried out at poultry farms are mechanized and automated as much as possible, therefore, often one person takes care of many thousands of birds.
The first step is to clearly understand and understand the intricacies of caring for a bird, from young to adult.
For this, having drawn up a working daily routine, and in the future strictly following it, correctly prepare feed, select the optimal keeping regime for each phase of bird growth. A person indifferent to nature cannot be a good poultry breeder. He must love his work, nature, animals and birds, his future wards, then the chosen profession of a poultry breeder will bring joy.
Select the responsibilities of the poultry farmer:
To cook dinner
To sew clothes
Prepare feed
Water the seedlings
Clean the room
Sort
Take care of animals
Treat the flu
Regulate the water supply
Follow the living conditions
TOTAL: Our club hour has come to an end. You have done well. We will talk with you more than once about the choice of professions. After all, the choice of a future profession is a very important matter for each of you.
There is a buyer for each product, especially if the product is of high quality. Today, residents of megalopolises try to consume environmentally friendly products, refusing greenhouse vegetables and fruits, eggs, and industrially produced meat. This is why poultry farming as a home business is becoming more and more popular among entrepreneurs.
Business plan for raising chickens
Consider business development options based on the following figures: 400-500 chickens are raised for meat and 30-40 hens for laying hens.
Choosing the breed of young animals is the most important task at the start. Here it is necessary to take into account the conditions of keeping poultry, productivity, resistance to diseases. Today, many breeds are distinguished, as well as crosses, which are often mistakenly referred to as breeds.
Without going into scientific details, we can say that the cross can be bought. But it is quite difficult to raise productive laying hens from their eggs.
Let's note the most popular chicken breeds:
- Brama
- Leghorn
- Hisex
- Lohman Brown
- Kuchinskaya Jubilee
Your own vegetable garden is an undoubted advantage when organizing a chicken breeding business. Experienced farmers note that in addition to compound feed for the first month, the bird needs to be fed with nettles, carrots and, if possible, goat cheese. The second month of life can be diversified with other vegetables (beets, potatoes, pumpkin).
We will make simple calculations to calculate the profitability of a chicken breeding business. At the age of 2 months, an average chicken weighs 5 kg, 400 carcasses is 2,000 kg. Poultry costs about $ 5-7, profit from 2000 kg is $ 10-14 thousand. Assuming that the initial investment for purchasing chickens is about $ 6,000, the net profit is about $ 5,000.
Do not miss:
If the main income comes from the sale of meat, then raising laying hens can be done as an additional income. The choice is yours.
The productivity of 30 chickens is 20-23 eggs every day. You can get about 600-700 eggs per month. The cost of a product on the market largely depends on the region and averages $ 1-1.5. Having made simple calculations, it can be seen that 30 laying hens are capable of bringing in up to $ 1,000 per month (excluding maintenance costs).
Practice shows that broiler breeding is intertwined with the most profitable poultry business, the profitability of which reaches 70%. In any case, there should be no problems with the sale of products. In almost every city, the demand for chicken and eggs is consistently high.
